{"id":134054,"date":"2026-02-25T10:47:27","date_gmt":"2026-02-25T15:47:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/?p=134054"},"modified":"2026-03-12T16:24:29","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T20:24:29","slug":"president-trumps-state-of-union-defies-u-s-supreme-courts-tariffs-rule","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/agrochemicals\/president-trumps-state-of-union-defies-u-s-supreme-courts-tariffs-rule\/","title":{"rendered":"O discurso do presidente Trump sobre o Estado da Uni\u00e3o desafia a regra tarif\u00e1ria da Suprema Corte dos EUA."},"content":{"rendered":"

O discurso do presidente Trump sobre o Estado da Uni\u00e3o comunicou seus planos de continuar com as tarifas, mesmo que... O Supremo Tribunal decidiu por 6 votos a 3.<\/a> contra o uso da Lei de Poderes Econ\u00f4micos Econ\u00f4micos Internacionais (IEEPA) pelo Presidente para impor tarifas aos nossos parceiros comerciais. A opini\u00e3o da maioria n\u00e3o aborda a quest\u00e3o dos reembolsos. A opini\u00e3o da minoria observa que os reembolsos seriam dif\u00edceis de implementar. Esta decis\u00e3o n\u00e3o afeta as tarifas impostas \u00e0 China sob a autoridade do Artigo 301, nem as tarifas impostas sob a autoridade do Artigo 232.<\/p>\n

Embora pare\u00e7a que o governo recorrer\u00e1 \u00e0 justi\u00e7a, prev\u00ea-se que ser\u00e3o necess\u00e1rios reembolsos. J\u00e1 existem centenas de a\u00e7\u00f5es judiciais individuais no Tribunal de Com\u00e9rcio Internacional (CIT), al\u00e9m de uma a\u00e7\u00e3o coletiva, buscando reembolsos. Portanto, esse processo pode ser bastante demorado, especialmente se o governo optar por recorrer da inevit\u00e1vel decis\u00e3o do CIT de exigir a devolu\u00e7\u00e3o dos fundos "ilegalmente" arrecadados.<\/p>\n

Isso tamb\u00e9m apresenta uma s\u00e9rie de desafios. Especificamente, os mecanismos de reembolso s\u00e3o complexos, especialmente porque os materiais importados percorreram a cadeia de distribui\u00e7\u00e3o. A entidade que pagou a tarifa receber\u00e1 o reembolso e, em seguida, decidir\u00e1 se os fundos devem ser retidos como um "lucro inesperado" ou repassados aos seus clientes. Essa decis\u00e3o, bem como a forma de realiz\u00e1-la, ficar\u00e1 totalmente a seu crit\u00e9rio. Manter registros precisos \u00e9 essencial, pois a quantia envolvida \u00e9 enorme.<\/p>\n

Existe tamb\u00e9m uma quest\u00e3o significativa de pre\u00e7os futuros. Muitos fornecedores internacionais internalizaram alguns desses custos. Os compradores americanos provavelmente desejar\u00e3o continuar pagando com base nos pre\u00e7os atuais, enquanto os exportadores buscar\u00e3o recuperar suas margens de lucro.<\/p>\n

O que vem a seguir<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Claramente, o governo espera que os pa\u00edses que assinaram "Acordos de Reciprocidade" cumpram o que foi acordado. Em muitos casos, isso inclui acordos para investir somas significativas de dinheiro nos EUA, e alguns desses acordos preveem tarifas alfandeg\u00e1rias acima de 15%. Ser\u00e1 interessante observar como os pa\u00edses reagir\u00e3o a essa nova realidade.<\/p>\n

O governo anunciou que iniciar\u00e1 imediatamente esfor\u00e7os acelerados para finalizar as tarifas da Se\u00e7\u00e3o 301 sobre um n\u00famero ainda n\u00e3o definido de pa\u00edses. Tamb\u00e9m acionou a autoridade da Se\u00e7\u00e3o 122, que permite tarifas de at\u00e9 15% por um per\u00edodo de 150 dias para compensar problemas na balan\u00e7a de pagamentos. O objetivo \u00e9 concluir essas avalia\u00e7\u00f5es antes do t\u00e9rmino do prazo de 150 dias da Se\u00e7\u00e3o 122. Embora isso possa ser poss\u00edvel, ser\u00e1 um enorme desafio incumbir o Departamento de Com\u00e9rcio e o Representante Comercial dos Estados Unidos (USTR) de desempenhar essa fun\u00e7\u00e3o em v\u00e1rios pa\u00edses simultaneamente. A autoridade da Se\u00e7\u00e3o 301 confere ao Presidente enorme poder de influ\u00eancia sobre as tarifas.<\/p>\n

Durante seu primeiro mandato, o Presidente obteve 301 poderes sobre a China. Os "per\u00edodos" relevantes para os agroqu\u00edmicos incluem o Per\u00edodo 3, atualmente tarifado a 25%, o Per\u00edodo 4a, atualmente tarifado a 7,5%, e o Per\u00edodo 4b, que ainda n\u00e3o foi implementado. Caso deseje, seria muito simples aumentar as tarifas do Per\u00edodo 3 para 30%, do Per\u00edodo 4a para 15% e implementar o Per\u00edodo 4b com uma tarifa de at\u00e9 15%. O Per\u00edodo 4b inclui produtos como glifosato, glufosinato, clorotalonil e oxifluorfeno, entre outros.<\/p>\n

Como voc\u00eas devem se lembrar, a quest\u00e3o que permitiu ao presidente adiar o aumento das tarifas foi a concord\u00e2ncia da China com o acordo comercial da \u201cFase Um\u201d. A China n\u00e3o cumpriu nem de perto os requisitos desse acordo.<\/p>\n

A perda das compet\u00eancias tarif\u00e1rias da IEEPA provavelmente aumentar\u00e1 a probabilidade de o governo pressionar a China por um "acordo de fase 2" que abranja as diversas quest\u00f5es priorizadas pela IEEPA.<\/p>\n

A \u00cdndia representa um desafio especial. Embora se espere que os EUA concluam um estudo de conformidade com a Se\u00e7\u00e3o 301 sobre a \u00cdndia, \u00e9 evidente que ambos os pa\u00edses est\u00e3o trabalhando para um acordo comercial formal. Tal acordo impediria a imposi\u00e7\u00e3o de tarifas significativas contra a \u00cdndia.<\/p>\n

A imposi\u00e7\u00e3o de tarifas sob a se\u00e7\u00e3o 122, assinada na sexta-feira \u00e0 noite, a uma taxa de 10%, parece incluir a mesma lista de exce\u00e7\u00f5es que fazia parte do regime de reciprocidade. O Presidente anunciou a inten\u00e7\u00e3o de elevar essa taxa para 15%. A utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o dessa se\u00e7\u00e3o da lei est\u00e1 causando alguns desafios, visto que a taxa precisa ser adicional \u00e0 taxa base normal de tarifa. A quest\u00e3o \u00e9 que, em muitos casos, os EUA fizeram acordos que limitam a taxa (UE, Jap\u00e3o, Coreia e v\u00e1rios outros) a 15%. Agora, como muitos produtos qu\u00edmicos t\u00eam uma taxa tarif\u00e1ria de 6,5%, a taxa para esses pa\u00edses ser\u00e1 de 16,5%, o que obviamente excede o acordo anterior de 15%. Aumentar a taxa para 15% agrava o problema, j\u00e1 que a nova taxa seria ent\u00e3o de 21,5%. Embora o governo esteja claramente determinado a aumentar a tarifa para 15%, precisa encontrar uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o alternativa para que os EUA n\u00e3o violem, na pr\u00e1tica, os acordos previamente assinados. H\u00e1 muito em jogo nesses acordos, especialmente para os pa\u00edses que tamb\u00e9m se comprometeram a investir bilh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares nos EUA como parte do pacto.<\/p>\n

Sendo assim, segue abaixo uma vers\u00e3o revisada da tabela tarif\u00e1ria que utilizamos anteriormente, comparando as taxas alfandeg\u00e1rias de produtos individuais entre a China e a \u00cdndia.\u00a0 Consulte seus pr\u00f3prios especialistas em tarifas e com\u00e9rcio antes de se basear em qualquer informa\u00e7\u00e3o contida nesta tabela.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
N\u00famero HTS<\/th>\nChina
\nTarifa Base<\/th>\n		China
\n301 Sobretaxa<\/th>\n		China
\n122 Tarifa<\/th>\n		China Total<\/th>\nProduto<\/th>\n\u00cdndia
\n122 Tarifa<\/th>\n		\u00cdndia Total<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Herbicidas Principais<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2918.99.20.10<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n7.5%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n24%<\/td>\n2,4 D<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2924.29.47.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nAcetocloro<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2933.69.60.21<\/td>\n3.5%<\/td>\n7.5%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n11%<\/td>\nAtrazina<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n3.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2926.90.23.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n7.5%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n24%<\/td>\nBromoxinil<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2926.90.25.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nBromoxinil Octano<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3808.93.15.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nBromoxinil Formulado<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2930.90.10.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nCletodim<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2934.99.15.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\nClomazona<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2918.99.20.50<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n7.5%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n24%<\/td>\nDicamba<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2931.59.00.80<\/td>\n3.7%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n3.7%<\/td>\nEtefon<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n3.7%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2935.90.75.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\nFlucarbazona<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2933.39.25.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\nFluroxipir<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2931.49.00.10<\/td>\n3.7%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n3.7%<\/td>\nGlufosinato<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n3.7%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2931.49.00.20<\/td>\n3.7%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n3.7%<\/td>\nGlifosato<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n3.7%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2918.99.20.15<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n7.5%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n24%<\/td>\nMCPA<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2930.90.10.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nMesotriona<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2933.69.60.21<\/td>\n3.5%<\/td>\n7.5%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n11%<\/td>\nMetribuzina<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n3.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2933.39.23.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\nParaquate<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2921.49.50.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n31.5%<\/td>\nPendimetalina<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2924.29.47.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nPropanil<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3808.93.15.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nFormulado com propanil<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2934.99.90.01<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\nPiroxasulfona<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2924.29.47.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nS-Moc<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2935.90.75.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\nSulfentrazona<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2921.43.15.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nTrifluralina<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mais formulado<\/strong><\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nArom\u00e1tico<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mais formulado<\/strong><\/td>\n5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n40%<\/td>\nN\u00e3o arom\u00e1tico<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n15%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
N\u00famero HTS<\/th>\nChina
\nTarifa Base<\/th>\n		China
\n301 Sobretaxa<\/th>\n		China
\n122 Tarifa<\/th>\n		China Total<\/th>\nProduto<\/th>\n\u00cdndia
\n122 Tarifa<\/th>\n		\u00cdndia Total<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Inseticidas essenciais<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2932.20.50.50<\/td>\nLivre \u2013 lista K<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\nAbamectina<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2930.90.43.95<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nAcefato<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2933.39.27.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\nAcetamiprida<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2928.00.25.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n31.5%<\/td>\nBifenazato<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2916.20.50.00<\/td>\n3.7%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n28.7%<\/td>\nBifentrina<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n3.7%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2924.29.28.00<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\nDiflubenzur\u00e3o<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2933.39.27.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\nImidacloprida<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2926.90.16.00<\/td>\nlivre<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n40%<\/td>\nLambda Cialotrina<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n15%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3808.91.25.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nLambda Cy Formulado<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2924.21.45.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nNovalur\u00e3o<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2930.90.43.95<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nOxamil<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2916.20.50.00<\/td>\nLivre \u2013 lista K<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\nPermetrina<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2920.90.10.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nPropargite<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mais formulado<\/strong><\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nArom\u00e1tico<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mais formulado<\/strong><\/td>\n5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n40%<\/td>\nN\u00e3o arom\u00e1tico<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n15%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
N\u00famero HTS<\/th>\nChina
\nTarifa Base<\/th>\n		China
\n301 Sobretaxa<\/th>\n		China
\n122 Tarifa<\/th>\n		China Total<\/th>\nProduto<\/th>\n\u00cdndia
\n122 Tarifa<\/th>\n		\u00cdndia Total<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Principais fungicidas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2933.59.15.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\nAzoxistrobina *<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2930.90.43.95<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nCapit\u00e3o<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2926.90.21.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\nClorotalonil<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2833.25.00.00<\/td>\n1.4%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n26.4%<\/td>\nSulfato de cobre<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n1.4%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2933.99.22.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\nIpconazol<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3808.92.24.00<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n35%<\/td>\nMancozeb<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n15%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3808.92.50.80<\/td>\n5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n40%<\/td>\nEnxofre Micronizado<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n15%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2934.99.12.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\nPropiconazol<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2933.99.22.00<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\nTebuconazol<\/td>\n0%<\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mais formulado<\/strong><\/td>\n6.5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n41.5%<\/td>\nArom\u00e1tico<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n16.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mais formulado<\/strong><\/td>\n5%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n40%<\/td>\nN\u00e3o arom\u00e1tico<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n15%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O conflito entre as autoridades tarif\u00e1rias prepara o terreno para batalhas por reembolsos, escalonamentos do Artigo 301 e novas press\u00f5es sobre os pre\u00e7os em toda a cadeia de suprimentos de agroqu\u00edmicos.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":110,"featured_media":80695,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1917,4],"tags":[1708],"class_list":["post-134054","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-abg-update-feature","category-agrochemicals","tag-tariffs"],"yoast_head":"\nPresident Trump\u2019s State of Union Defies U.S. Supreme Courts Tariffs Rule - AgriBusiness Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Tariff authority clash sets stage for refund battles, 301 escalations, and new pricing pressures across agrochemical supply chains.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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