{"id":134291,"date":"2023-09-01T15:19:07","date_gmt":"2023-09-01T19:19:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/?p=134291"},"modified":"2026-03-17T16:37:13","modified_gmt":"2026-03-17T20:37:13","slug":"gm-seed-market-situation-and-potential-in-africa-and-middle-east","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/markets\/africa-middle-east\/gm-seed-market-situation-and-potential-in-africa-and-middle-east\/","title":{"rendered":"Situa\u00e7\u00e3o e potencial do mercado de sementes GM na \u00c1frica e no Oriente M\u00e9dio"},"content":{"rendered":"

Este artigo descrever\u00e1 o valor da produ\u00e7\u00e3o de sementes e culturas comercializadas na \u00c1frica e no Oriente M\u00e9dio, com foco nos principais mercados da regi\u00e3o, examinando a situa\u00e7\u00e3o atual do mercado.<\/em><\/p>\n

Vis\u00e3o geral do mercado de sementes da \u00c1frica e Oriente M\u00e9dio<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Apesar de uma grande \u00e1rea ar\u00e1vel, a regi\u00e3o da \u00c1frica e Oriente M\u00e9dio representou apenas 5% do valor global de sementes comercializadas em 2021, devido \u00e0s taxas relativamente baixas de cultivo de sementes comercializadas. Os vegetais s\u00e3o de longe o setor de sementes mais valioso na regi\u00e3o, formando mais da metade do valor de sementes comercializadas nas regi\u00f5es. Uma das principais raz\u00f5es para isso \u00e9 que os vegetais nesses pa\u00edses s\u00e3o frequentemente cultivados para exporta\u00e7\u00e3o para mercados estrangeiros, como a Europa. Vegetais de alto valor produzidos a partir de h\u00edbridos F1, o que resulta em produtos previs\u00edveis e uniformes, e devido aos requisitos de melhoramento, as sementes s\u00e3o vendidas a um pre\u00e7o mais alto e variedades n\u00e3o h\u00edbridas.<\/p>\n

A tabela abaixo mostra os principais mercados de sementes comercializadas por valor. A tabela tamb\u00e9m mostra a propor\u00e7\u00e3o do valor total derivado de sementes de vegetais. \u00c9 claro ver a import\u00e2ncia em termos de valor dos vegetais, com a maior parte do valor vindo da cultura na Turquia, Egito, Ir\u00e3, Israel, Arg\u00e9lia e Marrocos.<\/p>\n

Quando os vegetais s\u00e3o exclu\u00eddos, os mercados de sementes mais valiosas comercializadas, e sua cultura mais valiosa depois dos vegetais, s\u00e3o \u00c1frica do Sul (milho), Turquia (girassol), Egito (arroz), Tanz\u00e2nia (arroz) e Nig\u00e9ria (arroz).<\/p>\n

H\u00e1 um potencial desenvolvimento de valor para a regi\u00e3o como um todo, por meio do aumento da utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de variedades vendidas comercialmente, bem como da ado\u00e7\u00e3o de variedades que possuem caracter\u00edsticas geneticamente modificadas (GM). O restante deste artigo discutir\u00e1 a situa\u00e7\u00e3o atual das culturas GM na \u00c1frica e no Oriente M\u00e9dio, bem como o potencial de valor real a termo (excluindo infla\u00e7\u00e3o e taxas de c\u00e2mbio para focar no volume) das culturas GM uma vez que a maturidade de ado\u00e7\u00e3o tenha sido alcan\u00e7ada. A an\u00e1lise manter\u00e1 o total plantado atual, os pre\u00e7os das sementes GM e o portf\u00f3lio de produtos GM est\u00e1ticos, enquanto aumenta as taxas de ado\u00e7\u00e3o GM para os n\u00edveis maduros esperados.<\/p>\n

As \u00e1reas plantadas com GM e as taxas de ado\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00e3o obtidas do servi\u00e7o de acesso gratuito da AgbioInvestor, GM Monitor\u00a0https:\/\/gm.agbioinvestor.com\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Mercado de sementes GM na \u00c1frica e no Oriente M\u00e9dio<\/strong><\/h2>\n

A \u00c1frica e o Oriente M\u00e9dio plantaram 3,4 milh\u00f5es de hectares de culturas GM em 2022, incluindo sementes salvas pelos agricultores e fornecidas pelo governo, um aumento de 8,41 TP3T em rela\u00e7\u00e3o ao ano anterior. A \u00c1frica do Sul \u00e9 a impulsionadora do cultivo GM da regi\u00e3o, pois representa mais de 901 TP3T da \u00e1rea plantada com GM. De 2008 a 2015, Burkina Faso cultivou algod\u00e3o GM, no entanto, os plantios terminaram porque foi relatado que as variedades contendo caracter\u00edsticas GM n\u00e3o estavam rendendo o suficiente. Desde 2012, outros pa\u00edses da regi\u00e3o come\u00e7aram o cultivo de culturas GM e a \u00c1frica agora representa uma regi\u00e3o com potencial de cultivo GM.<\/p>\n

\u00c1frica do Sul<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u00c1rea em 2022:<\/strong>\u00a03.195 ha m. (+8,8%)
\nCulturas GM (ano de introdu\u00e7\u00e3o):<\/strong>\u00a0Algod\u00e3o (1997), Milho (1999<\/p>\n

A \u00c1frica do Sul possui a s\u00e9tima maior \u00e1rea de cultivos geneticamente modificados do mundo, com 3,2 milh\u00f5es de hectares em 2022. Dentro disso, o milho constitui a maior parte da \u00e1rea geneticamente modificada do pa\u00eds, 72% do total da \u00c1frica do Sul.<\/p>\n

O milho GM foi plantado pela primeira vez em 1999 em 0,1% iniciais da \u00e1rea total de milho do pa\u00eds. Somente em 2019 as taxas de ado\u00e7\u00e3o ultrapassaram 90%, mas desde ent\u00e3o a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o percentual caiu marginalmente para 87,7% em 2022. 65,8% da \u00e1rea total de milho do pa\u00eds \u00e9 plantada com variedades de genes empilhados, com variedades tolerantes somente a herbicidas formando o pr\u00f3ximo maior grupo com 15,8% da \u00e1rea total. Variedades convencionais que n\u00e3o possuem nenhuma caracter\u00edstica GM representam aproximadamente 12,3% da \u00e1rea total, enquanto variedades resistentes somente a insetos s\u00e3o plantadas em aproximadamente 6,1% da \u00e1rea total de milho do pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n

A soja GM foi cultivada pela primeira vez na \u00c1frica do Sul em 2001. Nos 20 anos desde a comercializa\u00e7\u00e3o, as planta\u00e7\u00f5es GM agora representam 95% da \u00e1rea total de soja do pa\u00eds. Em 2022, quase 0,9 milh\u00f5es de hectares de soja GM foram cultivados, um aumento de 11,8% em rela\u00e7\u00e3o ao ano anterior. A \u00e1rea GM \u00e9 plantada exclusivamente com variedades Roundup Ready (tolerantes ao glifosato).<\/p>\n

O algod\u00e3o GM foi plantado em uma pequena \u00e1rea na \u00c1frica do Sul em 0,02 milh\u00f5es de hectares em 2022, um aumento de 1,1% em rela\u00e7\u00e3o ao ano anterior. O algod\u00e3o GM foi introduzido em 1997, quando apenas variedades resistentes a insetos foram utilizadas, no entanto, em 2022, variedades de genes empilhados formaram a maioria da \u00e1rea total de algod\u00e3o em aproximadamente 90%.<\/p>\n

O valor do mercado de sementes GM da \u00c1frica do Sul foi de $270 milh\u00f5es em 2017, com o milho formando 83,1% desse valor. Conforme mostrado no gr\u00e1fico de taxa de ado\u00e7\u00e3o acima, a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de GM na \u00c1frica do Sul est\u00e1 efetivamente madura, pois todas as culturas est\u00e3o pr\u00f3ximas de 90% ou acima. Como resultado, qualquer desenvolvimento futuro do valor desses setores de culturas vir\u00e1 da transi\u00e7\u00e3o de portf\u00f3lio para variedades de genes empilhados de pre\u00e7o mais alto ou da comercializa\u00e7\u00e3o de nova tecnologia de caracter\u00edsticas de entrada ou sa\u00edda.<\/p>\n

Sud\u00e3o<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u00c1rea em 2022:<\/strong>\u00a00,216 ha m (0,0%)
\nCulturas GM (ano de introdu\u00e7\u00e3o):<\/strong>\u00a0Algod\u00e3o (2012)<\/p>\n

O Sud\u00e3o s\u00f3 cultivou algod\u00e3o GM nos \u00faltimos 10 anos. Durante os quais as taxas de ado\u00e7\u00e3o aumentaram para atingir 98,0% da \u00e1rea total de algod\u00e3o do pa\u00eds. Durante o primeiro ano de comercializa\u00e7\u00e3o, a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o percentual foi de 13,3%, no entanto, isso rapidamente saltou para 98% em quatro anos.<\/p>\n

A \u00e1rea de algod\u00e3o GM do Sud\u00e3o \u00e9 plantada apenas com variedades resistentes a insetos, geralmente contendo a caracter\u00edstica Bollgard da Bayer.<\/p>\n

O valor do setor de sementes de algod\u00e3o GM do Sud\u00e3o foi de $10,3 milh\u00f5es em 2021. No entanto, como mostra o gr\u00e1fico de ado\u00e7\u00e3o de GM acima, os produtores sudaneses foram r\u00e1pidos em utilizar a tecnologia ap\u00f3s sua comercializa\u00e7\u00e3o, com efetivamente toda a \u00e1rea de algod\u00e3o do pa\u00eds sob variedades GM. Para que o mercado de sementes de algod\u00e3o GM do pa\u00eds aumente em valor, novas tecnologias precisam ser comercializadas.<\/p>\n

Eti\u00f3pia<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u00c1rea em 2022:<\/strong>\u00a00,0089 ha m. (+25,4%)
\nCulturas GM (ano de introdu\u00e7\u00e3o):<\/strong>\u00a0Algod\u00e3o (2012)<\/p>\n

A Eti\u00f3pia come\u00e7ou recentemente o cultivo de algod\u00e3o GM, com os primeiros plantios ocorrendo em 2019. Apesar do grande aumento percentual em 2022, os plantios GM foram de apenas 8.900 hectares, representando 10,9% da \u00e1rea total de algod\u00e3o do pa\u00eds. O governo et\u00edope autorizou o uso de sementes provenientes da \u00cdndia, normalmente JK Agri Genetics, no entanto, desde ent\u00e3o, houve um uso maior de sementes compradas de fontes n\u00e3o certificadas na fronteira et\u00edope.<\/p>\n

Em uma situa\u00e7\u00e3o semelhante \u00e0 do Sud\u00e3o, a \u00e1rea de algod\u00e3o geneticamente modificado da Eti\u00f3pia \u00e9 plantada apenas com variedades resistentes a insetos.<\/p>\n

Em 2021, o valor do mercado de sementes de algod\u00e3o GM da Eti\u00f3pia foi de $0,13 milh\u00f5es devido \u00e0 baixa \u00e1rea plantada com variedades GM. Se for assumido que o pa\u00eds foi capaz de atingir uma taxa de ado\u00e7\u00e3o madura de 98%, significando que 98% da \u00e1rea total de algod\u00e3o do pa\u00eds foi plantada com variedades GM, o valor do setor de sementes de algod\u00e3o GM do pa\u00eds aumentaria para $3,8 milh\u00f5es. Esse aumento no valor n\u00e3o apenas faz a transi\u00e7\u00e3o da \u00e1rea de sementes convencionais para sementes GM, mas tamb\u00e9m inclui a transi\u00e7\u00e3o de sementes n\u00e3o comercializadas para vendas de sementes comerciais.<\/p>\n

Qu\u00eania<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u00c1rea em 2022:<\/strong>\u00a00,004 ha m. (+663,6%)
\nCulturas GM (ano de introdu\u00e7\u00e3o):<\/strong>\u00a0Algod\u00e3o (2020)<\/p>\n

O Qu\u00eania plantou suas primeiras variedades comerciais de algod\u00e3o GM em 2020. Nos dois anos seguintes, as planta\u00e7\u00f5es aumentaram para 4.000 hectares, representando 21,3% da \u00e1rea total de algod\u00e3o do Qu\u00eania em 2022. O governo do Qu\u00eania sinalizou que planeja aumentar o n\u00edvel de cultivo para mais de 16.000 hectares at\u00e9 2024.<\/p>\n

Em 2021, o valor do setor de sementes de algod\u00e3o GM do Qu\u00eania foi de $0,03 milh\u00f5es como resultado da baixa \u00e1rea em que a tecnologia foi implantada. Se o pa\u00eds visse uma taxa de utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de 98%, o valor aumentaria para atingir $0,88 milh\u00f5es. Esse aumento no valor n\u00e3o apenas faz a transi\u00e7\u00e3o da \u00e1rea de sementes convencionais para sementes GM, mas tamb\u00e9m inclui a transi\u00e7\u00e3o de sementes n\u00e3o comercializadas para vendas de sementes comerciais.<\/p>\n

Nig\u00e9ria<\/strong><\/h2>\n

A Nig\u00e9ria come\u00e7ou o cultivo de algod\u00e3o GM e feij\u00e3o-caupi. No entanto, o algod\u00e3o GM ainda est\u00e1 supostamente em sua fase de teste, enquanto o feij\u00e3o-caupi GM come\u00e7ou o plantio comercial em 2022. Dados da Nig\u00e9ria s\u00e3o atualmente dif\u00edceis de obter e a AgbioInvestor est\u00e1 trabalhando para estabelecer esses dados.<\/p>\n

Conclus\u00e3o<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Em termos de valor, a regi\u00e3o da \u00c1frica e Oriente M\u00e9dio como um todo est\u00e1 atualmente se aproximando do limite do valor derivado de sua \u00e1rea de sementes GM. Isso \u00e9 resultado da \u00c1frica do Sul, um dos mercados de sementes mais valiosos da regi\u00e3o, ter uma \u00e1rea efetivamente madura de sementes GM plantadas. Em pa\u00edses onde as taxas de utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o atuais s\u00e3o baixas, o crescimento do valor em termos absolutos \u00e9 limitado devido \u00e0s pequenas \u00e1reas totais. No caso do Qu\u00eania, a \u00e1rea total de algod\u00e3o no pa\u00eds \u00e9 inferior a 200.000 hectares, o que limita o valor total que pode ser derivado da \u00e1rea.<\/p>\n

\u00c9 poss\u00edvel que o valor seja aumentado al\u00e9m do incremento nas taxas de ado\u00e7\u00e3o por meio de diversos processos. Nem todas as variedades de culturas transg\u00eanicas s\u00e3o h\u00edbridas; no caso da soja, todas as variedades s\u00e3o n\u00e3o h\u00edbridas, enquanto no algod\u00e3o \u00e9 comum o uso de caracter\u00edsticas transg\u00eanicas em variedades n\u00e3o h\u00edbridas de poliniza\u00e7\u00e3o aberta. Ao migrar \u00e1reas para variedades transg\u00eanicas h\u00edbridas, o pre\u00e7o m\u00e9dio das sementes pode aumentar para refletir o potencial de maior rendimento ou qualidade da produ\u00e7\u00e3o decorrente do cultivo de variedades h\u00edbridas. O valor pode ser aumentado pela transi\u00e7\u00e3o dos produtores de culturas com uma \u00fanica caracter\u00edstica transg\u00eanica, como apenas toler\u00e2ncia a herbicidas ou resist\u00eancia a insetos, para o cultivo de culturas com m\u00faltiplos genes, que incluem toler\u00e2ncia a herbicidas e resist\u00eancia a insetos, em diferentes n\u00edveis de complexidade. Outro fator a ser explorado \u00e9 a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de caracter\u00edsticas de produ\u00e7\u00e3o, como toler\u00e2ncia \u00e0 seca, perfil de \u00f3leo modificado ou aumento de produtividade. Por fim, a fonte mais prov\u00e1vel de crescimento do valor do setor de sementes transg\u00eanicas na regi\u00e3o \u00e9 a dissemina\u00e7\u00e3o da tecnologia para outros pa\u00edses. Atualmente, o cultivo de culturas transg\u00eanicas est\u00e1 limitado a cinco pa\u00edses: \u00c1frica do Sul, Sud\u00e3o, Eti\u00f3pia, Qu\u00eania e Nig\u00e9ria, sendo que v\u00e1rios deles plantaram suas primeiras culturas transg\u00eanicas comerciais nos \u00faltimos anos. \u00c9 prov\u00e1vel que, \u00e0 medida que outros pa\u00edses africanos e do Oriente M\u00e9dio aumentem o valor da sua produ\u00e7\u00e3o agr\u00edcola, mais pa\u00edses autorizem o cultivo de culturas com tecnologia geneticamente modificada, visto que isso representa uma potencial redu\u00e7\u00e3o de custos e facilidade de cultivo.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Este artigo descrever\u00e1 o valor das sementes comercializadas e da produ\u00e7\u00e3o agr\u00edcola na \u00c1frica e no Oriente M\u00e9dio, com uma\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1477,"featured_media":69070,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[25,4,926],"tags":[1995],"class_list":["post-134291","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-africa-middle-east","category-agrochemicals","category-plant-health","tag-abg-direct-september-2023"],"yoast_head":"\nGM Seed Market Situation and Potential in Africa and Middle East - AgriBusiness Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This article will describe the value of traded seed and crop production in Africa and the Middle East, with a focus on the leading markets in the region,\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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