{"id":134054,"date":"2026-02-25T10:47:27","date_gmt":"2026-02-25T15:47:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/?p=134054"},"modified":"2026-03-12T16:24:29","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T20:24:29","slug":"president-trumps-state-of-union-defies-u-s-supreme-courts-tariffs-rule","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/es\/agrochemicals\/president-trumps-state-of-union-defies-u-s-supreme-courts-tariffs-rule\/","title":{"rendered":"El discurso sobre el Estado de la Uni\u00f3n del presidente Trump desaf\u00eda la norma arancelaria de la Corte Suprema de EE. UU."},"content":{"rendered":"

El discurso sobre el Estado de la Uni\u00f3n del presidente Trump comunic\u00f3 sus planes de continuar con los aranceles a pesar de que La Corte Suprema ha dictado sentencia por 6 a 3<\/a> Contra el uso de la ley IEEPA por parte del Presidente para imponer aranceles a nuestros socios comerciales. La opini\u00f3n mayoritaria no se pronuncia sobre el tema de los reembolsos. La opini\u00f3n minoritaria s\u00ed se\u00f1ala que los reembolsos ser\u00edan dif\u00edciles de implementar. Esta decisi\u00f3n no afecta los aranceles impuestos a China bajo la autorizaci\u00f3n 301 ni los impuestos bajo la autorizaci\u00f3n 232.<\/p>\n

Aunque parece que la Administraci\u00f3n litigar\u00e1, se prev\u00e9 que se exigir\u00e1n reembolsos. Si bien ya existen cientos de demandas individuales en el Tribunal de Comercio Internacional (CIT), as\u00ed como una demanda colectiva, que buscan reembolsos, este proceso podr\u00eda tardar bastante en avanzar en el sistema judicial, especialmente si la Administraci\u00f3n decide apelar la inevitable decisi\u00f3n del CIT de exigir la devoluci\u00f3n de los fondos recaudados ilegalmente.<\/p>\n

Esto tambi\u00e9n presenta una serie de desaf\u00edos. En concreto, la mec\u00e1nica de los reembolsos es compleja, sobre todo porque los materiales importados se distribuyen a trav\u00e9s de la cadena de distribuci\u00f3n. La entidad que pag\u00f3 el arancel recibir\u00e1 el reembolso y luego decidir\u00e1 si los fondos deben conservarse como una ganancia inesperada o transferirse a sus clientes. Esta decisi\u00f3n, as\u00ed como la forma de hacerlo, quedar\u00eda totalmente a su discreci\u00f3n. Es fundamental llevar un registro minucioso, ya que la cantidad de dinero en juego es enorme.<\/p>\n

Tambi\u00e9n existe un importante problema de precios futuros. Muchos proveedores internacionales han internalizado algunos de estos costos. Los compradores estadounidenses probablemente querr\u00e1n seguir pagando con base en los precios actuales, mientras que los exportadores buscar\u00e1n recuperar sus m\u00e1rgenes.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00e9 sigue para la industria<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Es evidente que la Administraci\u00f3n espera que los pa\u00edses que han firmado "Acuerdos de Reciprocidad" cumplan con lo firmado. En muchos casos, esto incluye acuerdos para invertir importantes sumas de dinero en EE. UU., y algunos de estos acuerdos conllevan aranceles superiores a 151 TP3T. Ser\u00e1 interesante observar c\u00f3mo reaccionan los pa\u00edses a esta nueva realidad.<\/p>\n

La Administraci\u00f3n ha anunciado que iniciar\u00e1 de inmediato esfuerzos acelerados para finalizar los aranceles de la secci\u00f3n 301 en un n\u00famero a\u00fan por definir de pa\u00edses. Tambi\u00e9n activ\u00f3 la facultad de la secci\u00f3n 122, que permite aranceles de hasta 15% durante un per\u00edodo de 150 d\u00edas para compensar problemas de balanza de pagos. El objetivo es completar estas evaluaciones antes de que expire el plazo de 150 d\u00edas establecido en la secci\u00f3n 122. Si bien esto podr\u00eda ser posible, ser\u00e1 un enorme desaf\u00edo encargar al Departamento de Comercio y al Representante Comercial de Estados Unidos (USTR) que realicen esta funci\u00f3n en varios pa\u00edses simult\u00e1neamente. La facultad de la secci\u00f3n 301 otorga al Presidente una enorme influencia sobre los aranceles.<\/p>\n

El presidente obtuvo 301 autorizaciones sobre China durante su primera administraci\u00f3n. Los tramos importantes para los agroqu\u00edmicos incluyen el tramo 3, actualmente gravado con un arancel de 251 TP3T; el tramo 4a, actualmente gravado con un arancel de 7,51 TP3T; y el tramo 4b, a\u00fan no implementado. Si as\u00ed lo decide, ser\u00eda muy sencillo aumentar los aranceles del tramo 3 a 301 TP3T, el del tramo 4a a 151 TP3T e implementar el tramo 4b a un arancel de hasta 151 TP3T. El tramo 4b incluye productos como el glifosato, el glufosinato, el clortalonil y el oxifluorfeno, entre otros.<\/p>\n

Como recordar\u00e1n, el factor que permiti\u00f3 al presidente postergar el aumento de las tasas fue la aceptaci\u00f3n por parte de China del acuerdo comercial de "Fase Uno". China no cumpli\u00f3 ni de lejos con los requisitos de este acuerdo.<\/p>\n

La flexibilizaci\u00f3n de los poderes arancelarios de la IEEPA probablemente aumentar\u00e1 la posibilidad de que la Administraci\u00f3n presione a China para lograr un \u201cacuerdo de fase 2\u201d que cubra las diversas cuestiones que se priorizaron en la IEEPA.<\/p>\n

India presenta un desaf\u00edo especial. Si bien se esperar\u00eda que completaran un estudio 301 sobre India, al mismo tiempo es evidente que India y Estados Unidos est\u00e1n trabajando para lograr un acuerdo comercial formal. Dicho acuerdo evitar\u00eda la imposici\u00f3n de grav\u00e1menes significativos contra India.<\/p>\n

La imposici\u00f3n de aranceles bajo la secci\u00f3n 122, firmada el viernes por la noche a una tasa de 101 TP3T, parece incluir la misma lista de excepciones que formaba parte del r\u00e9gimen de reciprocidad. El Presidente anunci\u00f3 su intenci\u00f3n de aumentar esta tasa a 151 TP3T. El uso de esta secci\u00f3n de la ley est\u00e1 causando algunos desaf\u00edos, ya que la tasa debe ser adicional a la tasa base normal del arancel. El problema es que, en muchos casos, EE. UU. firm\u00f3 acuerdos que limitan la tasa a 151 TP3T (UE, Jap\u00f3n, Corea y varios otros). Ahora bien, dado que muchos productos qu\u00edmicos tienen una tasa arancelaria de 6,51 TP3T, la tasa para estos pa\u00edses ser\u00e1 de 16,51 TP3T, lo que obviamente excede el acuerdo anterior de 151 TP3T. Aumentar la tasa a 151 TP3T agrava el problema, ya que la nueva tasa ser\u00eda entonces de 21,51 TP3T. Si bien la Administraci\u00f3n claramente tiene la intenci\u00f3n de aumentar la tasa a 15%, necesita encontrar una soluci\u00f3n alternativa para que EE. UU. no incumpla en la pr\u00e1ctica estos acuerdos previamente firmados. Hay mucho en juego en estos acuerdos, especialmente para los pa\u00edses que tambi\u00e9n se comprometieron a invertir miles de millones de d\u00f3lares en EE. UU. como parte del acuerdo.<\/p>\n

Siendo ese el caso, a continuaci\u00f3n encontrar\u00e1 una revisi\u00f3n del cuadro arancelario que hemos utilizado en el pasado para comparar las tasas arancelarias de productos individuales entre China e India.\u00a0 Consulte con sus propios expertos en tarifas y comercio antes de confiar en cualquier informaci\u00f3n de esta tabla.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
N\u00famero HTS<\/th>\nChina
\nTarifa base<\/th>\n		China
\nImpuesto adicional 301<\/th>\n		China
\nTarifa 122<\/th>\n		Total de China<\/th>\nProducto<\/th>\nIndia
\nTarifa 122<\/th>\n		Total de la India<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Herbicidas clave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2918.99.20.10<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n7.5%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n24%<\/td>\n2,4 D<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2924.29.47.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nAcetoclor<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2933.69.60.21<\/td>\n3.5%<\/td>\n7.5%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n11%<\/td>\nAtrazina<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n3.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2926.90.23.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n7.5%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n24%<\/td>\nBromoxinilo<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2926.90.25.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nOctano de bromoxinil<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3808.93.15.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nFormulado con bromoxinil<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2930.90.10.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nCletodim<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2934.99.15.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\nClomazona<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2918.99.20.50<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n7.5%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n24%<\/td>\nDicamba<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2931.59.00.80<\/td>\n3.7%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n3.7%<\/td>\nEtef\u00f3n<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n3.7%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2935.90.75.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\nFlucarbazona<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2933.39.25.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\nFluroxipir<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2931.49.00.10<\/td>\n3.7%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n3.7%<\/td>\nGlufosinato<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n3.7%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2931.49.00.20<\/td>\n3.7%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n3.7%<\/td>\nGlifosato<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n3.7%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2918.99.20.15<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n7.5%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n24%<\/td>\nMCPA<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2930.90.10.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nMesotriona<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2933.69.60.21<\/td>\n3.5%<\/td>\n7.5%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n11%<\/td>\nMetribuzin<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n3.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2933.39.23.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\nParaquat<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2921.49.50.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n31.5%<\/td>\nPendimetalina<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2924.29.47.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nPropanil<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3808.93.15.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nPropanil Formulado<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2934.99.90.01<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\nPiroxasulfona<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2924.29.47.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nS-Moc<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2935.90.75.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\nSulfentrazona<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2921.43.15.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nTrifluralin<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
m\u00e1s formulado<\/strong><\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nArom\u00e1tico<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
m\u00e1s formulado<\/strong><\/td>\n5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n40%<\/td>\nNo arom\u00e1tico<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n15%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
N\u00famero HTS<\/th>\nChina
\nTarifa base<\/th>\n		China
\nImpuesto adicional 301<\/th>\n		China
\nTarifa 122<\/th>\n		Total de China<\/th>\nProducto<\/th>\nIndia
\nTarifa 122<\/th>\n		Total de la India<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Insecticidas clave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2932.20.50.50<\/td>\nGratis \u2013 Lista K<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\nAbamectina<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2930.90.43.95<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nAcefato<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2933.39.27.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\nAcetamiprid<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2928.00.25.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n31.5%<\/td>\nBifenazate<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2916.20.50.00<\/td>\n3.7%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n28.7%<\/td>\nBifentrina<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n3.7%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2924.29.28.00<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\nDiflubenzur\u00f3n<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2933.39.27.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\nImidacloprid<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2926.90.16.00<\/td>\ngratis<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n40%<\/td>\nCihalotrina lambda<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n15%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3808.91.25.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nFormulado con Lambda Cy<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2924.21.45.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nNovaluron<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2930.90.43.95<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nOxamil<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2916.20.50.00<\/td>\nGratis \u2013 Lista K<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\nPermetrina<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2920.90.10.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nPropargita<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
m\u00e1s formulado<\/strong><\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nArom\u00e1tico<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
m\u00e1s formulado<\/strong><\/td>\n5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n40%<\/td>\nNo arom\u00e1tico<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n15%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
N\u00famero HTS<\/th>\nChina
\nTarifa base<\/th>\n		China
\nImpuesto adicional 301<\/th>\n		China
\nTarifa 122<\/th>\n		Total de China<\/th>\nProducto<\/th>\nIndia
\nTarifa 122<\/th>\n		Total de la India<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Fungicidas clave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2933.59.15.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\nAzoxistrobina*<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2930.90.43.95<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nCaptan<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2926.90.21.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\nClorotalonil<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2833.25.00.00<\/td>\n1.4%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n26.4%<\/td>\nSulfato de cobre<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n1.4%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2933.99.22.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\nIpconazol<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3808.92.24.00<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n35%<\/td>\nMancozeb<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n15%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3808.92.50.80<\/td>\n5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n40%<\/td>\nAzufre micronizado<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n15%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2934.99.12.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\nPropiconazol<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2933.99.22.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\nTebuconazol<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
m\u00e1s formulado<\/strong><\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nArom\u00e1tico<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
m\u00e1s formulado<\/strong><\/td>\n5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n40%<\/td>\nNo arom\u00e1tico<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n15%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El choque de autoridades arancelarias prepara el terreno para batallas por reembolsos, escaladas 301 y nuevas presiones sobre los precios en las cadenas de suministro de agroqu\u00edmicos.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":110,"featured_media":80695,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1917,4],"tags":[1708],"class_list":["post-134054","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-abg-update-feature","category-agrochemicals","tag-tariffs"],"yoast_head":"\nPresident Trump\u2019s State of Union Defies U.S. Supreme Courts Tariffs Rule - AgriBusiness Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Tariff authority clash sets stage for refund battles, 301 escalations, and new pricing pressures across agrochemical supply chains.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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