{"id":134140,"date":"2023-07-01T16:43:38","date_gmt":"2023-07-01T20:43:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/?p=134140"},"modified":"2026-03-06T13:02:16","modified_gmt":"2026-03-06T18:02:16","slug":"seed-market-and-crop-production-in-central-america","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/markets\/americas\/seed-market-and-crop-production-in-central-america\/","title":{"rendered":"Mercado de sementes e produ\u00e7\u00e3o agr\u00edcola na Am\u00e9rica Central"},"content":{"rendered":"

Este artigo descrever\u00e1 o valor da produ\u00e7\u00e3o de sementes e culturas comercializadas na Am\u00e9rica Central, com foco nos principais mercados da regi\u00e3o, examinando a situa\u00e7\u00e3o atual do mercado.<\/em><\/p>\n

Vis\u00e3o geral do mercado de sementes da Am\u00e9rica Central<\/h2>\n

Na an\u00e1lise da AgbioInvestor do mercado global de sementes comercializadas, a Am\u00e9rica Central \u00e9 um subsetor do grande mercado da Am\u00e9rica Central e do Sul.<\/p>\n

Na Am\u00e9rica Central, os principais mercados s\u00e3o o M\u00e9xico e Honduras, seguidos pela Guatemala. O M\u00e9xico lidera em valor, representando quase 961 mil toneladas do valor regional. Ao contr\u00e1rio da Am\u00e9rica do Sul, a soja n\u00e3o \u00e9 a cultura dominante, nem em \u00e1rea cultivada nem em valor, sendo o milho a cultura mais valiosa.<\/p>\n

Como resultado da mistura de culturas cultivadas no M\u00e9xico e do uso de sementes economizadas pelos agricultores e fornecidas pelo governo, o valor do mercado de sementes comercializadas no pa\u00eds \u00e9 relativamente baixo, em $813 milh\u00f5es em 2021. No entanto, apesar disso, o valor do mercado de sementes mexicano \u00e9 significativamente maior do que o de seus vizinhos regionais, pois representa quase 96% do valor do mercado de sementes comercializadas da Am\u00e9rica Central.<\/p>\n

No M\u00e9xico, o milho \u00e9 uma cultura importante, tanto para consumo quanto culturalmente, pois se entende que o milho \u00e9 origin\u00e1rio do pa\u00eds. O milho \u00e9 tipicamente cultivado em dois per\u00edodos, ver\u00e3o e inverno. O cultivo de ver\u00e3o ocorre entre abril e janeiro, enquanto o cultivo de inverno ocorre entre novembro e julho. A cultura de ver\u00e3o representa aproximadamente 70% da produ\u00e7\u00e3o total. O cultivo de milho no M\u00e9xico \u00e9 totalmente convencional, pois o pa\u00eds n\u00e3o permite a produ\u00e7\u00e3o comercial de variedades geneticamente modificadas (GM).<\/p>\n

Em 2022, o M\u00e9xico consumiu 161% de sua produ\u00e7\u00e3o nacional, o que significa que o pa\u00eds teve que importar 17,7 milh\u00f5es de toneladas para satisfazer a demanda dom\u00e9stica e sustentar os estoques finais. O M\u00e9xico normalmente obt\u00e9m a maior parte de suas importa\u00e7\u00f5es de milho dos Estados Unidos. Nos \u00faltimos 10 anos, o M\u00e9xico produziu em m\u00e9dia 26,1 milh\u00f5es de toneladas por ano, enquanto consumiu 39,4 milh\u00f5es de toneladas. O consumo para ra\u00e7\u00e3o animal agora constitui a maior parte do uso dom\u00e9stico.<\/p>\n

Depois do milho e dos vegetais, o pr\u00f3ximo setor de sementes mais valioso no M\u00e9xico \u00e9 o de cereais, composto principalmente de sorgo, trigo e cevada. Somadas, essas culturas foram plantadas em um total de 2,2 milh\u00f5es de hectares em 2021, uma queda de 5,2% em rela\u00e7\u00e3o ao ano anterior. No entanto, neste n\u00edvel, a \u00e1rea plantada inclui aquelas de fontes economizadas pelo agricultor\/fornecidas pelo governo. Quando apenas variedades comerciais s\u00e3o contadas, a \u00e1rea plantada que essas culturas cobrem \u00e9 menor.<\/p>\n

O valor do mercado de sementes de algod\u00e3o do pa\u00eds \u00e9 bem pequeno, de $14 milh\u00f5es em 2021, devido \u00e0 \u00e1rea plantada relativamente pequena. No entanto, o algod\u00e3o \u00e9 a \u00fanica cultura geneticamente modificada (GM) cultivada no pa\u00eds, com os primeiros plantios ocorrendo em 1998. Assim como o milho, o algod\u00e3o \u00e9 cultivado em dois per\u00edodos; a primeira safra que \u00e9 cultivada de fevereiro a dezembro e a segunda que \u00e9 cultivada de agosto a fevereiro.<\/p>\n

O governo mexicano assumiu uma posi\u00e7\u00e3o anti-OGM e anti-glifosato, tendo cessado as aprova\u00e7\u00f5es de importa\u00e7\u00e3o de gr\u00e3os contendo caracter\u00edsticas GM em 2018 e eliminado o uso do herbicida glifosato at\u00e9 2024. Os governos mexicano e norte-americano debateram recentemente o desejo do M\u00e9xico de restringir as importa\u00e7\u00f5es de milho dos EUA provenientes da produ\u00e7\u00e3o de milho transg\u00eanico. No entanto, essa posi\u00e7\u00e3o suavizou-se um pouco com o uso de gr\u00e3os derivados de transg\u00eanicos apenas na alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o animal.<\/p>\n

Como parte desse ponto de vista anti-OGM, o pa\u00eds tamb\u00e9m n\u00e3o aprovou nenhum pedido de licen\u00e7a para cultivo de algod\u00e3o desde 2019, resultando na redu\u00e7\u00e3o da disponibilidade de sementes de algod\u00e3o OGM e em um decl\u00ednio significativo nas taxas de ado\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Atualmente, a expectativa para o cultivo de milho em 2023 \u00e9 de um aumento de 0,7% na \u00e1rea, para atingir 7,25 milh\u00f5es de hectares, com a produ\u00e7\u00e3o atualmente prevista para permanecer est\u00e1vel, resultando em um pequeno decl\u00ednio no rendimento. Foi relatado que, apesar do aumento da demanda dom\u00e9stica, os produtores est\u00e3o sendo desincentivados a cultivar milho devido aos altos custos cont\u00ednuos de insumos e \u00e0 falta de \u00e1gua em \u00e1reas n\u00e3o irrigadas. No algod\u00e3o, a \u00e1rea plantada em 2023 deve cair em 25,7%, enquanto a produ\u00e7\u00e3o deve diminuir em 13,7%. O decl\u00ednio na \u00e1rea \u00e9 uma resposta \u00e0 baixa demanda dom\u00e9stica e internacional por t\u00eaxteis, \u00e0 cont\u00ednua n\u00e3o aprova\u00e7\u00e3o de novas variedades de sementes GM e \u00e0 disponibilidade reduzida de glifosato.<\/p>\n

Honduras<\/h2>\n

O mercado de sementes comercializadas \u00e9 consideravelmente menor em Honduras do que no M\u00e9xico, com apenas $23 milh\u00f5es em 2021. O milho \u00e9 a cultura mais valiosa do pa\u00eds, representando pouco mais de 80% do valor do mercado de sementes comercializadas do pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n

Existem tr\u00eas safras de milho em Honduras, maio-outubro, agosto-fevereiro e dezembro-abril, produzindo tipicamente em m\u00e9dia 0,49 milh\u00f5es de toneladas por ano. Honduras consumiu 260% de sua produ\u00e7\u00e3o nacional em 2022, tendo que importar significativamente mais milho do que produziu. Nos \u00faltimos 10 anos, Honduras produziu em m\u00e9dia 0,49 milh\u00f5es de toneladas por ano, enquanto consumiu 1,1 milh\u00f5es de toneladas. Os n\u00edveis de consumo entre alimentos e ra\u00e7\u00e3o animal t\u00eam sido historicamente semelhantes, no entanto, nos \u00faltimos anos, a ra\u00e7\u00e3o animal se tornou o principal consumidor de milho no pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n

Honduras cultiva apenas uma cultura geneticamente modificada, o milho, com os primeiros plantios ocorrendo em 2007. A utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o da tecnologia GM continua baixa em 15,3% da \u00e1rea total de milho do pa\u00eds, representando 52.000 hectares em 2022. Como em muitos pa\u00edses, variedades de genes empilhados formam a maioria da \u00e1rea plantada de GM.<\/p>\n

Atualmente, prev\u00ea-se que em 2023 a \u00e1rea total plantada com milho em Honduras se mantenha est\u00e1vel em rela\u00e7\u00e3o ao ano anterior.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Este artigo descrever\u00e1 o valor das sementes comercializadas e da produ\u00e7\u00e3o agr\u00edcola na Am\u00e9rica Central, com foco em\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1477,"featured_media":134131,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[26,926],"tags":[1996],"class_list":["post-134140","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-americas","category-plant-health","tag-abg-direct-july-2023"],"yoast_head":"\nSeed Market and Crop Production in Central America - AgriBusiness Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This article will describe the value of traded seed and crop production in Central America, with a focus on the leading markets in the region, examining\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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