{"id":11104,"date":"2010-01-25T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2010-01-25T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.farmchemicalsinternational.com\/2010\/01\/25\/rebuilding-afghanistan-through-agriculture\/"},"modified":"2019-09-16T13:46:17","modified_gmt":"2019-09-16T17:46:17","slug":"rebuilding-afghanistan-through-agriculture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/industry-news\/rebuilding-afghanistan-through-agriculture\/","title":{"rendered":"Reconstruindo o Afeganist\u00e3o atrav\u00e9s da agricultura"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>NAWA, Afeganist\u00e3o \u2014 O secret\u00e1rio de Agricultura dos EUA, Tom Vilsack, anunciou uma ajuda adicional de US$ 1,4 bilh\u00e3o para ajudar o Afeganist\u00e3o. <a href=\"http:\/\/mail.gov.af\/m\/english\/English.htm\">minist\u00e9rio da agricultura <\/a>prestar servi\u00e7os aos agricultores, relat\u00f3rios <a href=\"http:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/news\/world\/AP\/v-fullstory\/story\/1421627.html\">O Miami Herald<\/a>. No total, os EUA gastar\u00e3o cerca de $400 milh\u00f5es em projetos agr\u00edcolas no Afeganist\u00e3o este ano, acima dos $300 milh\u00f5es do ano fiscal de 2009. O dinheiro \u00e9 or\u00e7ado para apoiar a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de safras legais, melhorar a efici\u00eancia e reconstruir sistemas de irriga\u00e7\u00e3o. No m\u00eas que vem, o departamento de Vilsack ter\u00e1 64 funcion\u00e1rios no Afeganist\u00e3o coordenando os esfor\u00e7os de reconstru\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n<p>O ministro da agricultura do Afeganist\u00e3o, Muhammad Asif Rahimi, estabeleceu uma estrutura que permite que os EUA se concentrem em novas t\u00e9cnicas de plantio e sistemas de irriga\u00e7\u00e3o, bem como na restaura\u00e7\u00e3o de florestas e recursos h\u00eddricos. Grande parte da infraestrutura agr\u00edcola do Afeganist\u00e3o precisa de atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o, como a Represa Kajaki. A represa foi constru\u00edda na prov\u00edncia de Helmand com apoio americano na d\u00e9cada de 1950 em um esfor\u00e7o para fornecer energia \u00e0 rede el\u00e9trica do sul do Afeganist\u00e3o. Hoje, ap\u00f3s d\u00e9cadas de neglig\u00eancia, sua capacidade de gera\u00e7\u00e3o diminuiu.<\/p>\n<p>A prov\u00edncia de Helmand, o cora\u00e7\u00e3o agr\u00edcola do pa\u00eds, era anteriormente uma pr\u00f3spera produtora de gr\u00e3os e culturas alimentares e benefici\u00e1ria da ajuda dos EUA. Hoje, a prov\u00edncia \u00e9 a maior produtora mundial de papoulas de \u00f3pio e um reduto do Talib\u00e3. Vilsack quer enviar uma mensagem aos fazendeiros de Helmand: se voc\u00eas cultivarem trigo, vegetais e rom\u00e3s em vez de papoulas, os Estados Unidos os ajudar\u00e3o a colher os benef\u00edcios financeiros.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cEsta \u00e9 de longe a prioridade n\u00e3o militar n\u00famero um aqui no Afeganist\u00e3o\u201d, disse Vilsack.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Uma batalha dif\u00edcil<\/strong><br \/> Muito pouco solo no Afeganist\u00e3o \u00e9 adequado para agricultura \u2014 cerca de 12% do pa\u00eds, de acordo com o Departamento de Estado \u2014 e a maior parte dele est\u00e1 em suas prov\u00edncias do sul, incluindo Helmand. No entanto, quase 40% da produ\u00e7\u00e3o econ\u00f4mica do Afeganist\u00e3o vem da agricultura, enquanto se estima que 80% da popula\u00e7\u00e3o do Afeganist\u00e3o ganhe a vida com a agricultura. Ainda mais potencial vem da alta taxa de desemprego do Afeganist\u00e3o \u2014 40%, ou cerca de 6 milh\u00f5es de homens, procurando trabalho. Uma ind\u00fastria agr\u00edcola mais eficiente, incluindo a resolu\u00e7\u00e3o da falta de facilidades de cr\u00e9dito e a m\u00e1 coordena\u00e7\u00e3o entre o governo central do Afeganist\u00e3o e 34 prov\u00edncias \u2014 bem como o cultivo de safras legais, poderia impulsionar o emprego em \u00e1reas agr\u00edcolas.<\/p>\n<p>As terras ar\u00e1veis da prov\u00edncia de Helmand est\u00e3o sendo usadas atualmente para a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de papoulas de \u00f3pio, onde 93% do suprimento mundial foi cultivado em 2007. Isso pode ser um problema para a \u00e1rea; &quot;Acho que os fazendeiros s\u00e3o os mesmos onde quer que estejam&quot;, disse Vilsack. &quot;Eles est\u00e3o sempre interessados em conseguir o pre\u00e7o mais alto, produzir mais e pagar menos.&quot; No entanto, ele disse: &quot;\u00c9 importante focar na diversifica\u00e7\u00e3o da agricultura e garantir que os fazendeiros entendam a oportunidade que produtos de valor agregado como a\u00e7afr\u00e3o, am\u00eandoas, rom\u00e3s, ma\u00e7\u00e3s e uvas podem proporcionar.&quot; O Afeganist\u00e3o j\u00e1 foi um grande exportador de frutas secas, nozes e rom\u00e3s, mas depois de anos de guerra, muitos fazendeiros se voltaram para as papoulas de \u00f3pio produtoras de hero\u00edna. A interrup\u00e7\u00e3o do com\u00e9rcio de \u00f3pio pode levar \u00e0 perda de empregos e \u00e0 perda de boa vontade entre os fazendeiros, que perder\u00e3o dinheiro ao se voltarem para culturas leg\u00edtimas.<\/p>\n<p>Em 2009, a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de papoula em Helmand diminuiu 33%, provavelmente devido \u00e0 oferta superar a demanda e n\u00e3o a quaisquer esfor\u00e7os antinarc\u00f3ticos. Vilsack prev\u00ea que as for\u00e7as do mercado sobrepujar\u00e3o os mandatos do governo, com incentivos baseados no mercado substituindo os esfor\u00e7os liderados pelos EUA para acabar com a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de papoula pela for\u00e7a, disse Vilsack. &quot;Eles tentaram a erradica\u00e7\u00e3o, e isso n\u00e3o \u00e9 uma maneira de resolver esse problema a longo prazo&quot;, disse ele. &quot;O longo caminho para resolver esse problema \u00e9 tornar os agricultores extraordinariamente produtivos, produzindo safras legais.&quot;<\/p>\n<p>O Talib\u00e3 incentiva o cultivo de papoulas de \u00f3pio, oferecendo cr\u00e9dito, sementes e fertilizantes aos fazendeiros para cultivar as drogas que alimentam o terrorismo. Vilsack planeja oferecer incentivos semelhantes para afastar os fazendeiros do tr\u00e1fico de drogas e em dire\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0s uvas, trigo e outras culturas leg\u00edtimas. \u201cSe o Talib\u00e3 oferece algo, voc\u00ea tem que ser capaz de venc\u00ea-lo com outra coisa\u201d, disse ele \u00e0 The Associated Press.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Potencial al\u00e9m das papoulas<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">O foco dessas planta\u00e7\u00f5es legais \u00e9 o trigo. \u201c\u00c9 uma planta\u00e7\u00e3o que, historicamente, os afeg\u00e3os cultivam\u201d, disse Vilsack. A bandeira nacional do Afeganist\u00e3o inclui um bras\u00e3o com dois feixes de trigo, formando um c\u00edrculo. Atualmente, cerca de 80% dos 125.000 agricultores da prov\u00edncia de Helmand recebem subs\u00eddios para o trigo. No ano passado, os agricultores receberam sementes de trigo e fertilizantes a um custo reduzido, resultando na redu\u00e7\u00e3o da safra de papoula em um ter\u00e7o. A iniciativa pode ser estendida para \u00e1rvores de nozes e produ\u00e7\u00e3o de frutas e vegetais, acrescentou Vilsack.<\/p>\n<p>No momento, no entanto, a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00f3pio \u00e9 mais de sete vezes mais lucrativa do que cultivar trigo. E al\u00e9m de encorajar os fazendeiros de Helmand a cultivar trigo e aumentar a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de trigo, o governo precisa encontrar um consumidor para o trigo afeg\u00e3o. O mercado-alvo para produtos agr\u00edcolas afeg\u00e3os \u00e9 a \u00cdndia, que j\u00e1 recebe cerca de um quarto das exporta\u00e7\u00f5es do Afeganist\u00e3o. O governo Obama dos EUA est\u00e1 negociando com o governo paquistan\u00eas para abrir uma rota comercial oficial do Afeganist\u00e3o para a \u00cdndia.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAinda n\u00e3o chegamos a um acordo finalizado, mas estamos muito mais pr\u00f3ximos, como resultado de seis meses de intensa negocia\u00e7\u00e3o, do que h\u00e1 muito tempo\u201d, disse Vilsack.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NAWA, Afeganist\u00e3o \u2014 O secret\u00e1rio de Agricultura dos EUA, Tom Vilsack, anunciou uma ajuda adicional de US$ 1,4 bilh\u00e3o para ajudar o\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":110,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[489],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11104","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-industry-news"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Rebuilding Afghanistan Through Agriculture - 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