{"id":57604,"date":"2016-04-18T12:51:34","date_gmt":"2016-04-18T16:51:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/?p=57604"},"modified":"2019-09-25T06:31:19","modified_gmt":"2019-09-25T10:31:19","slug":"flashing-back-and-moving-forward-on-drift","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/agrochemicals\/flashing-back-and-moving-forward-on-drift\/","title":{"rendered":"Retrocedendo e avan\u00e7ando no Drift"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Dr.

Dr. Bob Lobo<\/p><\/div>\n

O potencial para deriva de pesticidas continua sendo uma caracter\u00edstica inevit\u00e1vel da agricultura moderna. Aqui, tamb\u00e9m, a hist\u00f3ria se repete.<\/p>\n

\u201cQuando o Roundup estreou, a deriva era um problema grave\u201d, relembra o Dr. Bob Wolf, renomado especialista da ind\u00fastria em aplica\u00e7\u00e3o de pesticidas. \u201cVinte anos depois, tudo estava pronto para o Roundup, ent\u00e3o ningu\u00e9m se preocupava com isso. Agora, aqui estamos n\u00f3s voltando para a era de 20 anos atr\u00e1s. N\u00e3o teremos apenas o Roundup, mas teremos 2,4-D, dicamba e haver\u00e1 outros. Isso s\u00f3 amplia os problemas de gerenciamento e aplica\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d, ele diz.<\/p>\n

Wolf trabalhou com a Monsanto na d\u00e9cada de 1990, quando ela introduziu pela primeira vez as culturas Roundup Ready para resolver problemas de deriva, que s\u00e3o insignificantes em compara\u00e7\u00e3o aos que enfrentamos hoje, diz ele, \u00e0 medida que as duas novas megatecnologias da Dow AgroSciences (Enlist Duo) e da Monsanto (Roundup Ready Xtend) se aproximam de seus lan\u00e7amentos.<\/p>\n

Para a tecnologia Enlist Duo da Dow, a Ag\u00eancia de Prote\u00e7\u00e3o Ambiental dos EUA colocou em pr\u00e1tica restri\u00e7\u00f5es para evitar deriva de pesticidas, incluindo uma zona de prote\u00e7\u00e3o de 30 p\u00e9s direcional de vento, nenhuma aplica\u00e7\u00e3o de pesticida quando a velocidade do vento for superior a 15 milhas por hora, e apenas aplica\u00e7\u00f5es terrestres s\u00e3o permitidas. A formula\u00e7\u00e3o 2,4-D da empresa cont\u00e9m sal de colina que \u00e9 menos propenso a deriva e volatiliza\u00e7\u00e3o do que formula\u00e7\u00f5es de amina ou \u00e9ster.<\/p>\n

O sistema de dicamba Roundup Ready Xtend da Monsanto, que est\u00e1 pr\u00f3ximo do registro e estar\u00e1 pronto para a temporada de 2017, carrega no r\u00f3tulo de rascunho uma formid\u00e1vel zona de amortecimento de 110 p\u00e9s, com algumas exce\u00e7\u00f5es, incluindo estradas pavimentadas, \u00e1reas n\u00e3o sens\u00edveis e trigo. Sua formula\u00e7\u00e3o de dicamba aut\u00f4noma XtendiMax tamb\u00e9m requer condicionadores de \u00e1gua sem sulfato de am\u00f4nio (AMS) \u2013 a remo\u00e7\u00e3o do sulfato de am\u00f4nio \u00e9 projetada para minimizar a volatilidade do dicamba. A Monsanto observa que espera que o r\u00f3tulo final seja diferente do r\u00f3tulo de rascunho ap\u00f3s a EPA ponderar os dados enviados durante o per\u00edodo de coment\u00e1rios p\u00fablicos.<\/p>\n

No entanto, n\u00e3o importa qu\u00e3o dr\u00e1stica seja a melhoria da formula\u00e7\u00e3o e do adjuvante usados, nenhuma estrat\u00e9gia de gerenciamento de deriva pode ou deve ser confi\u00e1vel. \u201cVoc\u00ea pode colocar o controle de deriva no tanque, mas isso n\u00e3o desculpa algumas das outras coisas que voc\u00ea pode fazer. Tudo funciona junto\u201d, diz Wolf, que enfatiza: \u201cSe mais estiver indo para o alvo, menos deve estar derivando. \u00c9 disso que se trata. A aplica\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 a chave.\u201d<\/p>\n

Wolf treina aplicadores na On Target Application Academy da BASF, que ele ajudou a desenvolver, e est\u00e1 se preparando para come\u00e7ar a incorporar t\u00e9cnicas de aplica\u00e7\u00e3o em campo. Ele recebeu feedback de que mais ajuda \u00e9 necess\u00e1ria para educar aplicadores mais jovens e inexperientes.<\/p>\n

Enquanto ele dirige pelo pa\u00eds para v\u00e1rios eventos e cursos, ele registra os locais dos campos pelos quais passa e captura as imagens no Google Earth. Com essas imagens, ele desafiar\u00e1 os participantes do curso a descobrir como pulverizar cada campo. \u00c9 uma maneira de demonstrar que nem todos os campos s\u00e3o ret\u00e2ngulos perfeitos como em partes de Illinois.<\/p>\n

Press\u00e3o Cr\u00edtica Mais Alta<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c(Os aplicadores precisam aprender) como lidar com os cen\u00e1rios atuais que existem, sem falar nos novos cen\u00e1rios com zonas de prote\u00e7\u00e3o e preocupa\u00e7\u00f5es sens\u00edveis... Se ele tem uma zona de prote\u00e7\u00e3o de 30 p\u00e9s e uma lan\u00e7a de 120 p\u00e9s, ele precisa usar algumas t\u00e9cnicas corretas para fazer isso acontecer.\u201d<\/p>\n

Os bicos ser\u00e3o especificados nos r\u00f3tulos, e todos criar\u00e3o gotas maiores com o objetivo de mitigar a deriva. O r\u00f3tulo da Monsanto e da BASF destaca o uso do bico Turbo TeeJet Induction, e aplicadores n\u00e3o familiarizados precisar\u00e3o aprender a us\u00e1-lo.<\/p>\n

Wolf enfatiza que empregar press\u00e3o mais alta ser\u00e1 cr\u00edtico no processo de aplica\u00e7\u00e3o dos novos sistemas. No passado, era comum associar baixa press\u00e3o com menos deriva, mas como os bicos de hoje s\u00e3o redutores de deriva por engenharia, diminuir a press\u00e3o pode reduzir o padr\u00e3o, aumentar as gotas e, portanto, reduzir a cobertura, ele diz. \u201cPrecisamos de alta press\u00e3o para obter o padr\u00e3o adequado e obter gotas adequadas para cobertura.\u201d<\/p>\n

A altura da lan\u00e7a \u00e9 um grande centro de foco por um bom motivo. A regra geral \u00e9 que o espa\u00e7amento do bico na lan\u00e7a deve ser igual \u00e0 altura da lan\u00e7a ou do bico acima do alvo, e o alvo deve ser um dossel crescente. Uma lan\u00e7a de 20 polegadas, por exemplo, significa que a lan\u00e7a deve estar na vizinhan\u00e7a de 20 polegadas acima do alvo.<\/p>\n

\u201cA geometria entra em cena, porque o \u00e2ngulo do spray cruza com os bicos ao lado dele para formar um padr\u00e3o uniforme. Quando a lan\u00e7a fica mais alta ou mais baixa, isso afeta a uniformidade da aplica\u00e7\u00e3o. A regra um-para-um vem dessa base\u201d, diz Wolf.<\/p>\n

Wolf adotou um apelido para ensinar a import\u00e2ncia do controle de altura da lan\u00e7a na On Target Application Academy: "Abaixando a lan\u00e7a na deriva de pulveriza\u00e7\u00e3o". Quanto mais alta a lan\u00e7a, mais exposta ela fica ao vento, aumentando o potencial de deriva. Quando as lan\u00e7as s\u00e3o mais altas, tamb\u00e9m h\u00e1 uma tend\u00eancia dos aplicadores de dirigir mais r\u00e1pido para evitar atingir o solo. Quando eles v\u00e3o mais r\u00e1pido, a press\u00e3o fica mais alta, as gotas ficam menores e o potencial de deriva aumenta.<\/p>\n

"Se ele desvia, ele \u00e9 ineficiente, o produto n\u00e3o chega ao alvo, e esse produto sai do alvo e causa danos, e isso \u00e9 uma despesa cada vez maior dependendo do n\u00edvel que ele atinge", seja por meio de uma avalia\u00e7\u00e3o do Departamento de Agricultura, multa regulat\u00f3ria ou lit\u00edgio dispendioso por desvio, algo que Wolf conhece em primeira m\u00e3o como testemunha especialista.<\/p>\n

Melhores Registros<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ele lembrou de um caso no qual atuou como testemunha especialista no Kansas h\u00e1 v\u00e1rios anos, onde um produtor local levou seis anos para come\u00e7ar a produzir em um peda\u00e7o de uvas de 5 acres. Um fazendeiro vizinho o levou para fora em uma opera\u00e7\u00e3o de pulveriza\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Um conselho do tempo que ele passou no lado legal? Mantenha registros melhores. \u201cA maioria das pessoas anota a velocidade do vento, a dire\u00e7\u00e3o do vento, provavelmente a temperatura e talvez a umidade, mas precisamos anotar o tipo de bico, a press\u00e3o de pulveriza\u00e7\u00e3o, a velocidade e todos os detalhes de uma aplica\u00e7\u00e3o que atualmente acho que mais pessoas est\u00e3o come\u00e7ando a fazer e, na minha opini\u00e3o, ter\u00e3o que fazer.\u201d A velocidade e a dire\u00e7\u00e3o do vento tamb\u00e9m devem ser registradas v\u00e1rias vezes durante o trabalho, ele acrescenta.<\/p>\n

Varejistas agr\u00edcolas com grandes \u00e1reas de servi\u00e7o tamb\u00e9m devem observar as condi\u00e7\u00f5es clim\u00e1ticas e as culturas sens\u00edveis a favor do vento. Wolf viu um problema com aplicadores sendo enviados para pulverizar campos em viagens de 40 a 50 milhas \u2013 uma dist\u00e2ncia na qual o clima pode mudar drasticamente e que desencoraja um aplicador de retornar em condi\u00e7\u00f5es abaixo da m\u00e9dia. \u201cEspero que a empresa tenha uma estrat\u00e9gia em seu sistema que o envie para outra \u00e1rea que pode ter uma configura\u00e7\u00e3o de vento diferente, e ele possa retornar ao campo problem\u00e1tico mais tarde.\u201d<\/p>\n

Se o tempo que os reguladores gastaram na elabora\u00e7\u00e3o dos r\u00f3tulos atuais Enlist e Xtend for alguma indica\u00e7\u00e3o, Wolf antecipa que eles estar\u00e3o policiando os usu\u00e1rios rigorosamente. Ele ressalta que os reguladores e qualquer um que investigue os usu\u00e1rios quando as reclama\u00e7\u00f5es surgirem precisam ser t\u00e3o educados quanto os aplicadores, para que entendam exatamente o que os aplicadores s\u00e3o ensinados.<\/p>\n

As novas tecnologias, com certeza, s\u00e3o um tremendo trunfo para controlar ervas daninhas resistentes e dif\u00edceis de matar. \u201cO desafio \u00e9 fazer com que o mundo das aplica\u00e7\u00f5es esteja em sintonia com a maneira como ser\u00e1 necess\u00e1rio para sermos bons administradores.\u201d<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O potencial para deriva de pesticidas continua sendo uma caracter\u00edstica inevit\u00e1vel da agricultura moderna. Aqui, tamb\u00e9m, a hist\u00f3ria se repete. \u201cQuando o Roundup estreou,\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":72,"featured_media":57330,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,4,26,19],"tags":[285,554,135,583],"class_list":["post-57604","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-adjuvants","category-agrochemicals","category-americas","category-herbicides","tag-dicamba","tag-featured","tag-monsanto","tag-regulatory"],"yoast_head":"\nFlashing Back and Moving Forward on Drift - AgriBusiness Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The potential for pesticide drift remains an unavoidable feature of modern agriculture. 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