Biocombust\u00edveis \u2013 Seu impacto na produ\u00e7\u00e3o agr\u00edcola em todo o mundo<\/a>\u201d, escrito para o benef\u00edcio das ind\u00fastrias agroqu\u00edmicas e de outros insumos agr\u00edcolas, projeta que tr\u00eas regi\u00f5es e quatro culturas dominam o cen\u00e1rio dos biocombust\u00edveis hoje e continuar\u00e3o a faz\u00ea-lo at\u00e9 2013 e al\u00e9m.<\/p>\nO Brasil lidera o caminho. Em 2008, metade dos 6,5 milh\u00f5es de hectares de cana-de-a\u00e7\u00facar colhidos foi usada para produ\u00e7\u00e3o de bioetanol. Com base na demanda local e investimentos em andamento, ou planejados, mais 2 milh\u00f5es a 3 milh\u00f5es de hectares de cana precisar\u00e3o ser plantados at\u00e9 2013. O Brasil est\u00e1 bem posicionado para ter pastagens dispon\u00edveis sem invadir a floresta tropical. O baixo custo de produ\u00e7\u00e3o tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 uma grande vantagem. O Brasil e a Argentina tamb\u00e9m est\u00e3o fortemente comprometidos com a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de biodiesel a partir da soja. J\u00e1 cerca de 8% de soja brasileira s\u00e3o cultivadas para biodiesel com at\u00e9 20% da \u00e1rea projetada at\u00e9 2013. Grande parte do biodiesel produzido na Am\u00e9rica Latina \u00e9 para exporta\u00e7\u00e3o, com a UE como o principal mercado.<\/p>\n
Nos EUA, a escassez de terras para cultivar milho para bioetanol \u00e9 um problema importante. A pressa inicial para investir em plantas de processamento e o consequente efeito nos mercados de ra\u00e7\u00e3o e instabilidade de pre\u00e7os foi um fator importante para ati\u00e7ar o debate "alimento versus combust\u00edvel" em escala global. Cerca de 17% de milho dos EUA foram usados para bioetanol em 2008. Em 2013, podem ser 25%. N\u00e3o \u00e9 frequentemente mencionado pelos antagonistas o fato de que o gr\u00e3o de destilaria, uma rica fonte de prote\u00edna recuperada de plantas de bioetanol, contribui muito para reduzir o impacto nos mercados de ra\u00e7\u00e3o de milho.<\/p>\n
A UE \u00e9 l\u00edder global na produ\u00e7\u00e3o de biodiesel, principalmente a partir de \u00f3leo de colza e \u00f3leo de girassol. A Alemanha \u00e9, de fato, o produtor n\u00famero 1 do mundo. O \u00f3leo diesel \u00e9 mais popular na UE do que em muitos mercados e, com uma meta de 5.75% de combust\u00edveis de transporte provenientes de fontes renov\u00e1veis at\u00e9 2010, isso levou \u00e0 instala\u00e7\u00e3o de mais de 270 usinas na regi\u00e3o. Parte do biodiesel continuar\u00e1 a vir de importa\u00e7\u00f5es, pois mais da metade da colza j\u00e1 \u00e9 usada para biodiesel. No entanto, projeta-se que ser\u00e3o necess\u00e1rios mais 3 milh\u00f5es a 4 milh\u00f5es de hectares.<\/p>\n
A China converteu 20% de sua safra de milho em bioetanol em 2008. Mas o governo chin\u00eas est\u00e1 tentando evitar o conflito com os mercados de ra\u00e7\u00e3o e est\u00e1 buscando desenvolver a mandioca como uma fonte para o futuro.<\/p>\n
As despesas anuais estimadas com agroqu\u00edmicos at\u00e9 2013, especificamente para culturas de biocombust\u00edveis, s\u00e3o: US$ $750 milh\u00f5es em cana-de-a\u00e7\u00facar no Brasil, US$ $1,6 bilh\u00e3o em milho nos EUA e US$ $1,8 bilh\u00e3o em colza na UE. A situa\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 bastante din\u00e2mica, no entanto. As estimativas de crescimento para os EUA foram reduzidas desde as previs\u00f5es feitas em 2008 devido \u00e0 instabilidade do mercado. Enquanto isso, mais tarde em 2010, a UE est\u00e1 programada para introduzir novos crit\u00e9rios de sustentabilidade que podem afetar a propor\u00e7\u00e3o de tonelagem de biodiesel produzido localmente para importado.<\/p>\n
Mas uma coisa \u00e9 clara: a demanda por culturas de biocombust\u00edveis aumentar\u00e1 por mais alguns anos e em quase todas as regi\u00f5es produtoras de culturas do mundo. Muitos pa\u00edses asi\u00e1ticos, embora come\u00e7ando mais tarde, mostram todos os sinais de que est\u00e3o se voltando para o consumo de biocombust\u00edveis e, quando poss\u00edvel, para a produ\u00e7\u00e3o local. Fontes n\u00e3o agr\u00edcolas, como o biodiesel de algas, parecem encorajadoras, mas \u00e9 muito cedo para dizer se, e quando, elas causar\u00e3o um impacto significativo. <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Apesar do desenvolvimento da produ\u00e7\u00e3o de biocombust\u00edveis de segunda gera\u00e7\u00e3o, particularmente nos EUA, ser\u00e1 bioetanol e biodiesel de processos convencionais\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":110,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[293],"class_list":["post-19357","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-markets","tag-biofuel"],"yoast_head":"\n
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