{"id":10417,"date":"2008-11-04T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2008-11-04T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.farmchemicalsinternational.com\/2008\/11\/04\/biologists-discover-plants-natural-defenses\/"},"modified":"2019-09-16T13:50:00","modified_gmt":"2019-09-16T17:50:00","slug":"biologists-discover-plants-natural-defenses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/markets\/biologists-discover-plants-natural-defenses\/","title":{"rendered":"Bi\u00f3logos descobrem as defesas naturais das plantas"},"content":{"rendered":"

Eric Schmelz, fisiologista vegetal da Departamento de Agricultura dos EUA<\/a> (USDA), afirma que a melhor maneira de proteger as planta\u00e7\u00f5es \u00e9 descobrir como elas se protegem. Bi\u00f3logos de plantas do Centro de Entomologia M\u00e9dica, Agr\u00edcola e Veterin\u00e1ria do USDA em Gainesville, Fl\u00f3rida, identificaram a estrat\u00e9gia e os meios pelos quais as plantas reconhecem um ataque, relata. Ci\u00eancia Di\u00e1ria<\/a>Os cientistas do USDA passaram tr\u00eas anos analisando a resposta bioqu\u00edmica do feij\u00e3o-caupi, um tipo de leguminosa apreciado por um inseto conhecido como lagarta-do-cartucho. Eles conduziram mais de 10.000 bioensaios foliares e identificaram uma classe espec\u00edfica de pequenos pept\u00eddeos "elicitores", ou sinais de defesa das plantas que as ajudam a reagir ao ataque de insetos.<\/p>\n

Pesquisas mostram que, quando insetos ingerem partes de uma planta, a digest\u00e3o transforma prote\u00ednas j\u00e1 presentes na planta em um elicitor pept\u00eddico, que \u00e9 secretado de volta para a planta durante as alimenta\u00e7\u00f5es subsequentes. A planta reconhece esse elicitor e lan\u00e7a sua qu\u00edmica defensiva na forma de toxinas ou subst\u00e2ncias qu\u00edmicas vol\u00e1teis. Um pept\u00eddeo de 11 amino\u00e1cidos chamado inceptina desempenha um papel fundamental de alerta em plantas de feij\u00e3o-caupi sob ataque de lagartas-do-cartucho. Os pesquisadores do USDA tamb\u00e9m identificaram dois fragmentos pept\u00eddicos relacionados, por\u00e9m menos abundantes, que provocam respostas de defesa semelhantes no feij\u00e3o-caupi, e um terceiro sem efeito aparente. Eles tamb\u00e9m mostraram que a inceptina e pept\u00eddeos relacionados desencadeiam uma cascata de aumentos de fitohorm\u00f4nios no feij\u00e3o-caupi para desencadear suas defesas e identificaram caracter\u00edsticas cr\u00edticas da estrutura da prote\u00edna que permitem que ela funcione como um sinal de defesa da planta.<\/p>\n

"O que estamos estudando \u00e9 como as plantas usam essas subst\u00e2ncias qu\u00edmicas para se defender", disse Schmelz. Reagindo \u00e0s subst\u00e2ncias qu\u00edmicas secretadas pelos sucos digestivos de um inseto, a planta libera odores para atrair outros insetos e se livrar do problema. As plantas reagem a cada ataque de forma diferente, emitindo odores diferentes para atrair diferentes insetos e ajud\u00e1-las a se defender. "Uma pequena picada de uma lagarta min\u00fascula d\u00e1 in\u00edcio a esse processo", explica Schmelz.<\/p>\n

Pesquisadores esperam aprender mais sobre os processos qu\u00edmicos que as plantas usam para se proteger; eventualmente, seu trabalho pode levar ao desenvolvimento e \u00e0 manipula\u00e7\u00e3o gen\u00e9tica de plantas com maior prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra pragas. "Se conseguirmos uma planta que produza uma rea\u00e7\u00e3o defensiva mais forte ao ser mastigada, essa praga pode deixar de ser um problema", disse Schmelz.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Eric Schmelz, fisiologista vegetal do Departamento de Agricultura dos Estados Unidos (USDA), afirma que a melhor maneira de proteger as planta\u00e7\u00f5es \u00e9\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":110,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10417","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-markets"],"yoast_head":"\nBiologists Discover Plants' Natural Defenses - AgriBusiness Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Eric Schmelz, plant physiologist with the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), says the best way to protect crops is to figure out how they protect\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/markets\/biologists-discover-plants-natural-defenses\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Biologists Discover Plants' Natural Defenses - 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