{"id":7073,"date":"2009-02-10T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2009-02-10T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.farmchemicalsinternational.com\/2009\/02\/10\/federal-hazardous-materials-transportation-law\/"},"modified":"2019-09-16T13:47:32","modified_gmt":"2019-09-16T17:47:32","slug":"federal-hazardous-materials-transportation-law","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/es\/industry-news\/federal-hazardous-materials-transportation-law\/","title":{"rendered":"Ley Federal de Transporte de Materiales Peligrosos"},"content":{"rendered":"

The Department of Transportation <\/a>(DOT) is authorized under the Federal Hazardous Materials Transportation Law to regulate the shipment of hazardous materials in commerce. It applies whether motor vehicle, rail car, aircraft, or vessel are used to make the shipments. The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration <\/a>(PHMSA), formerly known as Research and Special Programs Administration<\/a> (RSPA), is responsible for promulgating, administering, enforcing, and interpreting hazardous materials regulations. The Office of Hazardous Materials Safety <\/a>(OHMS) within PHMSA is in charge of writing regulations, granting exemptions, providing interpretations and enforcement. The hazardous materials transportation regulations issued by PHMSA are found in 49 CFR 100-180 and apply only to hazardous materials — materials that when offered for transportation, can pose an unreasonable risk to health, safety, and property.<\/p>\n

No person may offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless they are trained and the material is properly classified, described, packaged, marked, labeled, placarded, and in proper condition for shipment.<\/p>\n

The Department of Transportation Hazardous Materials Regulations are based upon the UN Committee of Experts’ Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Model Regulations. A package must pass specific tests such as the hydrostatic pressure test, the stacking test, the drop test and the leakproofness test, depending on the hazard class and packing group assigned. All packages must be capable of passing a vibration test. Adoption of the UN-based system causes domestic transportation regulations to be better aligned with those used by most other nations.<\/p>\n

Hazardous materials include:<\/p>\n

1. <\/strong>Materials listed by name in 49 CFR Section 172.101, the Hazardous Materials Table.
\n2.<\/strong> Materials that are not specifically listed by name in the Hazardous Materials Table, but meet one or more of the DOT hazard class definitions.
\n3. <\/strong>Hazardous substances under the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act <\/a>(CERCLA). These substances (as listed in Appendix A to 49 CFR Table 172.101) are hazardous materials when a designated weight, the reportable quantity (RQ), is present in one package as a pure substance, or as part of a mixture or solution at or above certain specific concentrations.
\n4. <\/strong>Marine pollutants. These materials (as listed in Appendix B to 49 CFR 172.101) are hazardous in bulk packages, or in non-bulk packages transported by vessel, in a concentration greater than or equal to:<\/p>\n

a. 10% by weight for most of the materials listed; or
\nb. 1% by weight for materials identified as several marine pollutants.<\/p>\n

5. <\/strong>Hazardous wastes that are subject to U.S. EPA<\/a>’s Hazardous Waste Manifest requirements.<\/p>\n

The “Hazardous Materials Table,” consists of 10 columns. The table provides the shipping name, class or division number, label(s) and identification number for each entry. It also provides information regarding the applicability of the entry to specific modes of transport; whether the entry applies to domestic only or to both domestic and international transport; packing group assignment; special provisions (including packaging provisions, prohibitions, mode specific requirements, etc.); packaging authorizations; quantity limitations for various modes of transport; and vessel stowage requirements.<\/p>\n

Hazard Class Definitions<\/p>\n

There are nine hazard classes, some with divisions. Three packing groups represent the degree of danger within most classes or divisions: Packing Group (PG) I, great danger; PG II, moderate danger; PG III, minor danger. A precedence of hazard table in 49 CFR 173.2a is used to determine the hazard class for materials that meet the definition of more than one class.<\/p>\n

Class 1 – Explosives<\/strong>, is separated into six divisions.
\nClass 2 – Gases<\/strong>, has three divisions: Division 2.1, flammable gases; Division 2.2, non-flammable, non-poisonous gases; and Division 2.3, gases poisonous by inhalation.
\nClass 3 – Flammable and combustible liquids<\/strong>. In general, a flammable liquid is any liquid having a flashpoint of not more than 60°C (140°F). A combustible liquid is any liquid that does not meet the definition of any other hazard class and has a flashpoint above 60°C (140°F) and below 93°C (200°F).
\n A flammable liquid with a flashpoint at or above 38°C (100°F) that does not meet the definition of any other hazard class may be reclassed as a combustible liquid. This provision does not apply to transportation by vessel or aircraft except where other means of transportation is impracticable, or to an elevated temperature material that meets the definition of a flammable liquid because it is intentionally heated and offered for transportation or transported at or above its flashpoint.
\n The DOT Hazardous Materials Regulations do not apply to materials classed as combustible liquids in non-bulk packaging unless the combustible liquid is a hazardous substance, a hazardous waste, or a marine pollutant.
\nClass 4 – Flammable solids<\/strong>, is divided into three divisions: 4.1, flammable solids; 4.2, spontaneously combustible materials; and 4.3, dangerous when wet materials. All divisions within this class have quantitative tests and criteria based upon the UN Recommendations.
\nClass 5 – Oxidizers and organic peroxides<\/strong>, composed of two divisions, namely Division 5.1, oxidizers, and Division 5.2, organic peroxides.
\nClass 6 – Poisonous, toxic and infectious substances<\/strong>, composed of Division 6.1, poisons, and Division 6.2, infectious substances. Division 6.1, poisons, includes volatile liquids that are so toxic by inhalation as to pose special problems in transportation. These materials, the so-called Poison-Inhalation Hazard or PIH liquids, are in Packing Group I and require further differentiation of their “Hazard Zone,” whether A or B, within this packing group.
\n The definition of infectious substance includes disease-causing organisms that pose hazards to humans or animals.
\nClass 7 – Radioactive materials<\/strong>.
\nClass 8 – Corrosive materials<\/strong>, require packing group determinations based upon the length of the exposure period required for animals to show visible destruction or irreversible alteration of the skin tissue. Materials that are corrosive to steel or to aluminum also fall within Class 8 and are assigned PG III.
\nClass 9 – Miscellaneous hazardous materials<\/strong>, includes environmentally hazardous substances, hazardous wastes, marine pollutants, elevated temperature materials, several specifically listed materials which pose unique hazards in transportation but which are not included in any other hazard class, and materials which, if spilled, would cause extreme annoyance or discomfort to flight crew members.<\/p>\n

Shipping Papers<\/p>\n

Shipping papers provide fundamental information about the materials being transported and emergency information. When shipping a hazardous waste, the waste manifest required by 40 CFR 262 may be used as a shipping paper under 49 CFR subpart C as long as it contains all of the infomation in 49 CFR subpart C.<\/p>\n

The basic hazardous materials description on shipping papers consists of a UN\/NA identification number, the proper shipping name, hazard class or division number, and a Packing Group (I, II, or III). Hazard class or division numbers must be provided. Division name and subsidiary hazard class or division number are required in parentheses immediately following the primary hazard class or division number. The packing group must be using Roman numerals, for example, PG III or just “III.” PIH materials must have the words “Poison-Inhalation Hazard” as part of the shipping description. The (Hazard) Zone A or B is required for PIH liquids, and Zone A, B, C, or D is required for PIH gases part of the basic description.<\/p>\n

The DOT requires that most “n.o.s.” (not otherwise specified) materials shipped by any mode of transport, specified under “n.o.s.” proper shipping names and several generic names, must include the technical name of the hazardous component in parentheses on shipping papers and as part of non-bulk package markings. A technical name means a recognized chemical name currently used in technical journals, handbooks, and texts. However, generic descriptions may be used as technical names if they identify the general chemical group. Names such as tertiary amine, organic phosphate compound, petroleum aliphatic hydrocarbon, etc., are acceptable as technical names. Trade names cannot be used as technical names unless they appear in the hazardous materials table. Mixtures or solutions of hazardous materials require the technical names of at least two components contributing to the hazards to be identified on both shipping papers and non-bulk package markings. DOT has provided exceptions from the requirements for certain “n.o.s.” hazardous wastes; in these cases technical names may be replaced with EPA hazardous waste codes.<\/p>\n

Shipping papers or electronic facsimiles of them must be retained for 2 years by the shippers. Hazardous waste manifests must be retained for 3 years.<\/p>\n

Packaging, Marking and Labeling<\/p>\n

Performance-oriented packagings must have a UN symbol and a detailed packaging identification code which provides information on the type of container, material of construction, minimum thickness, performance standard code, etc. Non-bulk plastic outer packagings used for materials in Division 6.1 must be permanently marked with the word “Poison” in letters at least 0.25 inches high within 6 inches of the closure of the packaging.<\/p>\n

Non-bulk packages must be marked with a DOT proper shipping name and UN\/NA identification number (from 49 CFR Section 172.101) and other package markings, as required, and labeled with DOT 4" x 4" hazard labels, if specified.<\/p>\n

In general, subsidiary risk labeling is required whenever a material poses more than one hazard. The hazard class or division number must be displayed in the lower corner of labels.<\/p>\n

Packages containing PIH materials must be marked “Inhalation Hazard” in association with the required labels or placards (as appropriate) or shipping name (when required), and labeled “POISON-INHALATION HAZARD” or “POISON GAS,” as appropriate and in addition to any other required label(s). Shipments of inhalation poisons in transport vehicles, freight containers, and portable tanks are required to be placarded “POISON-INHALATION HAZARD” or “POISON GAS,” (as appropriate) in addition to other required placards.<\/p>\n

Liquid ammonia containers are required to have the words “Inhalation Hazard” (but not “Poison”) on shipping papers, and on each non-bulk and bulk package.<\/p>\n

Nurse tanks containing liquid ammonia are considered to be implements of husbandry when operated by a private carrier (e.g., a farmer) exclusively for agricultural purposes. Such tanks do not have to meet all shipping container specifications when they have a capacity of 3000 gallons or less. They must, however, meet certain minimum design pressure requirements, be equipped with specific types of safety relief valves, be loaded to a filling density no greater than 56%, and be painted white or aluminum. They must also be securely mounted on a farm wagon and meet the other requirements of 49 CFR except for shipping papers. Placarding and marking are not required on one end if that end contains valves, fittings, regulators or gauges and those appurtenances prevent the markings and placard from being properly placed and visible (49 CFR 173.315 (m)).<\/p>\n

Placarding<\/p>\n

Placarding requirements are found in 49 CFR 172, Subpart F, and apply to all hazard classes except infectious substances and miscellaneous hazardous materials (Class 9). Air, water, and rail modes have some specific provisions which are also found in Subpart F but which will not be enumerated here.<\/p>\n

Generally, placarding of road-transport vehicles is required on each end and side when any quantity of the following materials is carried in a vehicle or freight container: Division 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3 explosives, poisonous gas, PG I liquids poisonous by inhalation, dangerous when wet material, Type B temperature controlled organic peroxide and certain radioactive materials. Transport vehicles containing more than 1000 pounds aggregate gross weight of non-bulk packages containing the following materials also require placarding on each side and end: Division 1.4, 1.5, and 1.6 explosives, nonflammable gas, flammable liquid, flammable solid, spontaneously combustible material, oxidizer, organic peroxide, poison or corrosive material.<\/p>\n

In general, portable tanks, tank trucks and tank cars that contain hazardous materials must display placards on both sides and both ends, and they must remain placarded when they contain a residue of hazardous material. Portable tanks having a rated capacity of less than 1000 gallons and intermediate bulk containers (IBC’s) may be labeled on two sides, two ends or placarded on two opposite sides. Transport vehicles, portable tanks and freight containers that contain materials subject to the “Poison-Inhalation Hazard” shipping paper requirement (described above) must be placarded “POISON”, “POISON-INHALATION HAZARD” or “POISON GAS” (as appropriate) on each side and end in addition to any other placards required because of additional hazards.<\/p>\n

The hazard class or division number must be displayed in the lower corner of placards. Stocks of non-permanently affixed subsidiary placards without the hazard class or division number in the lower corner may continue to be used in domestic transportation by rail or highway until October 1, 2005, or until current stocks are depleted, whichever occurs first. Permanently affixed subsidiary placards without the hazard class or division number in the lower corner may continue to be used in domestic transportation by rail or highway with no expiration date as long as they continue to meet the color requirements [49 CFR 172.519(b)(4)].<\/p>\n

Emergency Response Information<\/p>\n

Shippers must provide an emergency response telephone number on shipping papers. This number must be monitored during the time that the material is in transportation and during storage incidental to transportation. A knowledgeable person who has emergency response information at hand must answer the number; or a person who has immediate access to such a person may answer the number.<\/p>\n

This telephone number can be that of CHEMTREC<\/a> (800-424-9300); INFOTRAC <\/a>(800-535-5053); CHEM-TEL, Inc.<\/a> (800-255-3924); 3E Company <\/a>(800-451-8346) or other such service, but only if the shipper has contracted with and provided the organization with current and detailed information concerning the hazardous material, and if the organization accepts the responsibility for providing the necessary emergency response information.<\/p>\n

Specific emergency response information needed for mitigation of an accident must be available for use during transportation. This emergency response information must be separate from the hazardous materials package. It can be printed on a shipping paper or can be in a separate document other than a shipping paper (e.g., a Material Safety Data Sheet or an emergency response guidebook) that includes the technical name and the basic description along with emergency response information for the hazardous material. Emergency response information must be readily accessible to drivers, crew, personnel, etc. Carriers are required to maintain this information in the same manner as for shipping papers. Facility operators must maintain the information in a location that is immediately accessible to personnel whenever the hazardous material is present.<\/p>\n

Hazmat Employee Training<\/p>\n

Individuals who perform functions involving the transportation of hazardous materials must receive training concerning the regulatory requirements applicable to those functions. Persons who in the course of employment directly affect hazardous materials transportation safety must be trained. This regulatory requirement is designed to increase hazmat employee awareness of safety considerations involved in loading, unloading, handling, storing, shipping paper preparation, marking, labeling, placarding and transportation of hazardous materials, and to improve emergency preparedness for responding to transportation incidents and accidents.<\/p>\n

Hazmat employee training must include 1) general awareness\/familiarization training; 2) function-specific training; 3) safety training; 4) security awareness training; and 5) in-depth security training for each hazmat employee of a person required to have a security plan. In addition, hazardous materials drivers must be trained on the safe operation of the motor vehicle that they intend to operate, and the applicable requirements of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations.<\/p>\n

New employees or those who change hazardous materials functions must complete training within 90 days after beginning their job. Prior to training, employees must work under the direct supervision of a properly trained and knowledgeable hazmat employee. Hazmat employees must receive training at least once every three years.<\/p>\n

Employers are responsible for ensuring that the level of training is adequate and appropriate for each hazmat employee.<\/p>\n

After completion of training, each employer must certify, with appropriate documentation, that each hazmat employee received training and was tested on the appropriate areas of responsibility. A record of each employee’s training for the prior three years must be maintained for the duration of employment in each applicable hazardous materials job function and for 90 days thereafter. The record of training must contain the name of the person receiving the training, the training completion date, a copy of or the location of the training material presented or a description of the training given, the name and address of the person presenting the training, and certification that the hazmat employee has been trained and tested.<\/p>\n

The diversity of hazmat job functions covered by the final rule make it impossible for DOT to establish exact training requirements. The specific responsibilities are left to the hazmat employer as were the certification, record keeping and testing requirements. The DOT has stated that some of the training requirements may be fulfilled by other regulatory training mandated by OSHA<\/a> or EPA, or can be incorporated into other regulatory training programs as long as the training documentation for each hazmat employee includes all five of the elements listed in 49 CFR 172.704(d). Commercial Drivers License (CDL) training with a hazardous materials endorsement may fulfill some or the entire “Driver Training” portion.<\/p>\n

DOT Registration and Fee Assessment<\/p>\n

All persons engaged in offering or transporting the following hazardous materials in commerce must register and pay a fee to the U.S. Department of Transportation:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Highway route controlled quantities of radioactive materials;<\/li>\n
  2. More than 55 pounds of Division 1.1, 1.2 or 1.3 explosives;<\/li>\n
  3. More than 1 liter per package of Hazard Zone A poisonous liquids or gases;<\/li>\n
  4. Hazardous materials in a bulk packaging having a capacity equal to or greater than 3500 gallons or 468 cubic feet; or<\/li>\n
  5. A shipment of 5000 pounds or more gross weight of hazardous material in non-bulk packaging loaded at one loading facility of a class of hazardous materials for which vehicle, rail car or freight container placarding is required.<\/li>\n
  6. A quantity of hazardous material that required placarding, except for activities of a farmer that are in direct support of the farmer’s farming operations.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \nRegistration is required no later than June 30 of each year or prior to the first shipment of the indicated hazardous materials. For the registration years 2007-2008, the registration fee is $250 per year for companies that qualify as small businesses under the criteria specified in 13 CFR Part 121 or $975 per year for larger companies plus a $25 processing fee.<\/p>\n

    Registrants must maintain a copy of the registration statement filed with the DOT and the Certificate of Registration at its principal place of business for a period of three years from the date of issuance of each Certificate of Registration. A copy of the motor carrier’s Certificate of Registration or another document bearing the registration number identified as “U.S. DOT Hazmat Reg. No.” must be carried on board all transport vehicles used to transport hazardous materials subject to the registration requirements.<\/p>\n

    Materials of Trade Exceptions<\/p>\n

    A material of trade is a hazardous material carried on a motor vehicle: (1) To protect the health and safety of the driver or passengers; (2) To support the vehicle operation or maintenance; or (3) By a private motor carrier in direct support of a principle business that is other than transportation.<\/p>\n

    Materials of trade must be packaged in the manufacturer’s original DOT authorized packaging or a packaging of equal or greater integrity. Except for diluted mixtures of Class 9 materials, the maximum gross weight of all materials of trade on a vehicle may not exceed 440 pounds (49 CFR 173.6).<\/p>\n

    Intrastate Agricultural Operations<\/p>\n

    Farmers who are intrastate private motor carriers are exempted from the Hazardous Regulations when transporting hazardous materials (other than compressed gas) over local roads between fields of the same farm, when authorized by a state statute or regulation in effect before October 1998.<\/p>\n

    Farmers who are intrastate private motor carriers are exempted from the emergency response information and hazmat employee training requirements when transporting certain quantities of agricultural products to or from the farm within 150 miles of the farm if the packaging is authorized by a state statute or regulation in effect before October 1998 (49 CFR 173.8).<\/p>\n

    Liquefied Compressed Gases<\/p>\n

    Special requirements are applicable to the transportation of liquefied compressed gases. These include: inspection, maintenance and testing requirements for cargo tank discharge systems; revised attendance requirements applicable to liquefied petroleum gas and anhydrous ammonia; and requirements for cargo tank emergency discharge control equipment to provide a clear performance standard for passive emergency discharge control equipment that shuts down unloading operations without human intervention. These requirements also provide for a remote capability for certain cargo tanks to enable a person attending the unloading operation to shut off the flow of product when away from the motor vehicle during delivery (49 CFR 173.315(n) & 180.416).<\/p>\n

    Transportation Security<\/p>\n

    Shippers and carriers subject to the registration requirements in 49 CFR part 107 or who offer or transport select agents and toxins regulated by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention <\/a>under 42 CFR part 73 must develop security plans. As a minimum, a security plan must include the following elements: assessment of the risks related to the transportation of hazmat in commerce; methods for confirming information provided by job applicants; measures to address the possibility of unauthorized persons who may attempt to gain access to hazardous materials or transport vehicles being prepared for transportation; and methods to address en route security. A security plan should include a system for verifying that a carrier has an ongoing transportation security program. Regulations, protocols, guidelines or standards developed by other Federal Agencies, international organizations or industry are acceptable, provided such regulations or guidelines address the specific security vulnerabilities of the company.<\/p>\n

    Each employee of a person required to have a security plan must be trained concerning the security plan and its implementation. Security training must include company security objectives, specific security procedures, employee responsibilities, actions to be taken in the event of a security breach, and the organizational security.<\/p>\n

    All hazmat employees must receive security awareness training on the date of the first scheduled recurrent training. This training must include a component covering how to recognize and respond to possible security threats.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    El Departamento de Transporte (DOT) est\u00e1 autorizado por la Ley Federal de Transporte de Materiales Peligrosos para regular el env\u00edo de materiales peligrosos...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":110,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[489],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7073","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-industry-news"],"yoast_head":"\nFederal Hazardous Materials Transportation Law - AgriBusiness Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Department of Transportation (DOT) is authorized under the Federal Hazardous Materials Transportation Law to regulate the shipment of hazardous\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/es\/industry-news\/federal-hazardous-materials-transportation-law\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_MX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Federal Hazardous Materials Transportation Law - 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