{"id":134140,"date":"2023-07-01T16:43:38","date_gmt":"2023-07-01T20:43:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/?p=134140"},"modified":"2026-03-06T13:02:16","modified_gmt":"2026-03-06T18:02:16","slug":"seed-market-and-crop-production-in-central-america","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/es\/markets\/americas\/seed-market-and-crop-production-in-central-america\/","title":{"rendered":"Mercado de Semillas y Producci\u00f3n de Cultivos en Centroam\u00e9rica"},"content":{"rendered":"

Este art\u00edculo describir\u00e1 el valor de la producci\u00f3n de semillas y cultivos comercializados en Centroam\u00e9rica, con un enfoque especial en los principales mercados de la regi\u00f3n, examinando la situaci\u00f3n actual del mismo.<\/em><\/p>\n

Descripci\u00f3n general del mercado de semillas de Centroam\u00e9rica<\/h2>\n

En el an\u00e1lisis de AgbioInvestor del mercado global de semillas comercializadas, Centroam\u00e9rica es un subsector del gran mercado de Am\u00e9rica Central y del Sur.<\/p>\n

En Centroam\u00e9rica, los principales mercados nacionales son M\u00e9xico y Honduras, seguidos por Guatemala. M\u00e9xico lidera claramente en valor, representando casi 961 toneladas m\u00e9tricas de trigo del valor regional. A diferencia de Sudam\u00e9rica, la soja no es el cultivo dominante ni en superficie ni en valor, siendo el ma\u00edz el cultivo m\u00e1s valioso.<\/p>\n

Como resultado de la combinaci\u00f3n de cultivos cultivados en M\u00e9xico y el uso de semillas retenidas por los agricultores y suministradas por el gobierno, el valor del mercado de semillas comercializadas en el pa\u00eds es relativamente bajo, $813 millones USD en 2021. Sin embargo, el valor del mercado de semillas mexicanas es significativamente m\u00e1s grande que sus vecinos regionales, ya que representa casi el 96% del valor del mercado de semillas comercializado en Centroam\u00e9rica.<\/p>\n

En M\u00e9xico, el ma\u00edz es un cultivo importante, tanto para el consumo como a nivel cultural, ya que el ma\u00edz origin\u00f3 en el pa\u00eds. El ma\u00edz se cultiva t\u00edpicamente en dos per\u00edodos, verano e invierno. El cultivo de verano tiene lugar entre abril y enero, mientras que el cultivo de invierno se produce entre noviembre y julio. La cosecha de verano representa aproximadamente 70% de la producci\u00f3n total. El cultivo de ma\u00edz en M\u00e9xico es totalmente convencional, ya que en el pa\u00eds no se permite la producci\u00f3n comercial de variedades gen\u00e9ticamente modificadas (GM).<\/p>\n

En 2022, M\u00e9xico consumi\u00f3 161% de su producci\u00f3n nacional, lo que significa que el pa\u00eds tuvo que importar 17.7 millones de toneladas para satisfacer la demanda interna y sostener las existencias finales. M\u00e9xico normalmente obtiene la mayor\u00eda de sus importaciones de ma\u00edz de los Estados Unidos. En los \u00faltimos 10 a\u00f1os, M\u00e9xico ha producido en promedio 26.1 millones de toneladas al a\u00f1o, mientras que consume 39.4 millones de toneladas. El consumo para alimentaci\u00f3n animal ahora constituye la mayor parte del uso dom\u00e9stico.<\/p>\n

Despu\u00e9s del ma\u00edz y las hortalizas, el siguiente sector de semillas m\u00e1s valioso en M\u00e9xico es el de los cereales, compuesto principalmente por sorgo, trigo y cebada. Sumados, estos cultivos se sembraron en un total de 2,2 millones de hect\u00e1reas en 2021, una ca\u00edda de 5,2% con respecto al a\u00f1o anterior. Sin embargo, en este nivel, el \u00e1rea sembrada incluye aquellas provenientes de fuentes retenidas por los agricultores\/suministradas por el gobierno. Cuando solo se cuentan las variedades comerciales, la superficie sembrada que cubren estos cultivos es menor.<\/p>\n

El valor del mercado de semillas de algod\u00f3n de la naci\u00f3n es bastante peque\u00f1o: $14 millones USD en 2021, debido a la superficie plantada relativamente peque\u00f1a. Sin embargo, el algod\u00f3n es el \u00fanico cultivo gen\u00e9ticamente modificado (GM) cultivado en el pa\u00eds, con las primeras siembras ocurriendo en 1998. Al igual que con el ma\u00edz, el algod\u00f3n se cultiva en dos per\u00edodos; el primer cultivo que se cultiva de febrero a diciembre y el segundo que se cultiva de agosto a febrero.<\/p>\n

El gobierno mexicano ha adoptado una postura contra los transg\u00e9nicos y el glifosato, ya que suspendi\u00f3 las aprobaciones de importaci\u00f3n de granos que contienen rasgos transg\u00e9nicos en 2018 y contin\u00faa gradualmente eliminando el uso del herbicida glifosato, con el objetivo de completar la eliminaci\u00f3n para el 2024. Los gobiernos de M\u00e9xico y EUA han debatido recientemente el deseo de M\u00e9xico de restringir las importaciones de ma\u00edz estadounidense que proviene de producci\u00f3n transg\u00e9nica, sin embargo, esta posici\u00f3n se ha suavizado ligeramente con el grano derivado de transg\u00e9nico solo ser utilizado en la alimentaci\u00f3n animal.<\/p>\n

Como parte de este punto de vista anti-GM, el pa\u00eds tampoco ha aprobado ninguna solicitud de permiso para el cultivo de algod\u00f3n desde 2019, lo que result\u00f3 en una menor disponibilidad de semillas de algod\u00f3n GM y una disminuci\u00f3n significativa en las tasas de adopci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

Actualmente, la expectativa para el cultivo de ma\u00edz en 2023 es de un aumento de 0,7% en \u00e1rea, para llegar a 7,25 millones de hect\u00e1reas. Se pronostica que la producci\u00f3n se mantendr\u00e1 estable, lo que resultar\u00e1 en una menor disminuci\u00f3n de rendimiento. Se ha informado de que, a pesar del aumento de la demanda interna, los productores se ven desincentivados para cultivar ma\u00edz debido a los altos costos continuos de los insumos y la falta de agua en las zonas sin riego. En algod\u00f3n, se pronostica que el \u00e1rea plantada de 2023 caer\u00e1 en 25,7%, mientras que se espera que la producci\u00f3n disminuya en 13,7%. La disminuci\u00f3n en el \u00e1rea responde a la baja demanda nacional e internacional de textiles, la continua no aprobaci\u00f3n de nuevas variedades de semillas GM y la disponibilidad reducida de glifosato.<\/p>\n

Honduras<\/h2>\n

El mercado de semillas comercializadas es considerablemente m\u00e1s peque\u00f1o en Honduras en comparaci\u00f3n con M\u00e9xico, con solo $23 millones USD en 2021. El ma\u00edz es el cultivo m\u00e1s valioso del pa\u00eds y representa poco m\u00e1s de 80% del valor de mercado de semillas comercializadas del mismo.<\/p>\n

Hay tres cosechas de ma\u00edz en Honduras, mayo-octubre, agosto-febrero y diciembre-abril, que normalmente producen en promedio 0,49 millones de toneladas por a\u00f1o. Honduras consumi\u00f3 260% de su producci\u00f3n nacional en 2022, teniendo que importar significativamente m\u00e1s ma\u00edz del que produc\u00eda. En los \u00faltimos 10 a\u00f1os, Honduras ha producido en promedio 0,49 millones de toneladas al a\u00f1o, mientras que consume 1,1 millones de toneladas. Los niveles de consumo entre alimentos y piensos hist\u00f3ricamente han sido similares, sin embargo en los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os la alimentaci\u00f3n animal se ha convertido en el principal consumidor de ma\u00edz en el pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n

Honduras solo cultiva un cultivo gen\u00e9ticamente modificado, el ma\u00edz, con las primeras siembras en 2007. La utilizaci\u00f3n de tecnolog\u00eda GM sigue siendo baja en 15.3% del \u00e1rea total de ma\u00edz del pa\u00eds, lo que representa 52,000 hect\u00e1reas en 2022. Al igual que en muchos pa\u00edses, las variedades de genes apilados forman el la mayor parte de la superficie sembrada con transg\u00e9nicos.<\/p>\n

Actualmente se espera que en 2023 la superficie total sembrada de ma\u00edz en Honduras se mantenga igual respecto al a\u00f1o anterior.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Este art\u00edculo describir\u00e1 el valor de la producci\u00f3n de semillas y cultivos comercializados en Centroam\u00e9rica, con un enfoque en\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1477,"featured_media":134131,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[26,926],"tags":[1996],"class_list":["post-134140","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-americas","category-plant-health","tag-abg-direct-july-2023"],"yoast_head":"\nSeed Market and Crop Production in Central America - AgriBusiness Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This article will describe the value of traded seed and crop production in Central America, with a focus on the leading markets in the region, examining\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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