{"id":67876,"date":"2021-09-01T10:30:44","date_gmt":"2021-09-01T14:30:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/?p=67876"},"modified":"2021-09-13T10:58:36","modified_gmt":"2021-09-13T14:58:36","slug":"devastating-drought-drives-search-for-water-efficiency-in-u-s-farming","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/es\/sustainability\/devastating-drought-drives-search-for-water-efficiency-in-u-s-farming\/","title":{"rendered":"Las devastadoras sequ\u00edas impulsan la b\u00fasqueda de la eficiencia del agua en la agricultura de EE. UU."},"content":{"rendered":"

Con el empeoramiento de la sequ\u00eda en las llanuras y el oeste de EE. UU., Los reguladores de California planeaban votar sobre una orden de 'reducci\u00f3n de emergencia'<\/a> en agosto, eso evitar\u00eda que miles de agricultores saquen agua de los principales r\u00edos y arroyos del estado. Combinado con el hecho de que se est\u00e1 extrayendo agua del Acu\u00edfero Ogallala-High Plains, uno de los recursos de agua subterr\u00e1nea m\u00e1s grandes del mundo, m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido de lo que la lluvia y la nieve pueden recargarla, se est\u00e1 gestando una tormenta masiva para los agricultores. En pocas palabras, la situaci\u00f3n actual con respecto a la disponibilidad de agua se ha vuelto insostenible.<\/p>\n

Como cualquier agricultor sabe, el agua es el elemento vital de la agricultura y uno de los problemas m\u00e1s importantes a los que se enfrentan. Sin agua, habr\u00e1 muy poco, si es que hay algo, que pueda transmitirse a la siguiente generaci\u00f3n desde una perspectiva agr\u00edcola. La sequ\u00eda en California de 2012 a 2016 oblig\u00f3 a los agricultores a plantearse las dif\u00edciles preguntas sobre la sostenibilidad de las pr\u00e1cticas h\u00eddricas. Les abri\u00f3 los ojos para ser m\u00e1s creativos y adoptar nuevas ideas y tecnolog\u00edas, incluidas qu\u00edmicas innovadoras, cuando se esfuerzan por ser m\u00e1s eficientes en el uso del agua.<\/p>\n

Lecciones de sequ\u00eda<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Se aprendieron lecciones duras durante este tiempo, especialmente para una comunidad agr\u00edcola que ve a los agricultores diferir significativamente en las mejores pr\u00e1cticas que adoptan. Algunos son m\u00e1s progresistas, mientras que otros se mantienen firmes al pensar que prevalecer\u00e1n las antiguas pr\u00e1cticas agr\u00edcolas. Pero la sequ\u00eda de cinco a\u00f1os incluso empuj\u00f3 a estos agricultores a comenzar a pensar de manera diferente y adoptar peque\u00f1os cambios, a menudo impulsados por avances tecnol\u00f3gicos, para ayudar a conservar el agua en la medida de lo posible. Una nueva generaci\u00f3n de agr\u00f3nomos que est\u00e1 comenzando a apoderarse de la industria incita a\u00fan m\u00e1s al cambio. Hoy en d\u00eda, los agricultores progresistas est\u00e1n liderando el camino, utilizando los avances tecnol\u00f3gicos para optimizar mejor el agua asignada.<\/p>\n

Contribuir a este nuevo estado del medio ambiente es la Ley de gesti\u00f3n sostenible de aguas subterr\u00e1neas (SGMA)<\/a> que se firm\u00f3 en la ley de California en 2014. Si bien contin\u00faa el debate sobre la mejor manera de implementar esto, es probable que los efectos reales se desarrollen en los pr\u00f3ximos cuatro a\u00f1os. La cruda realidad es que el gobierno comenzar\u00e1 a decirles a los agricultores cu\u00e1nta agua pueden bombear del suelo de una manera que esperan garantizar\u00e1 la calidad del agua y la sostenibilidad de la tierra.<\/p>\n

Desafortunadamente, los productores han tenido poca participaci\u00f3n en la legislaci\u00f3n. Para complicar las cosas, es dif\u00edcil para los agricultores ponerse de acuerdo sobre lo que constituyen las mejores pr\u00e1cticas y lo que se debe hacer desde una perspectiva de longevidad con respecto al uso del agua. La realidad es que con la SGMA en su lugar, potencialmente 30% de acres cultivables quedar\u00e1n sin sembrar. Y aunque los agricultores m\u00e1s cercanos a las monta\u00f1as estar\u00e1n un poco mejor que los que est\u00e1n m\u00e1s lejos, las restricciones de agua dar\u00e1n como resultado la transformaci\u00f3n de un sector que es fundamental para la producci\u00f3n de alimentos, tanto ahora como en el futuro.<\/p>\n

Tiempos desafiantes<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Seg\u00fan la Sistemas nacionales integrados de informaci\u00f3n sobre sequ\u00edas<\/a>, al 27 de julio de 2021, 37% de todo EE. UU. est\u00e1 experimentando sequ\u00eda. Una sequ\u00eda tan severa hace que las agencias gubernamentales equilibren las restricciones sobre el uso del agua por parte de la agricultura para evitar que las cuencas de agua se sequen. Y para California, dado que todo el estado se encuentra ahora oficialmente en una sequ\u00eda, tambi\u00e9n se est\u00e1n restringiendo las desviaciones de agua de otros suministros.<\/p>\n

Quienes est\u00e1n fuera del mundo de la agricultura no comprenden completamente los problemas en juego. Muchos saben lo suficiente como para simpatizar con la lucha que enfrentan los agricultores para obtener agua, pero otros ni siquiera saben de d\u00f3nde provienen sus alimentos. Aunque el impacto lento de todo esto no resultar\u00e1 en un impacto econ\u00f3mico inmediato, lamentablemente, podr\u00eda resultar en que m\u00e1s y m\u00e1s granjas se vuelvan insostenibles. Menos granjas equivaldr\u00e1n a menos comida, disminuyendo lentamente hasta llegar a un punto sin retorno, si las cosas no mejoran r\u00e1pidamente. Aqu\u00ed es donde la tecnolog\u00eda se convierte en un habilitador cr\u00edtico para marcar una diferencia significativa en el \u00e9xito a largo plazo de estas granjas.<\/p>\n

Esperanza a trav\u00e9s de la tecnolog\u00eda<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Como suele ocurrir, los desaf\u00edos generan nuevas soluciones, que incluyen tanto nuevas tecnolog\u00edas como nuevas formas de utilizar las tecnolog\u00edas existentes. Por ejemplo, otros productos como los tensioactivos del suelo, que antes utilizaban solo los agricultores m\u00e1s progresistas, ahora est\u00e1n siendo considerados por otros, incluidos los agricultores con cultivos de alto valor y grandes instalaciones agr\u00edcolas. Agr\u00f3nomos, destacados expertos universitarios y algunos agricultores contin\u00faan realizando sus propias investigaciones para comprender c\u00f3mo los surfactantes del suelo pueden ayudar a garantizar la m\u00e1xima absorci\u00f3n de agua en suelos hidrof\u00f3bicos al promover la penetraci\u00f3n uniforme y el movimiento lateral del agua y los fertilizantes a trav\u00e9s de todos los tipos de suelo. Sus pruebas han demostrado que los surfactantes del suelo brindan m\u00e1s flexibilidad con los sistemas de rociadores donde los agricultores ahora pueden proporcionar la cantidad exacta de agua que requiere un cultivo en lugar del sistema de inundaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s tradicional.<\/p>\n

Otro ejemplo es la desalinizaci\u00f3n para el tratamiento del agua, utilizando tecnolog\u00eda de Israel altamente avanzada y eficiente en el uso del agua. Si bien esta tecnolog\u00eda es muy eficaz, tambi\u00e9n tiene un precio elevado. Por lo tanto, la adopci\u00f3n ser\u00e1 un proceso lento, especialmente al considerar la rentabilidad.<\/p>\n

Gran parte del futuro de la agricultura depender\u00e1 de aquellos que son apasionados y quieren ver un cambio positivo y sostenible. Hay agricultores, agr\u00f3nomos e incluso empresas centradas en la agricultura que buscan adoptar la innovaci\u00f3n que, si bien es diferente, a veces a\u00fan puede basarse en el pasado. Con la reducci\u00f3n de la superficie y la presi\u00f3n adicional para producir m\u00e1s alimentos para una poblaci\u00f3n en crecimiento, innovar y adoptar esas innovaciones ser\u00e1 la piedra angular del futuro de la agricultura.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El futuro de la agricultura depender\u00e1 de aquellos que son apasionados y quieren ver un cambio positivo y sostenible adoptando la tecnolog\u00eda.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":110,"featured_media":53380,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1848,1846],"tags":[554],"class_list":["post-67876","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-executive-outlook","category-sustainability","tag-featured"],"yoast_head":"\nDevastating Drought Drives Search for Water Efficiency in U.S. Farming - AgriBusiness Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The future of farming will come down to those who are passionate and want to see positive, sustainable change by embracing technology.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/es\/sustainability\/devastating-drought-drives-search-for-water-efficiency-in-u-s-farming\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_MX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Devastating Drought Drives Search for Water Efficiency in U.S. Farming - 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