{"id":59121,"date":"2017-01-16T11:11:55","date_gmt":"2017-01-16T16:11:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/?p=59121"},"modified":"2019-10-01T09:56:20","modified_gmt":"2019-10-01T13:56:20","slug":"embrapa-bayer-to-map-mechanism-of-soybean-disease-resistance-to-fungicides","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/es\/agrochemicals\/embrapa-bayer-to-map-mechanism-of-soybean-disease-resistance-to-fungicides\/","title":{"rendered":"Embrapa y Bayer mapear\u00e1n el mecanismo de resistencia a los fungicidas de la enfermedad de la soja"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Embrapa,

Roya de la soja; cr\u00e9dito: Mauricio Meyer<\/p><\/div>\n

El bCorporaci\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n Agr\u00edcola de Razilian<\/span> (Embrapa) y Bayer han establecido una alianza para estudiar los mecanismos que hacen que los hongos pat\u00f3genos de la soja pierdan sensibilidad a los productos que se utilizan actualmente en los campos.<\/p>\n

Estimado para durar cinco a\u00f1os, el proyecto de investigaci\u00f3n tiene como objetivo identificar los hongos\u00a0Corynespora cassiicola <\/em>(que causa el punto objetivo) y\u00a0Phakopsora pachyrhizi<\/em> (responsable de la roya de la soja asi\u00e1tica) resistencia a los fungicidas disponibles en el mercado. \u201cQueremos entender c\u00f3mo y d\u00f3nde se produce la resistencia en dichos hongos, y as\u00ed adoptar acciones preventivas antirresistencia\u201d, explica el investigador de Embrapa Soja Maur\u00edcio Meyer.<\/p>\n

Uno de los principales objetivos de la asociaci\u00f3n es participar en el esfuerzo de secuenciar el genoma del hongo de la roya de la soja asi\u00e1tica, que est\u00e1 siendo liderado por un consorcio internacional que incluye a Embrapa, Bayer y otras instituciones de investigaci\u00f3n de Alemania, Francia y Estados Unidos. Estados. Basado en los datos generados por el P. pachyrhizi\u00a0<\/em>secuenciaci\u00f3n del genoma, el proyecto se va a desarrollar en dos frentes de investigaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

Por un lado, la investigaci\u00f3n quiere conocer los mecanismos de mutaci\u00f3n gen\u00e9tica del hongo que provocan p\u00e9rdida de sensibilidad y resistencia a los principales grupos de fungicidas utilizados para el control de la enfermedad. En la otra secci\u00f3n del estudio, la idea es identificar regiones del genoma del hongo asociadas con su virulencia vegetal, y los resultados podr\u00edan ayudar al desarrollo de variedades asi\u00e1ticas resistentes a la roya de la soja.<\/p>\n

\u201cTendremos cinco a\u00f1os para comprender mejor los mecanismos de resistencia a los fungicidas a trav\u00e9s del mapeo gen\u00e9tico de los hongos. Con el genoma en la mano, seremos capaces de comprender c\u00f3mo se produce la p\u00e9rdida de sensibilidad, anticiparnos a las estrategias de manejo de la resistencia y desarrollar soluciones de control m\u00e1s eficientes \u201d, explica el gerente de Desarrollo de Fungicidas Avanzados de Bayer, Rog\u00e9rio Bortolan.<\/p>\n

La secuenciaci\u00f3n gen\u00e9tica de P. pachyrhizi<\/em> es un gran desaf\u00edo que debe afrontar el proyecto, considerando el tama\u00f1o y la complejidad de su genoma. Al menos un intento previo de secuenciar y ensamblar el genoma f\u00fangico ha fallado. \u201cSin embargo, para avanzar en el desarrollo de nuevas herramientas para el control de la oxidaci\u00f3n en Asia, la secuenciaci\u00f3n es fundamental\u201d, enfatiza Meyer.<\/p>\n

El estudio se basar\u00e1 en una muestra est\u00e1ndar del hongo que posiblemente haya sufrido pocas mutaciones ya que no estuvo expuesto a muchas aplicaciones sucesivas de fungicidas. Luego se realizar\u00e1 una resecuenciaci\u00f3n de aislamientos (partes del genoma del hongo) recolectados en Brasil y en otros pa\u00edses a lo largo de la \u00faltima d\u00e9cada que tienen diferentes perfiles de virulencia y sensibilidad a los fungicidas, debido a su contacto constante con dichos productos.<\/p>\n

\u201cAl obtener el genoma de referencia del hongo seguido de la resecuenciaci\u00f3n de diferentes aislamientos, esperamos descifrar su biolog\u00eda y comprender la compleja interacci\u00f3n con las plantas hospedantes, y tambi\u00e9n ampliar nuestra comprensi\u00f3n de su adaptabilidad, evoluci\u00f3n y diversidad gen\u00e9tica\u201d, explica el investigador. de Embrapa Soybean Francismar Marcelino. Los resultados obtenidos ser\u00e1n publicados y beneficiar\u00e1n a toda la cadena productiva de la soja.<\/p>\n

El proyecto tambi\u00e9n pretende estudiar los cambios que se produjeron en el C. cassiicola<\/em> y\u00a0P. pachyrhizi\u00a0<\/em>hongos debido a su exposici\u00f3n a diferentes grupos de fungicidas. <\/em>Para ello, se comparar\u00e1 la sensibilidad de los hongos oponiendo poblaciones que no sufrieron mutaciones gen\u00e9ticas o que sufrieron pocas mutaciones gen\u00e9ticas con aquellas que sufrieron presi\u00f3n de selecci\u00f3n por una mayor exposici\u00f3n a los fungicidas aplicados al cultivo en el transcurso de los \u00faltimos 10 a\u00f1os. \u201cEntonces tendremos par\u00e1metros para identificar y monitorear el desarrollo de resistencia a fungicidas, y para verificar si se est\u00e1n produciendo nuevas mutaciones\u201d, dice Meyer.<\/p>\n

La \u00faltima etapa del estudio incluye el mapeo de \u00e1reas productoras de soja brasile\u00f1as con riesgo potencial de desarrollar resistencia a fungicidas. \u201cSi el estudio identifica que la frecuencia de mutaciones gen\u00e9ticas f\u00fangicas aument\u00f3 mucho en una regi\u00f3n determinada, eso es un indicador de que la presi\u00f3n para ese grupo de fungicidas es mayor en la regi\u00f3n en cuesti\u00f3n. Ser\u00e1 una se\u00f1al de advertencia para anticipar la adopci\u00f3n de medidas anti-resistencia y evitar la p\u00e9rdida de eficiencia del producto \u201d, dice. La necesidad de cambiar la estrategia de control qu\u00edmico a la luz de la realidad de cada regi\u00f3n es una forma de preservar los fungicidas, ya que hay pocas perspectivas de lanzar nuevos productos al mercado en los pr\u00f3ximos a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n

Seg\u00fan el jefe de Desarrollo Agron\u00f3mico de Bayer, Bernard Jacqmin, el estudio allana el camino para resolver un gran desaf\u00edo de la industria: asegurar la sostenibilidad de las herramientas existentes para el control de enfermedades de la soja. \u201cEsta cooperaci\u00f3n con Embrapa ser\u00e1 esencial para promover el estudio de la gen\u00e9tica de los hongos y la comprensi\u00f3n de c\u00f3mo se desarrolla la resistencia despu\u00e9s de repetidas aplicaciones de fungicidas. El recurso a una instituci\u00f3n como Embrapa le da respaldo a Bayer para presentar las recomendaciones derivadas de la investigaci\u00f3n al sector ya los agricultores, especialmente a la hora de implementarlas en el campo \u201d, concluye.<\/p>\n

Entendiendo la roya de la soja<\/strong><\/p>\n

La roya asi\u00e1tica de la soja, la enfermedad m\u00e1s grave para el cultivo, se identific\u00f3 en Brasil en la cosecha 2001\/2002. La enfermedad provoca una defoliaci\u00f3n temprana y compromete la formaci\u00f3n y desarrollo de las vainas y del peso final del grano. Por tanto, puede da\u00f1ar hasta 100% del rendimiento si no se gestiona adecuadamente. El costo promedio de la roya (gastos con fungicidas para control + p\u00e9rdidas de producci\u00f3n) es $2 mil millones por cosecha en Brasil.<\/p>\n

El control de enfermedades se ha centrado principalmente en el control qu\u00edmico. A pesar del aporte de tres grupos de fungicidas en el mercado, el Consorcio Antirust ha observado una reducci\u00f3n en la eficiencia de estos productos desde la cosecha 2007\/2008, debido a la mayor frecuencia de mutaciones que reducen la eficiencia de control. La resistencia de los hongos a los fungicidas es un proceso natural. No obstante, la vida \u00fatil de los productos qu\u00edmicos se puede extender con su uso racional, estrategias anti-resistencia y la adopci\u00f3n de mejores pr\u00e1cticas.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Corporaci\u00f3n Brasile\u00f1a de Investigaci\u00f3n Agropecuaria (Embrapa) y Bayer han establecido una alianza para estudiar los mecanismos que causan la soja pat\u00f3gena ...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":72,"featured_media":59122,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,26,18],"tags":[115,598,554,1599],"class_list":["post-59121","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agrochemicals","category-americas","category-fungicides","tag-bayer","tag-brazil","tag-featured","tag-resistance-management"],"yoast_head":"\nEmbrapa, Bayer to Map Mechanism of Soybean Disease Resistance to Fungicides - AgriBusiness Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) and Bayer have established a partnership to study the mechanisms that cause soybean pathogenic\" 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