{"id":76912,"date":"2024-08-01T10:05:05","date_gmt":"2024-08-01T14:05:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/?p=76912"},"modified":"2024-08-01T10:05:05","modified_gmt":"2024-08-01T14:05:05","slug":"breakthrough-in-plant-disease-new-enzyme-could-lead-to-anti-bacterial-pesticides","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/es\/agrochemicals\/fungicides\/breakthrough-in-plant-disease-new-enzyme-could-lead-to-anti-bacterial-pesticides\/","title":{"rendered":"Avance en enfermedades de las plantas: una nueva enzima podr\u00eda conducir a pesticidas antibacterianos"},"content":{"rendered":"

Las enfermedades de las plantas plantean desaf\u00edos importantes para la productividad agr\u00edcola y presentan obst\u00e1culos formidables que requieren atenci\u00f3n urgente. Si no se controlan, estas enfermedades pueden propagarse r\u00e1pidamente, causando da\u00f1os generalizados a los cultivos y provocando rendimientos reducidos y p\u00e9rdidas econ\u00f3micas sustanciales. Por lo tanto, es fundamental identificar con precisi\u00f3n los pat\u00f3genos responsables de estas enfermedades. Esta identificaci\u00f3n permite intervenciones espec\u00edficas que minimizan los riesgos y mitigan eficazmente los impactos agr\u00edcolas.<\/p>\n

Xanthomonas<\/em> Las especies son pat\u00f3genos vegetales notorios que afectan a un amplio espectro de hu\u00e9spedes, incluidos cultivos clave como arroz, trigo y tomates. Estos pat\u00f3genos aumentan su patogenicidad mediante la utilizaci\u00f3n de \u03b2-1,2-glucohexadecaosa \u03b1-1,6-ciclada (C\u03b2G16\u03b1) para suprimir los mecanismos de defensa esenciales de las plantas, como la expresi\u00f3n de prote\u00ednas relacionadas con la patog\u00e9nesis y la acumulaci\u00f3n de callosa.<\/p>\n

En un avance reciente publicado el 19 de junio de 2024, en el Revista de la Sociedad Qu\u00edmica Estadounidense<\/em><\/a>, un equipo de investigadores dirigido por el profesor asociado Masahiro Nakajima de la Universidad de Ciencias de Tokio revel\u00f3 un descubrimiento importante. Identificaron XccOpgD, una gluc\u00f3sido hidrolasa (GH186) que se encuentra en X. campestris pv campestris<\/em> que juega un papel fundamental en la bios\u00edntesis de C\u03b2G16\u03b1. El equipo de investigaci\u00f3n tambi\u00e9n incluy\u00f3 al Sr. Sei Motouchi de la Universidad de Ciencias de Tokio, el cient\u00edfico principal Shiro Komba del Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Alimentaria, NARO, y Hiroyuki Nakai de la Universidad de Niigata.<\/p>\n

\u201cLas estructuras de glicanos son intrincadas y multifac\u00e9ticas y cumplen diversas funciones cruciales en la naturaleza y los organismos. Las enzimas sintetizan y degradan glicanos, exhibiendo diversas estructuras y funciones que corresponden a la diversidad de glicanos. Sin embargo, nuestro conocimiento de estas enzimas es todav\u00eda limitado, lo que impulsa la b\u00fasqueda de nuevas enzimas con potenciales nuevos y variados\u201d, explica el profesor Nakajima, explicando la justificaci\u00f3n del estudio.<\/p>\n

El equipo realiz\u00f3 an\u00e1lisis bioqu\u00edmicos para dilucidar el papel de XccOpgD en la bios\u00edntesis de C\u03b2G16\u03b1. Se emplearon t\u00e9cnicas avanzadas como la cristalograf\u00eda de rayos X como an\u00e1lisis estructural para desentra\u00f1ar el mecanismo catal\u00edtico de la enzima y la especificidad del sustrato.<\/p>\n

Estos esfuerzos han producido conocimientos profundos. XccOpgD pertenece a la familia GH186, esencial para regular los componentes de la pared celular bacteriana. A diferencia de las primeras enzimas GH186 identificadas, XccOpgD exhibe un mecanismo enzim\u00e1tico sin precedentes conocido como transglicosilaci\u00f3n inversora de an\u00f3mero.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Los cient\u00edficos identificaron el compuesto c\u00edclico como C\u03b2G16\u03b1. Cr\u00e9dito de la imagen: Masahiro Nakajima de la Universidad de Ciencias de Tokio.<\/p><\/div>\n

\u201cLas reacciones de las enzimas GH t\u00edpicas se clasifican en cuatro tipos mediante combinaci\u00f3n de retenci\u00f3n o inversi\u00f3n y reacci\u00f3n con agua (hidr\u00f3lisis) o az\u00facar (transglicosilaci\u00f3n) en teor\u00eda. Sin embargo, de alguna manera falta una clasificaci\u00f3n en una larga historia de investigaciones sobre enzimas asociadas a carbohidratos y descubrimos la clasificaci\u00f3n que falta. Este avance fue posible gracias a un entorno estructural \u00fanico, que abre nuevas posibilidades para la glicosilaci\u00f3n basada en enzimas\u201d, explica el profesor Nakajima. Adem\u00e1s, las cadenas de az\u00facar sintetizadas mediante este mecanismo no son simplemente componentes menores sino estructuras esenciales utilizadas por diversas bacterias Gram-negativas en la naturaleza con fines pat\u00f3genos.<\/p>\n

Estudios detallados revelaron que el \u03b2-1,2-glucano lineal se convirti\u00f3 en un compuesto c\u00edclico y el compuesto se identific\u00f3 como C\u03b2G16\u03b1 mediante resonancia magn\u00e9tica nuclear. El an\u00e1lisis estructural del complejo de Michaelis identific\u00f3 residuos de uni\u00f3n al sustrato cruciales, lo que dilucida a\u00fan m\u00e1s interacciones espec\u00edficas a lo largo de la cadena de glucano. En particular, XccOpgD utiliza un mecanismo de transglicosilaci\u00f3n inversora de an\u00f3mero, en el que D379 y D291 desempe\u00f1an funciones fundamentales como catalizadores.<\/p>\n

Estos hallazgos profundizan nuestra comprensi\u00f3n y abren v\u00edas para desarrollar estrategias espec\u00edficas contra las enfermedades de las plantas inducidas por Xanthomonas. \u201cEsperamos en el futuro un concepto de pesticida dirigido a este hom\u00f3logo de enzima. A diferencia de los fungicidas que promueven la aparici\u00f3n de bacterias resistentes a los medicamentos en el suelo, atacar esta enzima podr\u00eda potencialmente inhibir la patogenicidad sin causar esterilizaci\u00f3n. Los hom\u00f3logos de enzimas identificados en este estudio pueden servir como dianas farmacol\u00f3gicas prometedoras basadas en estructuras, ofreciendo una posible soluci\u00f3n al problema de las bacterias resistentes a los medicamentos\u201d, afirma esperanzado el profesor Nakajima.<\/p>\n

El descubrimiento de XccOpgD y su papel en la bios\u00edntesis de C\u03b2G16\u03b1 marca un gran avance en la agricultura. Promete una mayor resiliencia y seguridad alimentaria al tiempo que mitiga los impactos ambientales relacionados con los pesticidas convencionales. En general, este avance ofrece soluciones sostenibles a los desaf\u00edos agr\u00edcolas globales, promoviendo la gesti\u00f3n ambiental y la viabilidad econ\u00f3mica para los agricultores de todo el mundo.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Los cient\u00edficos descubren el papel de XccOpgD en la mejora de la patogenicidad de Xanthomonas. Cr\u00e9dito de la imagen: Masahiro Nakajima de la Universidad de Ciencias de Tokio.<\/p><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Los investigadores descubren el papel crucial de la enzima OpgD en la mejora de la patogenicidad de Xanthomonas.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":110,"featured_media":76916,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1786,18,489],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-76912","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biologicals","category-fungicides","category-industry-news"],"yoast_head":"\nBreakthrough in Plant Disease: New Enzyme Could Lead to Anti-Bacterial Pesticides - AgriBusiness Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers uncover the crucial role of OpgD enzyme in enhancing Xanthomonas pathogenicity.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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