{"id":68279,"date":"2021-11-22T07:33:32","date_gmt":"2021-11-22T12:33:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/?p=68279"},"modified":"2021-11-22T12:34:10","modified_gmt":"2021-11-22T17:34:10","slug":"detecting-the-disease-resistance-of-a-plant-when-it-is-only-a-seed","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/es\/agrochemicals\/seeds-traits\/detecting-the-disease-resistance-of-a-plant-when-it-is-only-a-seed\/","title":{"rendered":"Detecci\u00f3n de la resistencia a enfermedades de una planta cuando es solo una semilla"},"content":{"rendered":"

En el viaje, a veces confuso, de seguir los rasgos gen\u00e9ticos para producir plantas resistentes, un gen recientemente identificado ilumina el camino hacia la resistencia natural de la soya a una enfermedad devastadora.<\/p>\n

La Universidad de Purdue anunci\u00f3 una asociaci\u00f3n acad\u00e9mico-industrial con Corteva Agriscience el jueves (18 de noviembre), lo que result\u00f3 en la identificaci\u00f3n de un gen individual responsable de la resistencia a Phytophthora para que los fitomejoradores puedan detectar f\u00e1cilmente qu\u00e9 plantas portan el rasgo.<\/p>\n

\u201cSolo se necesita una peque\u00f1a muestra de ADN para una prueba con un marcador molecular, por lo que incluso las semillas pueden verificarse f\u00e1cilmente para detectar la resistencia a esta enfermedad\u201d, dijo. Jianxin Ma<\/a>, profesor de\u00a0agronom\u00eda<\/a>\u00a0en el Purdue College of Agriculture, quien dirigi\u00f3 el equipo. \u201cNo tenemos que esperar a que una planta crezca para ver si tiene esta caracter\u00edstica o desperdiciar recursos criando plantas sin ella. Este mejoramiento de precisi\u00f3n acelera la velocidad a la que se puede poner en manos de los agricultores un cultivo nuevo y robusto\u201d.<\/p>\n

El gen, denominado Rps11, confiere resistencia de amplio espectro al pat\u00f3geno. El equipo identific\u00f3 y clon\u00f3 el gen, un paso fundamental para crear marcadores moleculares que detecten con precisi\u00f3n la presencia del gen, el mismo principio utilizado en las pruebas de COVID-19. Nature Communications public\u00f3 un papel<\/a> detallando el trabajo del equipo.<\/p>\n

Phytophthora es un moho responsable de la pudrici\u00f3n de la ra\u00edz y el tallo que puede devastar los campos de soja y cuesta a los agricultores anualmente m\u00e1s de $1 mil millones en todo el mundo. Al igual que los hongos y otros pat\u00f3genos, el moho del suelo ha evolucionado con el tiempo y la resistencia de las l\u00edneas de soya existentes est\u00e1 disminuyendo, dijo Ma, quien tambi\u00e9n forma parte de Los pr\u00f3ximos movimientos de Purdue<\/a> en ciencias de las plantas y miembro de la universidad\u00a0Centro de Biolog\u00eda Vegetal<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"ma-soybean<\/a>

Jianxin Ma, profesor de agronom\u00eda en la Universidad de Purdue, sostiene las hojas de una planta de soja. Detr\u00e1s de Ma, de izquierda a derecha, est\u00e1n los estudiantes Weidong Wang, Chance Clark y Dominic Provancal. Ma est\u00e1 trabajando para mejorar las plantas de soya como parte de la iniciativa cient\u00edfica de plantas Next Moves de Purdue. Cr\u00e9dito de la foto: Universidad de Purdue \/ Tom Campbell<\/p><\/div>\n

\u201cEste pat\u00f3geno es dif\u00edcil de manejar con fungicidas, que adem\u00e1s son costosos y tienen un impacto ambiental potencial\u201d, dijo. \u201cLa resistencia gen\u00e9tica es la mejor forma de prevenirla. Adem\u00e1s de Rps11, la colaboraci\u00f3n ha dado como resultado la identificaci\u00f3n de tres genes m\u00e1s, que tambi\u00e9n confieren una excelente resistencia al pat\u00f3geno, que esperamos poder clonar tambi\u00e9n\u201d.<\/p>\n

"Corteva Agriscience se complace en colaborar con la Universidad de Purdue para desarrollar soluciones potenciales para nuestros clientes agricultores", dijo Jeff Thompson, l\u00edder mundial de soja de Corteva. "Esto se alinea bien con nuestro inter\u00e9s en trabajar con universidades de concesi\u00f3n de tierras en la creaci\u00f3n de soluciones innovadoras para proteger nuestra cosecha de soja de plagas y enfermedades".<\/p>\n

Corteva proporcion\u00f3 acceso a una instalaci\u00f3n de \u00faltima generaci\u00f3n y colaboraci\u00f3n con los mejores cient\u00edficos, dijo Ma. El equipo del proyecto utiliz\u00f3 las tecnolog\u00edas de genotipado y secuenciaci\u00f3n de alto rendimiento de la empresa para identificar un nuevo gen responsable de la resistencia a Phytophthora. La colaboraci\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n proporcion\u00f3 una plataforma de capacitaci\u00f3n y experiencia de investigaci\u00f3n avanzada para estudiantes de pregrado y posgrado en Purdue a trav\u00e9s de la interacci\u00f3n directa con los cient\u00edficos de Corteva.<\/p>\n

El gen Rps11 se encuentra en una regi\u00f3n compleja del genoma. Esta regi\u00f3n porta una docena de genes que son estructuralmente similares a Rps11, pero funcionalmente distintos. Y el n\u00famero de dichos genes en la regi\u00f3n var\u00eda entre las variedades de plantas de cinco a 23, lo que dificulta encontrar Rps11.<\/p>\n

\u201cSi solo hubi\u00e9ramos confiado en los genomas de referencia de soja disponibles p\u00fablicamente, no habr\u00edamos capturado Rps11\u201d, dijo Ma. \u201cLa regi\u00f3n est\u00e1 presente en esos genomas, pero no est\u00e1 la contraparte del gen que da la resistencia. Por lo tanto, tuvimos que decodificar toda la regi\u00f3n en la l\u00ednea donante Rps11 y no podr\u00edamos haberlo hecho sin el equipo y la experiencia de Corteva\u201d.<\/p>\n

Guiado por la secuencia completa de la regi\u00f3n, el equipo pudo dise\u00f1ar un conjunto de marcadores de ADN para el genotipado de alto rendimiento de m\u00e1s de 17,000 plantas individuales en cuesti\u00f3n de unos pocos meses para finalmente identificar el gen, dijo.<\/p>\n

El equipo de investigaci\u00f3n espera poder hacer lo mismo con los otros tres genes que identificaron, dijo.<\/p>\n

\u201cSi las plantas se pueden criar con m\u00faltiples genes que confieren resistencia a las enfermedades, tendr\u00edan capas de protecci\u00f3n\u201d, dijo Ma. \u201cTambi\u00e9n planeamos explorar c\u00f3mo la variaci\u00f3n estructural de esta regi\u00f3n gen\u00f3mica dio lugar a la resistencia, para comprender y posiblemente mejorar la resistencia a enfermedades de otras maneras. Queremos proporcionar tantas herramientas como podamos para una agricultura sostenible\u201d.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Una asociaci\u00f3n entre la Universidad de Purdue y Corteva ha dado como resultado la identificaci\u00f3n de un gen individual responsable de la resistencia a Phytophthora para que los fitomejoradores puedan detectar f\u00e1cilmente qu\u00e9 plantas portan el rasgo.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":110,"featured_media":68280,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-68279","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-seeds-traits"],"yoast_head":"\nDetecting the Disease Resistance of a Plant When It is Only a Seed - AgriBusiness Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A partnership between Purdue University and Corteva has resulted in the identification of an individual gene responsible for Phytophthora resistance so plant breeders can easily detect which plants carry the trait.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/es\/agrochemicals\/seeds-traits\/detecting-the-disease-resistance-of-a-plant-when-it-is-only-a-seed\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_MX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Detecting the Disease Resistance of a Plant When It is Only a Seed - 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