{"id":54980,"date":"2015-08-18T09:26:36","date_gmt":"2015-08-18T13:26:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.farmchemicalsinternational.com\/?p=54980"},"modified":"2019-09-25T06:31:04","modified_gmt":"2019-09-25T10:31:04","slug":"weed-resistance-creates-challenges-opportunities","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/agrochemicals\/weed-resistance-creates-challenges-opportunities\/","title":{"rendered":"A resist\u00eancia \u00e0s ervas daninhas cria desafios e oportunidades"},"content":{"rendered":"

Por Santiago Zuberbuhler<\/strong>
\nGrupo Kleffmann<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

Os agricultores argentinos est\u00e3o constantemente expandindo os limites da terra ar\u00e1vel. Os tratamentos gerais aplicados para proteger suas planta\u00e7\u00f5es representam um mercado crescente avaliado hoje em cerca de $2,5 bilh\u00f5es somente em agroqu\u00edmicos. Quase 65% desse valor \u00e9 destinado ao controle de ervas daninhas.
\nEm 2014, 33 milh\u00f5es de hectares foram cultivados com culturas extensivas, e cerca de 60% dessa \u00e1rea foram representados pela soja.<\/p>\n

\"Kleffman-Map_1\"

Os mapas mostram os hectares superdesenvolvidos tratados contra Conyza bonariensis entre 2009 e 2014. Em 2009, menos de 250 mil hectares foram tratados. Com o tempo, a intensidade dos tratamentos aumentou a ponto de, em 2014, haver mais de 4 milh\u00f5es de hectares de \u00e1rea desenvolvida tratados. Fonte: Dados do painel AMIS do Kleffmann Group e Pesquisa<\/p><\/div>\n

A evolu\u00e7\u00e3o das principais ervas daninhas ar\u00e1veis<\/strong>
\nEncorajada pela queda nos pre\u00e7os do glifosato, a agricultura sem plantio direto foi uma t\u00e9cnica revolucion\u00e1ria no cen\u00e1rio agr\u00edcola da Argentina no final da d\u00e9cada de 1990. Os agricultores argentinos se tornaram os primeiros a adotar a biotecnologia Roundup Ready (RR), e rapidamente as planta\u00e7\u00f5es de soja RR colonizaram a maior parte das terras ar\u00e1veis da Argentina.
\nA soja RR combinada com glifosato teve sucesso como uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o simples e econ\u00f4mica para o manejo de ervas daninhas ao longo dos anos 90. Nenhuma esp\u00e9cie de erva daninha apresentou-se como um desafio contra essa abordagem. Por quase 20 anos, um uso generalizado e cont\u00ednuo da mesma estrat\u00e9gia, agora tamb\u00e9m poss\u00edvel em culturas de algod\u00e3o e milho RR, produziu uma alta press\u00e3o de sele\u00e7\u00e3o sobre as popula\u00e7\u00f5es de ervas daninhas, dando origem \u00e0s pr\u00f3prias esp\u00e9cies de ervas daninhas resistentes ao glifosato da natureza.
\nConyza bonariensis<\/em> foi a primeira erva daninha tolerante a surgir do uso intensivo de glifosato. Conyza<\/em> n\u00e3o \u00e9 realmente resistente ao glifosato, mas uma vez que atinge um certo tamanho, n\u00e3o \u00e9 afetado por sua a\u00e7\u00e3o qu\u00edmica. Esta erva daninha come\u00e7ou no sul das prov\u00edncias de C\u00f3rdoba e Santa F\u00e9, e no norte de Buenos Aires. Este processo de coloniza\u00e7\u00e3o seguiu o recuo das culturas de inverno, que estavam sendo abandonadas pelos produtores devido \u00e0 implementa\u00e7\u00e3o de cotas de exporta\u00e7\u00e3o para o trigo. Ent\u00e3o, Conyza<\/em> expandiu-se rapidamente para o resto do pa\u00eds, surgindo em menos de cinco anos como a erva daninha mais visada na Argentina.
\nSorgo halepense<\/em> \u00e9 outro exemplo interessante. A biotecnologia RR se tornou a solu\u00e7\u00e3o para controlar essa erva daninha progressiva nos anos 90. Ap\u00f3s 15 anos de controle bem-sucedido, os primeiros indiv\u00edduos resistentes ao glifosato apareceram, o que exigiu uma nova abordagem para o manejo de ervas daninhas.
\nAmaranto<\/em> surgiu como uma das ervas daninhas mais recentes resistentes ao glifosato e \u00e9 um \u00f3timo exemplo da r\u00e1pida taxa de coloniza\u00e7\u00e3o de territ\u00f3rio que as ervas daninhas alcan\u00e7am quando se tornam resistentes.<\/p>\n

\"The

Os mapas acima mostram a \u00e1rea superdesenvolvida sendo gerenciada para resist\u00eancia em esp\u00e9cies de sorgo e amaranto em 2014. A extens\u00e3o da \u00e1rea tratada vem aumentando rapidamente desde 2009.<\/p><\/div>\n

O Caminho \u00e0 Frente<\/strong>
\nNa \u00faltima d\u00e9cada, os agricultores argentinos quase triplicaram seu esfor\u00e7o econ\u00f4mico no manejo de ervas daninhas em planta\u00e7\u00f5es de soja, de uma base de $20 por hectare no ano-safra de 2005 para $60 por hectare no ano-safra de 2014. Esse aumento nos custos \u00e9 explicado por quatro principais fatores: pre\u00e7os dos produtos, ajustes de dose, n\u00famero de tratamentos por hectare e varia\u00e7\u00f5es na qualidade geral da paleta de herbicidas. Dos quatro, apenas os pre\u00e7os s\u00e3o externos ao agricultor. Os tr\u00eas restantes s\u00e3o mudan\u00e7as na maneira como os agricultores administram seus problemas com ervas daninhas e representam 70% do aumento nos custos. Esse uso precoce e generalizado da tecnologia j\u00e1 est\u00e1 custando aos agricultores uma m\u00e9dia de $28 por hectare por ano, o que totaliza mais de meio bilh\u00e3o de d\u00f3lares por ano. Isso significa que, para preservar essa tecnologia para o futuro, os agricultores devem assumir um papel ativo, considerando cuidadosamente seu uso e n\u00e3o deix\u00e1-la para a ind\u00fastria lidar sozinha.
\nNos pr\u00f3ximos dois anos, o pipeline de P&D fornecer\u00e1 novas tecnologias, e uma nova gera\u00e7\u00e3o de jovens agricultores mais bem educados estar\u00e1 pronta para us\u00e1-las. Essa combina\u00e7\u00e3o de tecnologia e jovens agricultores educados fornece oportunidades significativas para criar novos produtos e plataformas agron\u00f4micas que ajudam os sistemas de produ\u00e7\u00e3o a evoluir com base na sustentabilidade para recursos tecnol\u00f3gicos e ecol\u00f3gicos.<\/p>\n

Santiago Zuberbuhler \u00e9 gerente de contas-chave na Kleffmann Argentina. Ele pode ser contatado em Santiago.zuberbuhler@kleffmann.com<\/a>. O Kleffmann Group, uma consultoria global de pesquisa e dados, oferece an\u00e1lises mensais para <\/em>FCI com base em suas pesquisas no pa\u00eds com fazendeiros. Visite nosso site para arquivos de relat\u00f3rios de mercado da Kleffmann.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Por Santiago Zuberbuhler Grupo Kleffmann Os agricultores argentinos est\u00e3o constantemente expandindo os limites das terras ar\u00e1veis. Os tratamentos gerais aplicados a\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":112,"featured_media":55019,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,26,19,5],"tags":[914,54,170,594],"class_list":["post-54980","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agrochemicals","category-americas","category-herbicides","category-markets","tag-argentina","tag-featured-home","tag-glyphosate","tag-sorghum"],"yoast_head":"\nWeed Resistance Creates Challenges, Opportunities - AgriBusiness Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"By Santiago Zuberbuhler Kleffmann Group Argentinean farmers are constantly pushing the boundaries of arable land. 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