{"id":49002,"date":"2014-04-25T11:28:38","date_gmt":"2014-04-25T15:28:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.farmchemicalsinternational.com\/?p=49002"},"modified":"2021-05-24T14:52:39","modified_gmt":"2021-05-24T18:52:39","slug":"how-chinas-export-laws-are-affecting-supply","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/agrochemicals\/how-chinas-export-laws-are-affecting-supply\/","title":{"rendered":"Como as leis de exporta\u00e7\u00e3o da China est\u00e3o afetando o fornecimento"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"David

David Wan<\/p><\/div>\n

No final de 2013 at\u00e9 o presente, o registro para pesticidas somente para exporta\u00e7\u00e3o foi suspenso pelo ICAMA (Instituto de Controle de Agroqu\u00edmicos do Minist\u00e9rio da Agricultura). As mudan\u00e7as eram de certa forma esperadas, pois o ICAMA continua a revisar e atualizar seu sistema de registro de pesticidas. A vers\u00e3o preliminar do novo regulamento de pesticidas foi emitida para coment\u00e1rios p\u00fablicos desde 2011, e a vers\u00e3o final ainda n\u00e3o foi publicada. As medidas administrativas sobre o registro para pesticidas somente para exporta\u00e7\u00e3o tamb\u00e9m foram inclu\u00eddas nesta vers\u00e3o preliminar. Agora, \u00e9 um momento muito cr\u00edtico para discuss\u00e3o interna dentro do ICAMA, onde decis\u00f5es cuidadosas para esta vers\u00e3o preliminar est\u00e3o sendo tomadas.<\/p>\n

Atualmente, embora novas aplica\u00e7\u00f5es tenham sido suspensas, registrantes anteriores ainda podem exportar seus produtos pesticidas. Este evento de suspens\u00e3o afeta apenas as empresas que pretendem solicitar o certificado para pesticida somente para exporta\u00e7\u00e3o. No entanto, devemos reconhecer que \u00e9 um golpe consider\u00e1vel para essas empresas.<\/p>\n

Como chegamos aqui<\/strong>
\nDe acordo com o Regulamento sobre Administra\u00e7\u00e3o de Pesticidas (RPA) emitido pelo Conselho de Estado em maio de 1997 e alterado em novembro de 2001, os produtos pesticidas devem ser registrados no ICAMA e tamb\u00e9m devem obter um Certificado de Pesticida da China antes de qualquer fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o na China e importa\u00e7\u00e3o para a China.<\/p>\n

No caso em que uma empresa pretende exportar seus produtos pesticidas para fora da China, ela \u00e9 obrigada a solicitar uma licen\u00e7a para importa\u00e7\u00e3o e exporta\u00e7\u00e3o de pesticidas da ICAMA para cada remessa. A solicita\u00e7\u00e3o para essa licen\u00e7a requer um Certificado de Pesticida da China, o que significa que o produto pesticida foi registrado na China, e essa licen\u00e7a deve ser fornecida \u00e0 Alf\u00e2ndega da China para desembara\u00e7o aduaneiro.<\/p>\n

Em termos gerais, as empresas podem obter o Certificado de Pesticida da China realizando um registro tempor\u00e1rio de pesticida e\/ou registro completo de pesticida. Somente ap\u00f3s obter o certificado de pesticida da China os produtos pesticidas podem ser legalmente fabricados, comercializados domesticamente ou ser importados e exportados.<\/p>\n

No entanto, ainda h\u00e1 procedimentos especiais de registro para produtos pesticidas somente para exporta\u00e7\u00e3o. Se os produtos pesticidas forem fabricados somente para fins de exporta\u00e7\u00e3o e n\u00e3o forem comercializados internamente, os fabricantes podem passar por esses procedimentos especiais de registro para obter o certificado para pesticidas somente para exporta\u00e7\u00e3o. As pol\u00edticas especiais de registro em diferentes per\u00edodos de tempo t\u00eam suas pr\u00f3prias caracter\u00edsticas. Na era de 1999 a 2006, as empresas podiam prosseguir com a notifica\u00e7\u00e3o CHD, ou seja, notifica\u00e7\u00e3o para pesticidas somente para exporta\u00e7\u00e3o. Ent\u00e3o, de 2007 a 2013, as empresas foram autorizadas a prosseguir com o registro para pesticidas somente para exporta\u00e7\u00e3o para obter o certificado. Desde o final de 2013, o procedimento especial de registro para produtos pesticidas somente para exporta\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1 suspenso.<\/p>\n

Per\u00edodo CHD, 1999-2006<\/strong>
\nDurante esse per\u00edodo, muitos fabricantes chineses produziram produtos pesticidas apenas para fins de exporta\u00e7\u00e3o. Com o prop\u00f3sito de encorajar os fabricantes chineses a exportar seus produtos de forma r\u00e1pida e conveniente, a ICAMA permitiu que essas empresas passassem pela notifica\u00e7\u00e3o de pesticidas CHD para obter a permiss\u00e3o para exportar seus pesticidas para fora da China.
\nA notifica\u00e7\u00e3o CHD requer poucos dados e estudo. O custo e a dura\u00e7\u00e3o da aplica\u00e7\u00e3o podem ser ignorados em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com aqueles de registros tempor\u00e1rios e completos de pesticidas. Muitas empresas solicitaram a notifica\u00e7\u00e3o CHD durante esse per\u00edodo e essa pol\u00edtica promove as exporta\u00e7\u00f5es de pesticidas da China.<\/p>\n

No entanto, essa pol\u00edtica causou concorr\u00eancia maligna tanto no mercado internacional quanto no mercado dom\u00e9stico. Com a notifica\u00e7\u00e3o do CHD, essas empresas poderiam fornecer os mesmos produtos pesticidas com custo muito baixo, pois n\u00e3o \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio que elas gastem muito dinheiro em testes e estudos, que s\u00e3o sempre necess\u00e1rios para registros tempor\u00e1rios e completos. Essa \u00e9 a raz\u00e3o pela qual muitos casos antidumping de pesticidas chineses surgiram durante esse per\u00edodo.<\/p>\n

Por fim, essa pol\u00edtica de CHD foi removida pelo ICAMA no final de 2006. Em considera\u00e7\u00e3o aos requisitos de exporta\u00e7\u00e3o e ao desenvolvimento da ind\u00fastria chinesa de pesticidas, uma nova pol\u00edtica, a saber, medidas administrativas sobre registro de pesticidas somente para exporta\u00e7\u00e3o, foi publicada pelo ICAMA em 2007. Desde ent\u00e3o e como resultado, a China entrou na segunda itera\u00e7\u00e3o de sua pol\u00edtica regulat\u00f3ria sobre exporta\u00e7\u00f5es.
\n\u00a0<\/strong>
\nRegistro para Pesticidas Somente para Exporta\u00e7\u00e3o, 2007-2013<\/strong>
\nDesde 2007, as medidas administrativas sobre registro para pesticidas somente para exporta\u00e7\u00e3o sempre foram uma vers\u00e3o de rascunho, tamb\u00e9m chamada de vers\u00e3o de teste. De acordo com esse regulamento, a pr\u00e9-condi\u00e7\u00e3o desse tipo de registro era que esses produtos deveriam ter sido registrados em pa\u00edses-alvo.<\/p>\n

No entanto, na verdade, o requisito do certificado de registro no exterior era antim\u00f4nio em algumas ocasi\u00f5es. Em alguns pa\u00edses, o certificado de pesticida chin\u00eas \u00e9 exigido como pr\u00e9-condi\u00e7\u00e3o para o registro de pesticida. As empresas n\u00e3o podem trabalhar para registrar seus produtos na China ou nos pa\u00edses-alvo. Mas para alguns pa\u00edses desenvolvidos, isso n\u00e3o \u00e9 mais um problema. Esses pa\u00edses n\u00e3o exigem certificado de pesticida de origem (certificado de venda livre) e desenvolveram um sistema de registro.<\/p>\n

Embora n\u00e3o seja t\u00e3o f\u00e1cil para algumas empresas que conseguem notificar seus produtos muito rapidamente sob a pol\u00edtica do CHD, ainda havia muitos produtos que receberam o certificado para pesticida somente para exporta\u00e7\u00e3o. Para cada 10 certificados de pesticida emitidos para novos pesticidas em 2013, seis certificados foram emitidos para pesticidas somente para exporta\u00e7\u00e3o. Enquanto isso, 10 certificados foram emitidos para pesticidas somente para exporta\u00e7\u00e3o durante janeiro de 2014, incluindo novos pesticidas e pesticidas "me-too".<\/p>\n

Olhando para os requisitos de dados das medidas administrativas, podemos encontrar a raz\u00e3o pela qual esta pol\u00edtica \u00e9 t\u00e3o atraente. Apenas relat\u00f3rios de an\u00e1lise de cinco lotes e estudos de toxicidade aguda de seis itens s\u00e3o necess\u00e1rios para este registro. Esses estudos podem ser feitos em seis meses. Enquanto isso, a dura\u00e7\u00e3o oficial da revis\u00e3o \u00e9 de tr\u00eas meses em vez de um ano para o registro completo de pesticidas. Em geral, as empresas s\u00f3 precisam gastar no m\u00e1ximo nove meses e 200.000 RMB ($32.450) para registrar seu produto.<\/p>\n

O Futuro da Regulamenta\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong>
\nA ind\u00fastria de pesticidas da China est\u00e1 preocupada com a vers\u00e3o final do Regulamento de Pesticidas da China porque ela ainda n\u00e3o cont\u00e9m disposi\u00e7\u00f5es especiais para pesticidas somente para exporta\u00e7\u00e3o, o que pode aumentar o custo e os requisitos para ensaios de efic\u00e1cia e estudos de res\u00edduos que foram alterados na vers\u00e3o preliminar.<\/p>\n

Mas suspeitamos que disposi\u00e7\u00f5es preferenciais ainda estar\u00e3o dispon\u00edveis para registro de pesticidas somente para exporta\u00e7\u00e3o. Os motivos s\u00e3o:<\/p>\n

1. Apenas 15% da superprodu\u00e7\u00e3o da China s\u00e3o consumidos no mercado interno.
\n2. O governo chin\u00eas ainda apoia as exporta\u00e7\u00f5es de pesticidas do pa\u00eds e os fabricantes por tr\u00e1s delas.
\n3. Referindo-se ao sistema de regulamenta\u00e7\u00e3o de pesticidas de pa\u00edses desenvolvidos, faz sentido estabelecer uma pol\u00edtica apropriada para registro de pesticidas somente para exporta\u00e7\u00e3o.
\n4. As grandes empresas exportadoras de pesticidas da China influenciar\u00e3o a ICAMA de forma a manter seu marketing est\u00e1vel fora da China.
\n5. N\u00e3o h\u00e1 d\u00favida de que o novo Regulamento de Pesticidas da China incluir\u00e1 algum tipo de disposi\u00e7\u00e3o ben\u00e9fica para registros de pesticidas somente para exporta\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Quando analisamos e estudamos o desenvolvimento hist\u00f3rico de regulamenta\u00e7\u00f5es na China, estamos come\u00e7ando a ver um sistema de regulamenta\u00e7\u00e3o maduro para pesticidas somente para exporta\u00e7\u00e3o sendo gerado incrementalmente. Fabricantes chineses que registraram produtos durante diferentes per\u00edodos de regulamenta\u00e7\u00e3o provavelmente ter\u00e3o seus certificados adquiridos na nova lei ou ter\u00e3o algumas disposi\u00e7\u00f5es permitidas e manter\u00e3o sua capacidade de atender ao mercado global.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O passado e o futuro da regulamenta\u00e7\u00e3o chinesa, por David Wan do CIRS.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":72,"featured_media":49003,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,28],"tags":[1058,1843],"class_list":["post-49002","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agrochemicals","category-asia","tag-china","tag-supply"],"yoast_head":"\nHow China's Export Laws Are Affecting Supply - AgriBusiness Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The past and future of Chinese regulation, by David Wan of CIRS.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/agrochemicals\/how-chinas-export-laws-are-affecting-supply\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" 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