{"id":59121,"date":"2017-01-16T11:11:55","date_gmt":"2017-01-16T16:11:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/?p=59121"},"modified":"2019-10-01T09:56:20","modified_gmt":"2019-10-01T13:56:20","slug":"embrapa-bayer-to-map-mechanism-of-soybean-disease-resistance-to-fungicides","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/agrochemicals\/embrapa-bayer-to-map-mechanism-of-soybean-disease-resistance-to-fungicides\/","title":{"rendered":"Embrapa e Bayer mapear\u00e3o mecanismo de resist\u00eancia da soja a fungicidas"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Embrapa,

Ferrugem da soja; cr\u00e9dito: Mauricio Meyer<\/p><\/div>\n

O BCorpora\u00e7\u00e3o Brasileira de Pesquisa Agr\u00edcola<\/span> (Embrapa) e Bayer firmaram parceria para estudar os mecanismos que fazem com que fungos patog\u00eanicos da soja percam a sensibilidade aos produtos atualmente utilizados no campo.<\/p>\n

Com dura\u00e7\u00e3o estimada de cinco anos, o projeto de pesquisa visa identificar os fungos\u00a0Corynespora cassiicola <\/em>(que causa o ponto alvo) e\u00a0Phakopsora pachyrhizi<\/em> (respons\u00e1vel pela ferrugem asi\u00e1tica da soja) aos fungicidas dispon\u00edveis no mercado. \u201cQueremos entender como e onde ocorre a resist\u00eancia nesses fungos, e assim adotar a\u00e7\u00f5es preventivas antirresist\u00eancia\u201d, explica o pesquisador da Embrapa Soja Maur\u00edcio Meyer.<\/p>\n

Um dos principais objetivos da parceria \u00e9 participar do esfor\u00e7o de sequenciamento do genoma do fungo da ferrugem asi\u00e1tica da soja, que est\u00e1 sendo liderado por um cons\u00f3rcio internacional que re\u00fane a Embrapa, a Bayer e outras institui\u00e7\u00f5es de pesquisa da Alemanha, Fran\u00e7a e Estados Unidos. Com base nos dados gerados pelo P. pachyrhizi\u00a0<\/em>sequenciamento do genoma, o projeto vai se desdobrar em duas frentes de pesquisa.<\/p>\n

Por um lado, a pesquisa quer entender os mecanismos de muta\u00e7\u00e3o gen\u00e9tica do fungo que provocam perda de sensibilidade e resist\u00eancia aos principais grupos de fungicidas usados para controlar a doen\u00e7a. Na outra parte do estudo, a ideia \u00e9 identificar regi\u00f5es do genoma do fungo associadas \u00e0 sua virul\u00eancia vegetal, e os resultados podem auxiliar no desenvolvimento de variedades resistentes \u00e0 ferrugem asi\u00e1tica da soja.<\/p>\n

\u201cTeremos cinco anos para entender melhor os mecanismos de resist\u00eancia aos fungicidas por meio do mapeamento gen\u00e9tico dos fungos. Com o genoma em m\u00e3os, poderemos entender como ocorre a perda de sensibilidade, antecipar estrat\u00e9gias de manejo antirresist\u00eancia e desenvolver solu\u00e7\u00f5es mais eficientes para o controle\u201d, explica o gerente de Desenvolvimento Avan\u00e7ado de Fungicidas da Bayer, Rog\u00e9rio Bortolan.<\/p>\n

O sequenciamento gen\u00e9tico de P. pachyrhizi<\/em> \u00e9 um grande desafio a ser enfrentado pelo projeto, considerando o tamanho e a complexidade do seu genoma. Pelo menos uma tentativa anterior de sequenciar e montar o genoma do fungo falhou. \u201cNo entanto, para avan\u00e7ar no desenvolvimento de novas ferramentas para o controle da ferrugem asi\u00e1tica, o sequenciamento \u00e9 fundamental\u201d, ressalta Meyer.<\/p>\n

O estudo ser\u00e1 baseado em uma amostra padr\u00e3o do fungo que possivelmente sofreu poucas muta\u00e7\u00f5es por n\u00e3o ter sido exposta a muitas aplica\u00e7\u00f5es sucessivas de fungicidas. Em seguida, ser\u00e1 feito um resequenciamento de isolados (partes do genoma do fungo) coletados no Brasil e em outros pa\u00edses ao longo da \u00faltima d\u00e9cada que apresentam diferentes perfis de virul\u00eancia e sensibilidade a fungicidas, devido ao contato constante com tais produtos.<\/p>\n

\u201cCom a obten\u00e7\u00e3o do genoma de refer\u00eancia do fungo seguido do resequenciamento de diferentes isolados, esperamos decifrar sua biologia e entender a complexa intera\u00e7\u00e3o com plantas hospedeiras, al\u00e9m de ampliar o entendimento sobre sua adaptabilidade, evolu\u00e7\u00e3o e diversidade gen\u00e9tica\u201d, explica o pesquisador da Embrapa Soja Francismar Marcelino. Os resultados obtidos ser\u00e3o publicados e beneficiar\u00e3o toda a cadeia produtiva da soja.<\/p>\n

O projeto tamb\u00e9m pretende estudar as mudan\u00e7as ocorridas na C. cassiicola<\/em> e\u00a0P. pachyrhizi\u00a0<\/em>fungos devido \u00e0 sua exposi\u00e7\u00e3o a diferentes grupos de fungicidas. <\/em>Para isso, a sensibilidade dos fungos ser\u00e1 comparada opondo popula\u00e7\u00f5es que n\u00e3o sofreram nenhuma ou poucas muta\u00e7\u00f5es gen\u00e9ticas \u00e0quelas que sofreram press\u00e3o de sele\u00e7\u00e3o por maior exposi\u00e7\u00e3o aos fungicidas aplicados \u00e0 cultura ao longo dos \u00faltimos 10 anos. \u201cEnt\u00e3o teremos par\u00e2metros para identificar e monitorar o desenvolvimento de resist\u00eancia aos fungicidas, e verificar se novas muta\u00e7\u00f5es est\u00e3o ocorrendo\u201d, diz Meyer.<\/p>\n

A \u00faltima etapa do estudo inclui o mapeamento das \u00e1reas brasileiras produtoras de soja com risco potencial de desenvolver resist\u00eancia a fungicidas. \u201cSe o estudo identificar que a frequ\u00eancia de muta\u00e7\u00f5es gen\u00e9ticas f\u00fangicas aumentou muito em uma determinada regi\u00e3o, isso \u00e9 um indicativo de que a press\u00e3o para aquele grupo de fungicidas \u00e9 maior na regi\u00e3o em quest\u00e3o. Ser\u00e1 um sinal de alerta para antecipar a ado\u00e7\u00e3o de medidas antirresist\u00eancia e evitar a perda de efici\u00eancia dos produtos\u201d, afirma. A necessidade de mudar a estrat\u00e9gia de controle qu\u00edmico diante da realidade de cada regi\u00e3o \u00e9 uma forma de preservar os fungicidas, j\u00e1 que h\u00e1 baixas perspectivas de lan\u00e7amento de novos produtos no mercado nos pr\u00f3ximos anos.<\/p>\n

Segundo o chefe de Desenvolvimento Agron\u00f4mico da Bayer, Bernard Jacqmin, o estudo abre caminho para a solu\u00e7\u00e3o de um grande desafio da ind\u00fastria: garantir a sustentabilidade das ferramentas existentes para o controle de doen\u00e7as da soja. \u201cEssa coopera\u00e7\u00e3o com a Embrapa ser\u00e1 essencial para avan\u00e7ar no estudo da gen\u00e9tica de fungos e no entendimento de como a resist\u00eancia se desenvolve ap\u00f3s repetidas aplica\u00e7\u00f5es de fungicidas. O recurso a uma institui\u00e7\u00e3o como a Embrapa d\u00e1 \u00e0 Bayer respaldo para apresentar as recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es derivadas da pesquisa ao setor e aos produtores, principalmente na hora de implement\u00e1-las no campo\u201d, conclui.<\/p>\n

Compreendendo a ferrugem da soja<\/strong><\/p>\n

A ferrugem asi\u00e1tica da soja, a doen\u00e7a mais severa para a cultura, foi identificada no Brasil na safra 2001\/2002. A doen\u00e7a causa desfolha precoce, comprometendo a forma\u00e7\u00e3o e o desenvolvimento das vagens e o peso final dos gr\u00e3os. Por isso, pode prejudicar at\u00e9 100% da produtividade se n\u00e3o for manejada adequadamente. O custo m\u00e9dio da ferrugem (gastos com fungicidas para controle + perdas na produ\u00e7\u00e3o) \u00e9 de $2 bilh\u00f5es por safra no Brasil.<\/p>\n

O controle da doen\u00e7a tem se concentrado principalmente no controle qu\u00edmico. Apesar da contribui\u00e7\u00e3o de tr\u00eas grupos de fungicidas no mercado, o Cons\u00f3rcio Antiferrugem tem observado uma redu\u00e7\u00e3o na efici\u00eancia desses produtos desde a safra 2007\/2008, devido ao aumento da frequ\u00eancia de muta\u00e7\u00f5es que reduzem a efici\u00eancia do controle. A resist\u00eancia dos fungos aos fungicidas \u00e9 um processo natural. No entanto, a vida \u00fatil dos produtos qu\u00edmicos pode ser estendida com seu uso racional, estrat\u00e9gias antirresist\u00eancia e ado\u00e7\u00e3o de melhores pr\u00e1ticas.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecu\u00e1ria (Embrapa) e a Bayer firmaram uma parceria para estudar os mecanismos causadores da doen\u00e7a patog\u00eanica da soja\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":72,"featured_media":59122,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,26,18],"tags":[115,598,554,1599],"class_list":["post-59121","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agrochemicals","category-americas","category-fungicides","tag-bayer","tag-brazil","tag-featured","tag-resistance-management"],"yoast_head":"\nEmbrapa, Bayer to Map Mechanism of Soybean Disease Resistance to Fungicides - AgriBusiness Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) and Bayer have established a partnership to study the mechanisms that cause soybean pathogenic\" \/>\n<meta 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