Industrias Chema <\/a>en Alejandr\u00eda, y los principales cultivos de huertas, que \u00e9l aconseja que sean uvas de mesa, c\u00edtricos, melocotones, albaricoques, manzanas y mangos, dependen de fertilizantes qu\u00edmicos. <\/p>\n El Shafie da fe de que los fertilizantes m\u00e1s importantes que se utilizan actualmente son nitr\u00f3geno, f\u00f3sforo y potasio (NPK), oligoelementos, estimulantes, enmiendas del suelo, nitrato de amonio, sulfato de amonio, nitrato de calcio, sulfato de potasio y \u00e1cido fosf\u00f3rico. Sin embargo, por razones de seguridad, el nitrato de potasio est\u00e1 prohibido.<\/p>\n
La variedad de cultivos que se cultivan tambi\u00e9n requiere una variedad de agroqu\u00edmicos; los m\u00e1s populares ahora son los insecticidas organofosforados como el clorpirifos, el malati\u00f3n, el diazin\u00f3n y el fenitroti\u00f3n; acaricidas como la abamectina; los nematicidas carbufurano y oxamil; herbicidas de glifosato; y fungicidas para el mildi\u00fa polvoroso, el mildi\u00fa velloso y la botritis.<\/p>\n
De los 3,3 millones de hect\u00e1reas (Ha) cultivadas en Egipto, solo alrededor de 20.235 Ha no utilizan agroqu\u00edmicos. En cambio, se prefieren productos biol\u00f3gicos como Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), Beauveria bassiana, fertilizantes naturales y m\u00e9todos de control mec\u00e1nico. Seg\u00fan El Shafie, los biocontroles se utilizan principalmente en hierbas medicinales y hortalizas para la exportaci\u00f3n, principalmente a Alemania; Los precios de los cultivos biocontrolados son demasiado altos para los consumidores egipcios.<\/p>\n
Canales<\/p>\n
La mayor\u00eda de las exportaciones de Egipto van a Europa, Arabia Saudita y los Estados del Golfo. Las exportaciones destinadas a Europa deben cumplir con EurepGAP, que certifica las Buenas Pr\u00e1cticas Agr\u00edcolas (BPA) y proporciona documentaci\u00f3n para ciertos procesos y procedimientos. Los env\u00edos a Europa solo pueden utilizar agroqu\u00edmicos aprobados y niveles de residuos aceptables. A nivel local, no hay restricciones, dice El Shafie de Chema Industries, siempre que el Ministerio de Agricultura local (MoA) haya aprobado los productos qu\u00edmicos. Los cultivos gen\u00e9ticamente modificados (GM) a\u00fan no han sido ratificados en Egipto.<\/p>\n
Los importadores suelen hacer acuerdos con los mayoristas egipcios, que luego distribuyen a los minoristas de todo el pa\u00eds. Aunque los fabricantes o importadores a menudo prefieren distribuir directamente a los minoristas, El Shafie advierte que \u201cesto es complicado, ya que hay alrededor de 4.000 tiendas minoristas en todo el pa\u00eds y la mayor\u00eda de los agroqu\u00edmicos no se venden en efectivo. Esto incluir\u00e1 esfuerzos adicionales para cobrar los montos adeudados cuando se venda la cosecha y los agricultores paguen sus deudas con el minorista ". <\/p>\n
Tambi\u00e9n se debe tener en cuenta que, aunque algunas regulaciones son similares a las de otros pa\u00edses, como los requisitos de prueba de tres a\u00f1os, no existe un protocolo de registro fijo; las regulaciones cambian con cada turno de oficiales, sin previo aviso. Para hacer frente a este obst\u00e1culo, las empresas de agroqu\u00edmicos est\u00e1n tratando de formar sindicatos fuertes para influir en los funcionarios del Ministerio de Agricultura.<\/p>\n
New Valley Future<\/p>\n
En 1997, Egipto comenz\u00f3 la construcci\u00f3n del New Valley Canal, un r\u00edo autosuficiente que conecta los lagos Toshka y una serie de oasis entre s\u00ed para irrigar el desierto occidental. El agua es transportada desde el lago Nasser por la estaci\u00f3n de bombeo de Mubarak, convirtiendo 237,955 Ha de desierto en tierras agr\u00edcolas. <\/p>\n
Si bien el Proyecto New Valley no est\u00e1 programado para completarse hasta 2020, ya est\u00e1 produciendo. El Shafie dice: "La tierra des\u00e9rtica recientemente recuperada alberga una agricultura moderna pr\u00f3spera, llamada agricultura 'industrial', que utiliza las t\u00e9cnicas m\u00e1s avanzadas, generalmente en una gran superficie". Seg\u00fan El Shafie, este nuevo sector ha aumentado la tierra cultivable de Egipto en alrededor de 35% de la antigua superficie agr\u00edcola en el valle del Nilo. <\/p>\n
Los exploradores de la historia, que navegan por los Nilos Blanco y Azul y limpian la espesa vegetaci\u00f3n para adentrarse en el lujoso valle del r\u00edo Nilo, podr\u00edan no reconocer el \u00e1rea, y definitivamente no entender\u00edan la agricultura basada en la tecnolog\u00eda actual. Pero no importa cu\u00e1nto hayan cambiado los m\u00e9todos agr\u00edcolas, los huertos y campos de Egipto siguen cargados de deliciosas frutas y granos dorados, una recompensa por las tierras del norte.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
La idea del valle del r\u00edo Nilo transmite un suelo rico y una vegetaci\u00f3n exuberante, que crece en lo profundo del \u00c1frica submediterr\u00e1nea h\u00fameda. Este\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":110,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10123","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-markets"],"yoast_head":"\n
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