{"id":67456,"date":"2021-06-28T16:13:23","date_gmt":"2021-06-28T20:13:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/?p=67456"},"modified":"2021-06-22T15:47:49","modified_gmt":"2021-06-22T19:47:49","slug":"invasive-species-in-africa-offer-opportunities-for-pesticide-manufacturers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/es\/markets\/africa-middle-east\/invasive-species-in-africa-offer-opportunities-for-pesticide-manufacturers\/","title":{"rendered":"Las especies invasoras en \u00c1frica ofrecen oportunidades para los fabricantes de plaguicidas"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c1frica subsahariana est\u00e1 emergiendo r\u00e1pidamente como un mercado importante para las empresas de protecci\u00f3n de cultivos a medida que el creciente problema de las especies ex\u00f3ticas invasoras se convierte en la \u00faltima amenaza para la seguridad alimentaria y la agricultura sostenible.<\/p>\n

En los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os, la regi\u00f3n ha sido testigo de un aumento significativo de especies invasoras, incluidas plagas, plantas, hongos y microbios que migran de otros ecosistemas y que han establecido nuevos caldos de reproducci\u00f3n en el continente y se est\u00e1n extendiendo r\u00e1pidamente.<\/p>\n

Los investigadores estiman que se han introducido 480.000 especies invasoras en diferentes ecosistemas a nivel mundial y que su distribuci\u00f3n geogr\u00e1fica y su impacto aumentan debido al cambio clim\u00e1tico, el comercio y el turismo. En todo el mundo, alrededor del 40% de las p\u00e9rdidas de rendimiento de los cultivos se deben a ataques de plagas y enfermedades.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

En el \u00c1frica subsahariana, donde un tercio de la poblaci\u00f3n a\u00fan enfrenta amenazas de inseguridad alimentaria, las especies invasoras est\u00e1n en aumento y cuestan a los gobiernos y agricultores miles de millones cada a\u00f1o en t\u00e9rminos de costos de impacto y control debido a la disminuci\u00f3n de los rendimientos de los cultivos en algunos casos por m\u00e1s de 85%, impacto en los pastos naturales que sustentan el ganado y tambi\u00e9n en los recursos h\u00eddricos.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u00c1frica es actualmente muy vulnerable a las invasiones de plantas y animales debido al aumento de los viajes y el comercio transfronterizos. La situaci\u00f3n se ve agravada por la debilidad de los sistemas fitosanitarios en la mayor\u00eda de los pa\u00edses del continente \u201d, dice el Dr. Harun Muthuri, investigador de El Instituto Internacional de Agricultura Tropical<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Invasiones recientes como la gusano cogollero<\/a>, langostas del desierto<\/a>, minador de la hoja del tomate, mosca asi\u00e1tica de la fruta, chinche harinosa de la yuca, marchitez por Fusarium o enfermedad de Panam\u00e1 de los bananos, necrosis letal del ma\u00edz, barrenadores grandes de los granos, nematodos del quiste de la papa, roya de la soja y prosopis<\/em> juliflora<\/em> entre otros, est\u00e1n afectando negativamente y causando p\u00e9rdidas masivas, especialmente a los peque\u00f1os agricultores.<\/p>\n

Se estima, por ejemplo, que la invasi\u00f3n del gusano cogollero, cuyo origen es de Am\u00e9rica a \u00c1frica, causa una p\u00e9rdida anual de rendimiento de 4 millones a 17,7 millones de toneladas de ma\u00edz solo, con p\u00e9rdidas acumuladas incluso en otros cultivos estimadas en $3 mil millones al a\u00f1o.<\/p>\n

En el caso de las langostas del desierto que han estado devastando los pa\u00edses de \u00c1frica oriental, estimaciones conservadoras muestran que las p\u00e9rdidas relacionadas con las plagas, incluidos los cultivos b\u00e1sicos, la producci\u00f3n ganadera y los da\u00f1os a los activos, est\u00e1n en el rango de $8,5 mil millones.<\/p>\n

Solo en Sud\u00e1frica, las p\u00e9rdidas econ\u00f3micas asociadas con las especies invasoras se estiman en $14 millones anuales para recreaci\u00f3n y turismo, $1.4 millones en recursos h\u00eddricos y aproximadamente $52 por hect\u00e1rea en servicios de polinizaci\u00f3n perdidos.<\/p>\n

Las estimaciones de los impactos econ\u00f3micos de cinco especies invasoras importantes en la producci\u00f3n de sistemas mixtos de cultivo de ma\u00edz de peque\u00f1os agricultores en seis pa\u00edses de \u00c1frica oriental, a saber, Etiop\u00eda, Kenia, Malawi, Ruanda, Tanzania y Uganda, indicaron p\u00e9rdidas anuales combinadas actuales de $900 a $1.100 millones con el futuro. p\u00e9rdidas anuales proyectadas en $1 mil millones a $1.2 mil millones en los pr\u00f3ximos cinco a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n

El creciente problema de las especies invasoras ha obligado a los agricultores a buscar soluciones r\u00e1pidas, principalmente mediante el uso de productos qu\u00edmicos sint\u00e9ticos, incluso cuando los gobiernos y los expertos agr\u00edcolas tratan de desarrollar estrategias y planes de acci\u00f3n para soluciones a largo plazo y buscan recursos para aumentar la inversi\u00f3n en la lucha contra la especie. .<\/p>\n

\u201cEl uso de plaguicidas es todav\u00eda bastante bajo en \u00c1frica en comparaci\u00f3n con el resto del mundo, pero se espera que crezca exponencialmente a medida que lleguen m\u00e1s plagas al continente. Los agricultores quieren una soluci\u00f3n a corto plazo para sus problemas de plagas, una soluci\u00f3n r\u00e1pida, raz\u00f3n por la cual tienden a usar productos qu\u00edmicos \u201d, dice el Dr. Arne Witt, Coordinador Regional de Especies Invasoras para el Centro de Agricultura y Biociencias Internacional<\/a> (CABI).<\/p>\n

Actualmente, el uso de plaguicidas en \u00c1frica representa solo el 4% del mercado mundial de plaguicidas con una estimaci\u00f3n aproximada de 75.000 a 100.000 toneladas de ingrediente activo de plaguicidas utilizadas por a\u00f1o en el continente en comparaci\u00f3n con alrededor de 350.000 toneladas en Europa.<\/p>\n

En \u00c1frica, el uso promedio de plaguicidas por hect\u00e1rea de tierra cultivada es muy bajo, 1,23 kilogramos por hect\u00e1rea, en comparaci\u00f3n con 7,17 por kilogramo y 3,12 por kilogramo en Am\u00e9rica Latina y Asia, respectivamente.<\/p>\n

Seg\u00fan el Dr. Muthuri, las empresas de protecci\u00f3n de cultivos deben estar a la vanguardia para abordar el problema de las especies invasoras porque la mayor\u00eda son dif\u00edciles de controlar debido al hecho de que generalmente no hay agentes biol\u00f3gicos o qu\u00edmicos disponibles en el momento de la invasi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n

\u201cLos investigadores tienen la oportunidad de desarrollar medidas de control como el control biol\u00f3gico o productos qu\u00edmicos que sean efectivos contra dichas especies\u201d, afirma.<\/p>\n

Muthuri agrega que \u00c1frica subsahariana est\u00e1 registrando un aumento sustancial en el uso de pesticidas contra especies invasoras, particularmente porque algunas de las opciones de control biol\u00f3gico son m\u00e1s lentas en causar mortalidad.<\/p>\n

\u201cEn muchos casos, los productos qu\u00edmicos son la \u00fanica opci\u00f3n disponible para el manejo de las especies invasoras\u201d, dice.<\/p>\n

Seg\u00fan una investigaci\u00f3n de CABI, para abordar eficazmente la amenaza de las especies invasoras en el \u00c1frica subsahariana, se debe adoptar urgentemente un cambio en la estrategia de una intervenci\u00f3n reactiva a una m\u00e1s proactiva basada en el enfoque de prevenci\u00f3n en tres etapas reconocido internacionalmente, la detecci\u00f3n temprana. , y control.<\/p>\n

\u201cLos gobiernos deben mejorar sus sistemas de bioseguridad para prevenir la introducci\u00f3n de plagas en primer lugar considerando que se est\u00e1n introduciendo demasiadas plagas accidentalmente\u201d, observa el Dr. Witt.<\/p>\n

Si bien las especies invasoras han provocado un aumento en el uso de productos qu\u00edmicos, que ha aumentado hasta en un 60% en algunos pa\u00edses, especialmente entre los agricultores que luchan contra el gusano cogollero y en un 80% entre las comunidades que luchan contra las langostas, los fabricantes de productos qu\u00edmicos se enfrentan al desaf\u00edo de mantener el ritmo. con plagas y malezas que desarrollan resistencia.<\/p>\n

\u201cEl uso excesivo de productos qu\u00edmicos a menudo conduce a la resistencia, algo que ha obligado a los agroqu\u00edmicos a ser proactivos para educar a los agricultores sobre el uso adecuado e invertir en investigaci\u00f3n y desarrollo para adelantarse a las plagas\u201d, explica Andrew Nguyo, agr\u00f3nomo senior de Amiran Kenia.<\/p>\n

Para el \u00c1frica subsahariana, los expertos creen que el problema de las especies invasoras empeorar\u00e1 a medida que los impactos del cambio clim\u00e1tico se vuelvan m\u00e1s severos, un desarrollo que pone los medios de vida de millones de personas, particularmente las poblaciones rurales que dependen de la agricultura, la ganader\u00eda y la pesca para supervivencia en riesgo.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Para el \u00c1frica subsahariana, los expertos creen que el problema de las especies invasoras est\u00e1 destinado a empeorar.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":112,"featured_media":65561,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[25,5],"tags":[54],"class_list":["post-67456","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-africa-middle-east","category-markets","tag-featured-home"],"yoast_head":"\nInvasive Species in Africa Offer Opportunities for Pesticide Manufacturers - AgriBusiness Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"For sub-Saharan Africa, experts believe the problem of invasive species is bound to get worse.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/es\/markets\/africa-middle-east\/invasive-species-in-africa-offer-opportunities-for-pesticide-manufacturers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_MX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Invasive Species in Africa Offer Opportunities for Pesticide Manufacturers - 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