Biocombustibles: su impacto en la producci\u00f3n de cultivos en todo el mundo<\/a>\u201d, Escrito en beneficio de las industrias de agroqu\u00edmicos y otros insumos agr\u00edcolas, proyecta que tres regiones y cuatro cultivos dominan la escena de los biocombustibles en la actualidad y continuar\u00e1n haci\u00e9ndolo hasta 2013 y m\u00e1s all\u00e1.<\/p>\nBrasil lidera el camino. En 2008, la mitad de los 6,5 millones de hect\u00e1reas de ca\u00f1a de az\u00facar cosechada se utiliz\u00f3 para la producci\u00f3n de bioetanol. De acuerdo con la demanda local y las inversiones existentes, o planificadas, ser\u00e1 necesario sembrar de 2 a 3 millones de hect\u00e1reas adicionales de ca\u00f1a para 2013. Brasil est\u00e1 bien situado para disponer de tierras de pastoreo sin invadir la selva tropical. El bajo costo de producci\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n es una gran ventaja. Brasil y Argentina tambi\u00e9n est\u00e1n fuertemente comprometidos con la producci\u00f3n de biodiesel a partir de soja. Ya se cultivan unas 8% de soja brasile\u00f1a para biodiesel con hasta 20% del \u00e1rea proyectada para 2013. Gran parte del biodiesel producido en Am\u00e9rica Latina se destina a la exportaci\u00f3n, con la UE como mercado principal.<\/p>\n
En los EE. UU., La restricci\u00f3n de la tierra para cultivar ma\u00edz para bioetanol es un problema importante. La prisa inicial por invertir en plantas de procesamiento y el consiguiente efecto en los mercados de piensos y la inestabilidad de los precios fue un factor importante para avivar el debate sobre \u201calimentos contra combustible\u201d a escala mundial. Aproximadamente 17% de ma\u00edz estadounidense se utiliz\u00f3 para bioetanol en 2008. Para 2013 podr\u00eda ser 25%. Los antagonistas no mencionan a menudo el hecho de que el grano de la destiler\u00eda, una rica fuente de prote\u00edna recuperada de las plantas de bioetanol, contribuye en gran medida a reducir el impacto en los mercados de piensos de ma\u00edz.<\/p>\n
La UE es l\u00edder mundial en la producci\u00f3n de biodi\u00e9sel, principalmente a partir de aceites de colza y girasol. Alemania es, de hecho, el productor n\u00famero uno del mundo. El combustible diesel es m\u00e1s popular en la UE que muchos mercados y con un objetivo de 5.75% de combustibles de transporte provenientes de energ\u00edas renovables para 2010, esto ha llevado a la instalaci\u00f3n de m\u00e1s de 270 plantas en toda la regi\u00f3n. Parte del biodi\u00e9sel seguir\u00e1 procediendo de las importaciones, ya que m\u00e1s de la mitad de la colza ya se utiliza para biodi\u00e9sel. No obstante, se proyecta que se necesitar\u00e1n entre 3 y 4 millones de hect\u00e1reas adicionales.<\/p>\n
China convirti\u00f3 20% de su cosecha de ma\u00edz en bioetanol en 2008. Pero el gobierno chino tiene como objetivo evitar el conflicto con los mercados de piensos y busca desarrollar la yuca como fuente para el futuro.<\/p>\n
El gasto anual estimado en agroqu\u00edmicos para 2013 espec\u00edficamente para cultivos de biocombustible es: US$750 millones en ca\u00f1a de az\u00facar en Brasil, $1.6 mil millones en ma\u00edz en los EE. UU. Y $1.8 mil millones en colza en la UE. Sin embargo, la situaci\u00f3n es bastante din\u00e1mica. Las estimaciones de crecimiento para EE. UU. Se han reducido desde las previsiones realizadas en 2008 debido a la inestabilidad del mercado. Mientras que a finales de 2010, la UE tiene previsto introducir nuevos criterios de sostenibilidad que podr\u00edan afectar la relaci\u00f3n entre el tonelaje de biodi\u00e9sel producido localmente y el importado.<\/p>\n
Pero una cosa est\u00e1 clara: la demanda de cultivos para biocombustibles aumentar\u00e1 durante varios a\u00f1os m\u00e1s y en casi todas las regiones productoras de cultivos del mundo. Muchos pa\u00edses asi\u00e1ticos, aunque comienzan m\u00e1s tarde, muestran todos los signos de recurrir al consumo de biocombustibles y, cuando es posible, a la producci\u00f3n local. Las fuentes no agr\u00edcolas, como el biodi\u00e9sel de algas, parecen alentadoras, pero es demasiado pronto para decir si tendr\u00e1n un impacto significativo y cu\u00e1ndo. <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
A pesar del desarrollo de la producci\u00f3n de biocombustibles de segunda generaci\u00f3n, particularmente en los EE. UU., Ser\u00e1 bioetanol y biodiesel de procesos convencionales ...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":110,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[293],"class_list":["post-19357","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-markets","tag-biofuel"],"yoast_head":"\n
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