Ind\u00fastrias Chema <\/a>em Alexandria \u2014 e as principais culturas de pomares, que ele recomenda serem uvas de mesa, frutas c\u00edtricas, p\u00eassegos, damascos, ma\u00e7\u00e3s e mangas, dependem de fertilizantes qu\u00edmicos. <\/p>\n El Shafie atesta que os fertilizantes mais importantes usados atualmente s\u00e3o nitrog\u00eanio, f\u00f3sforo e pot\u00e1ssio (NPK), oligoelementos, estimulantes, corretivos de solo, nitrato de am\u00f4nio, sulfato de am\u00f4nio, nitrato de c\u00e1lcio, sulfato de pot\u00e1ssio e \u00e1cido fosf\u00f3rico. Por raz\u00f5es de seguran\u00e7a, no entanto, o nitrato de pot\u00e1ssio \u00e9 proibido.<\/p>\n
A variedade de culturas cultivadas tamb\u00e9m requer uma variedade de agroqu\u00edmicos; os mais populares atualmente s\u00e3o os inseticidas organofosforados, como clorpirif\u00f3s, malation, diazinon e fenitrotion; acaricidas como abamectina; os nematicidas carbufurano e oxamil; herbicidas de glifosato; e fungicidas destinados ao o\u00eddio, m\u00edldio e botrite.<\/p>\n
Dos 3,3 milh\u00f5es de hectares (Ha) cultivados no Egito, apenas cerca de 20.235 Ha n\u00e3o usam agroqu\u00edmicos. Em vez disso, produtos biol\u00f3gicos como Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), Beauveria bassiana, fertilizantes naturais e m\u00e9todos de controle mec\u00e2nico s\u00e3o preferidos. De acordo com El Shafie, os biocontroles s\u00e3o usados principalmente em ervas medicinais e vegetais para exporta\u00e7\u00e3o, principalmente para a Alemanha; os pre\u00e7os das culturas biocontroladas s\u00e3o altos demais para os consumidores eg\u00edpcios.<\/p>\n
Canais<\/p>\n
A maioria das exporta\u00e7\u00f5es do Egito vai para a Europa, Ar\u00e1bia Saudita e Estados do Golfo. As exporta\u00e7\u00f5es destinadas \u00e0 Europa devem estar em conformidade com o EurepGAP, que certifica as Boas Pr\u00e1ticas Agr\u00edcolas (GAP) e fornece documenta\u00e7\u00e3o para certos processos e procedimentos. As remessas para a Europa podem usar apenas agroqu\u00edmicos aprovados e n\u00edveis de res\u00edduos aceit\u00e1veis. Localmente, n\u00e3o h\u00e1 restri\u00e7\u00f5es, diz El Shafie da Chema Industries, desde que o Minist\u00e9rio da Agricultura (MoA) local tenha aprovado os produtos qu\u00edmicos. As culturas geneticamente modificadas (GM) ainda n\u00e3o foram ratificadas no Egito.<\/p>\n
Os importadores geralmente fazem acordos com atacadistas eg\u00edpcios, que ent\u00e3o distribuem para varejistas em todo o pa\u00eds. Embora os fabricantes ou importadores geralmente prefiram distribuir diretamente para os varejistas, El Shafie informa que \u201cisso \u00e9 complicado, j\u00e1 que h\u00e1 cerca de 4.000 lojas de varejo em todo o pa\u00eds, e a maioria dos agroqu\u00edmicos n\u00e3o \u00e9 vendida em dinheiro. Isso incluir\u00e1 esfor\u00e7os adicionais para coletar os valores devidos quando a safra for vendida e os agricultores pagarem suas d\u00edvidas com o varejista.\u201d <\/p>\n
Tamb\u00e9m deve-se notar que, embora algumas regulamenta\u00e7\u00f5es sejam semelhantes a outros pa\u00edses, como requisitos de teste de tr\u00eas anos, n\u00e3o h\u00e1 um protocolo de registro fixo; as regulamenta\u00e7\u00f5es mudam a cada turno de oficiais, sem aviso pr\u00e9vio. Para lidar com esse obst\u00e1culo, as empresas agroqu\u00edmicas est\u00e3o tentando construir sindicatos fortes para influenciar os oficiais do MoA.<\/p>\n
Novo Vale Futuro<\/p>\n
Em 1997, o Egito come\u00e7ou a constru\u00e7\u00e3o do Canal New Valley, um rio autossustent\u00e1vel cortado para conectar os Lagos Toshka e uma s\u00e9rie de o\u00e1sis um ao outro para irrigar o Deserto Ocidental. A \u00e1gua \u00e9 transportada do Lago Nasser pela Esta\u00e7\u00e3o de Bombeamento Mubarak, convertendo 237.955 Ha de deserto em terras agr\u00edcolas. <\/p>\n
Embora o Projeto New Valley n\u00e3o esteja programado para ser conclu\u00eddo antes de 2020, ele j\u00e1 est\u00e1 produzindo. El Shafie diz: \u201cA terra des\u00e9rtica recentemente recuperada est\u00e1 hospedando uma agricultura moderna e pr\u00f3spera \u2014 chamada agricultura 'industrial' \u2014 usando as t\u00e9cnicas mais avan\u00e7adas, geralmente em grandes \u00e1reas.\u201d De acordo com El Shafie, esse novo setor aumentou a terra ar\u00e1vel do Egito em cerca de 35% da antiga \u00e1rea agr\u00edcola no Vale do Nilo. <\/p>\n
Os exploradores da hist\u00f3ria, navegando pelos Nilos Branco e Azul e limpando a vegeta\u00e7\u00e3o densa para chegar ao luxuoso Vale do Rio Nilo, podem n\u00e3o reconhecer a \u00e1rea, e definitivamente n\u00e3o entenderiam a agricultura baseada em tecnologia de hoje. Mas n\u00e3o importa o quanto os m\u00e9todos agr\u00edcolas tenham mudado, os pomares e campos do Egito permanecem carregados de frutas deliciosas e gr\u00e3os dourados, uma recompensa para as terras ao norte.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
A ideia do Vale do Rio Nilo evoca solo rico e vegeta\u00e7\u00e3o exuberante, crescendo nas profundezas \u00famidas da \u00c1frica submediterr\u00e2nea. Isto\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":110,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10123","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-markets"],"yoast_head":"\n
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