{"id":135138,"date":"2026-09-03T10:23:20","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T14:23:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/?p=135138"},"modified":"2026-08-05T15:04:09","modified_gmt":"2026-08-05T19:04:09","slug":"surfactants-supply-chain-formulations-and-regulations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/es\/agrochemicals\/adjuvants\/surfactants-supply-chain-formulations-and-regulations\/","title":{"rendered":"Tensioactivos: Cadena de suministro, formulaciones y normativa"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hoy en d\u00eda, sin el uso diario de tensioactivos, cuyo mercado anual ronda los 20 millones de toneladas m\u00e9tricas y los 14.000 millones de d\u00f3lares, no existir\u00eda la civilizaci\u00f3n moderna tal como la conocemos.<\/p>\n

Sin embargo, en la d\u00e9cada de 1930, los llamados tensioactivos sint\u00e9ticos basados en cadenas alqu\u00edlicas petroqu\u00edmicas impulsaron enormemente el crecimiento de esta clase de ingredientes qu\u00edmicos, introduci\u00e9ndolos en casi todos los \u00e1mbitos de actividad que sustentan la vida civilizada tal como la conocemos, incluida la agricultura.<\/p>\n

\"Key<\/a>

Figura 1. Haga clic en la imagen para ampliarla.<\/p><\/div>\n

La cadena de suministro de tensioactivos se basa en dos pilares: el petr\u00f3leo y el gas, y las plantaciones de palma.<\/p>\n

Aproximadamente el 90% de la masa de tensioactivos proviene de estos dos puntos de partida. La industria petroqu\u00edmica es fundamental para los tensioactivos, ya que proporciona materias primas esenciales como etileno, benceno, parafinas y amon\u00edaco sulf\u00farico, como se ilustra en la figura 1.<\/p>\n

La principal contribuci\u00f3n de las plantaciones de palma es m\u00e1s espec\u00edfica pero igualmente importante: el aceite de palmiste. Este aceite comprende casi 101 TP3T de la producci\u00f3n total de aceite de la plantaci\u00f3n, y su principal uso es como materia prima para la producci\u00f3n de alcoholes detergentes a base de oleoqu\u00edmicos, que posteriormente se etoxilan y\/o sulfatan para hacer tensioactivos terminados. La figura 2 lo ilustra.<\/p>\n

Dos tendencias que afectan al desarrollo y la aplicaci\u00f3n de surfactantes.<\/h2>\n

Reglamento <\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Key<\/a>

Figura 2. Haga clic en la imagen para ampliarla.<\/p><\/div>\n

La regulaci\u00f3n de los tensioactivos se ha intensificado considerablemente en los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os. En Nueva York y California, por ejemplo, la limitaci\u00f3n de la contaminaci\u00f3n por dioxano en productos de consumo a 1 ppm ha tenido repercusiones en la cadena de suministro de etoxilatos y etoxisulfatos, lo que exige a los fabricantes de tensioactivos invertir en tecnolog\u00eda de eliminaci\u00f3n y anima a los usuarios a buscar alternativas qu\u00edmicas.<\/p>\n

El Reglamento Europeo de Deforestaci\u00f3n exige un seguimiento y rastreo costosos y complejos de los insumos derivados de la palma por parte de los fabricantes de tensioactivos en la UE y los importadores a la misma. Esto ha tenido como consecuencia, en algunos casos, un efecto favorable a la industria petroqu\u00edmica.<\/p>\n

Cadena de suministro<\/strong>
\nEn los \u00faltimos 18 meses, la propia cadena de suministro se ha visto afectada por una inminente escasez de parafinas normales para la fabricaci\u00f3n de alquilbenceno lineal, lo que ha favorecido a productores totalmente integrados como Sasol y Moeve.<\/p>\n

En lo que respecta al sector de la palma, existe preocupaci\u00f3n por la disponibilidad de un suministro suficiente de aceite de palmiste para abastecer la capacidad adicional de producci\u00f3n de alcohol para detergentes de casi un mill\u00f3n de toneladas m\u00e9tricas, que entrar\u00e1 en funcionamiento en los pr\u00f3ximos dos a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n

Estas preocupaciones ya exist\u00edan antes del estallido del conflicto entre Estados Unidos e Ir\u00e1n a finales de febrero. Si a esto le sumamos las presiones arancelarias y las megatendencias a largo plazo relacionadas con la sostenibilidad en gran parte del mundo desarrollado, resulta evidente que la oferta actual necesita una innovaci\u00f3n constante para seguir siendo viable.<\/p>\n

Tendencias innovadoras<\/h2>\n

La innovaci\u00f3n en el campo de los tensioactivos es abundante y generalizada. Se han descrito nuevos biotensioactivos, como los soforol\u00edpidos y los ramnol\u00edpidos obtenidos por fermentaci\u00f3n, y ya se ha iniciado su fabricaci\u00f3n a escala comercial.<\/p>\n

Sin embargo, estas no son las \u00fanicas innovaciones importantes. Los tensioactivos de base biol\u00f3gica, elaborados a partir de carbohidratos, ya est\u00e1n consolidados comercialmente y est\u00e1n teniendo un impacto generalizado, incluso en los agroqu\u00edmicos.<\/p>\n

Las empresas tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1n trabajando en el uso de productos de madera como materia prima clave para nuevos tensioactivos, e incluso existen algunos esfuerzos avanzados para crear nuevos tensioactivos a partir del di\u00f3xido de carbono extra\u00eddo del aire.<\/p>\n

Es importante tener en cuenta, sin embargo, que el desarrollo qu\u00edmico requiere tiempo y dinero, y los tensioactivos no son una excepci\u00f3n. En un futuro previsible, el mercado principal de tensioactivos se basa en el petr\u00f3leo y el aceite de palma, que constituyen los dos pilares que sustentan este componente esencial de los productos de consumo e industriales. Un tercer pilar, sea cual sea su naturaleza, a\u00fan est\u00e1 lejos de materializarse.<\/p>\n

Lea m\u00e1s art\u00edculos como este en AgriBusiness Global. An\u00e1lisis exhaustivo de los adyuvantes en 2026<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un an\u00e1lisis de los factores de mercado que influyen en la producci\u00f3n de tensioactivos y de c\u00f3mo est\u00e1 evolucionando el sector.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2163,"featured_media":135144,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[1917,24,4],"tags":[2015,54],"class_list":["post-135138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-abg-update-feature","category-adjuvants","category-agrochemicals","tag-2026-adjuvants-deep-dive","tag-featured-home"],"yoast_head":"\nSurfactants: Supply Chain, Formulations, and Regulations - 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