{"id":59272,"date":"2017-02-24T09:06:55","date_gmt":"2017-02-24T14:06:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/?p=59272"},"modified":"2019-10-01T09:56:21","modified_gmt":"2019-10-01T13:56:21","slug":"overview-of-the-indian-crop-protection-market","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/agrochemicals\/overview-of-the-indian-crop-protection-market\/","title":{"rendered":"Vis\u00e3o geral do mercado indiano de prote\u00e7\u00e3o de cultivos"},"content":{"rendered":"

A agricultura \u00e9 a espinha dorsal da economia indiana, com 52% da popula\u00e7\u00e3o envolvida na agricultura e atividades relacionadas. Mas a participa\u00e7\u00e3o do setor na economia indiana caiu para 13,7% em termos de PIB devido \u00e0s maiores taxas de crescimento do setor industrial e de servi\u00e7os, o que precisa ser abordado considerando sua import\u00e2ncia em nosso desenvolvimento socioecon\u00f4mico. A agricultura indiana vem enfrentando s\u00e9rios desafios h\u00e1 muitos anos. O mais importante \u00e9 o "desenvolvimento sustentado em propor\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 explos\u00e3o populacional". Mesmo depois da Revolu\u00e7\u00e3o Verde em meados dos anos 60, ainda n\u00e3o somos totalmente autossuficientes na agricultura. A taxa de crescimento da agricultura n\u00e3o \u00e9 capaz de lidar com o r\u00e1pido crescimento populacional. A terra sob agricultura \u00e9 limitada, mas o n\u00famero de pessoas sendo alimentadas no peda\u00e7o de terra est\u00e1 aumentando constantemente. Devido a instala\u00e7\u00f5es de irriga\u00e7\u00e3o inadequadas, falta de medidas adequadas de prote\u00e7\u00e3o de cultivos, baixa qualidade de sementes de gr\u00e3os aliment\u00edcios, a produ\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1 muito abaixo da m\u00e9dia mundial.<\/p>\n

A escassez de \u00e1gua \u00e9 um grande problema em uma parte do pa\u00eds, enquanto as planta\u00e7\u00f5es s\u00e3o danificadas ano ap\u00f3s ano devido a inunda\u00e7\u00f5es em algumas outras partes do pa\u00eds. Do total de terras cultiv\u00e1veis, apenas 40% de \u00e1rea s\u00e3o cobertas por irriga\u00e7\u00e3o e o restante 60% depende das mon\u00e7\u00f5es. Em m\u00e9dia, a renda dos agricultores caiu 3% em 2014-15 e 4% em 2015-16 devido a perdas de colheitas como resultado da escassez de chuvas. Durante 2014 e 2015, a escassez de mon\u00e7\u00f5es foi de cerca de 12% e 14% das m\u00e9dias de longo per\u00edodo. Em 2016-2017, o estado do sul de Tamil Nadu enfrentou a pior crise h\u00eddrica e escassez de chuvas (d\u00e9ficit de 62%) nos \u00faltimos tempos, resultando em grande perda de planta\u00e7\u00f5es de arroz (800 hectares de arroz murcharam) na regi\u00e3o do delta de Cauvery e acrescentou mis\u00e9ria aos agricultores desta regi\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Por muitas d\u00e9cadas, v\u00e1rios planos est\u00e3o apenas no papel e n\u00e3o s\u00e3o implementados efetivamente. \u00c9 uma pena que os fazendeiros sejam dependentes das mon\u00e7\u00f5es mesmo agora e as tecnologias como irriga\u00e7\u00e3o por gotejamento n\u00e3o tenham chegado aos fazendeiros em muitas partes do pa\u00eds para o fornecimento adequado de \u00e1gua \u00e0s planta\u00e7\u00f5es e, da mesma forma, a \u00e1gua da enchente n\u00e3o \u00e9 canalizada para irriga\u00e7\u00e3o adequada para evitar danos \u00e0s planta\u00e7\u00f5es. H\u00e1 muito a ser feito pela introdu\u00e7\u00e3o de tecnologias inovadoras para enfrentar as calamidades naturais e a mera compensa\u00e7\u00e3o e seguro para perdas de colheitas n\u00e3o trar\u00e1 crescimento substancial na agricultura e al\u00edvio aos fazendeiros.<\/p>\n

O segundo desafio imperativo enfrentado pela agricultura indiana s\u00e3o as perdas colossais causadas pelo ataque de pragas de insetos nas planta\u00e7\u00f5es. Cerca de 20% da produ\u00e7\u00e3o agr\u00edcola \u00e9 perdida devido a insetos, ervas daninhas e doen\u00e7as, mas ainda assim o uso de produtos qu\u00edmicos para prote\u00e7\u00e3o de planta\u00e7\u00f5es na \u00cdndia \u00e9 um dos mais baixos e err\u00e1ticos no cen\u00e1rio global, embora n\u00e3o haja escassez de cientistas e tecn\u00f3logos agr\u00edcolas no pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n

\"OverviewO consumo per capita de pesticidas na \u00cdndia \u00e9 de 0,6 kg\/ha em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com 3 kg\/ha da m\u00e9dia mundial. A principal raz\u00e3o para o baixo consumo per capita de pesticidas na \u00cdndia \u00e9 o baixo poder de compra dos agricultores e pequenas propriedades rurais. H\u00e1 sinais de mudan\u00e7a neste cen\u00e1rio devido \u00e0 entrada de grandes varejistas e fabricantes de produtos aliment\u00edcios. Para aumentar a produtividade e garantir a seguran\u00e7a alimentar de sua enorme popula\u00e7\u00e3o, medidas extensivas de prote\u00e7\u00e3o de cultivos s\u00e3o muito essenciais. O padr\u00e3o de uso de produtos qu\u00edmicos para prote\u00e7\u00e3o de cultivos na \u00cdndia por d\u00e9cadas n\u00e3o mudou muito, com inseticidas contribuindo para 55%, seguidos por herbicidas 23%, fungicidas 18% e o restante de outros produtos, como biopesticidas, reguladores de crescimento de plantas, exceto nos \u00faltimos anos, o uso de herbicidas e fungicidas est\u00e1 aumentando. Isso contribui para a maior produ\u00e7\u00e3o de frutas, vegetais e soja.<\/p>\n

Andhra Pradesh e Telegana, Punjab e Maharashtra lideram no consumo de produtos qu\u00edmicos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o de cultivos, seguidos por outros estados. Madhya Pradesh foi muito beneficiada pelo uso adequado de prote\u00e7\u00e3o de cultivos e emergiu como uma das importantes regi\u00f5es produtoras de soja, n\u00e3o apenas no pa\u00eds, mas globalmente. Um aumento no uso de agroqu\u00edmicos tamb\u00e9m foi observado em Bengala Ocidental, onde o poder de compra dos agricultores era baixo.\"Overview<\/p>\n

O consumo estimado de produtos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o de cultivos no AF15 em termos de valor \u00e9 de cerca de 2,25 bilh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares e o crescimento esperado nos pr\u00f3ximos anos \u00e9 de 7% anualmente. A exporta\u00e7\u00e3o de pesticidas tamb\u00e9m chega a um valor quase igual, com uma taxa de crescimento ligeiramente maior esperada para o futuro pr\u00f3ximo.<\/p>\n

A ind\u00fastria agroqu\u00edmica percorreu um longo caminho nas \u00faltimas quatro d\u00e9cadas e p\u00f4de atender \u00e0s necessidades dos agricultores com centenas de produtos para prote\u00e7\u00e3o de cultivos. At\u00e9 os anos 80, os agricultores indianos estavam muito atr\u00e1s de seus equivalentes com produtos antigos de multinacionais e ent\u00e3o as empresas indianas com suas habilidades em P&D surgiram com v\u00e1rias mol\u00e9culas gen\u00e9ricas a custos mais baratos, acess\u00edveis \u00e0 maioria da comunidade agr\u00edcola.<\/p>\n

A \u00cdndia poderia se tornar autossuficiente em muitas produ\u00e7\u00f5es de alimentos por causa desse desenvolvimento, um fato que n\u00e3o poderia ser negado. Mas ent\u00e3o surgiu a situa\u00e7\u00e3o em que o custo de fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o de produtos t\u00e9cnicos \u00e9 muito mais barato na China em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com o da \u00cdndia. Isso pode ser atribu\u00eddo ao vasto n\u00famero de unidades de fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o na China com tecnologia de baixo custo para produ\u00e7\u00e3o de ingredientes ativos, disponibilidade de mat\u00e9rias-primas e interrup\u00e7\u00e3o da produ\u00e7\u00e3o de pesticidas t\u00e9cnicos por multinacionais em v\u00e1rios pa\u00edses e mudan\u00e7a de suas unidades em grande escala para a China. Portanto, as empresas indianas n\u00e3o t\u00eam outra op\u00e7\u00e3o a n\u00e3o ser importar em muitos casos, em vez de fabricar. A conformidade com patentes tamb\u00e9m restringe a fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o das mol\u00e9culas mais recentes e, portanto, as multinacionais t\u00eam uma vantagem no fornecimento de novos produtos de formula\u00e7\u00e3o. As empresas indianas s\u00f3 poderiam co-comercializar alguns produtos sob acordo.<\/p>\n

Nesta conjuntura, o minist\u00e9rio da agricultura prop\u00f4s algumas mudan\u00e7as radicais nas diretrizes de registro para coibir importa\u00e7\u00f5es de produtos t\u00e9cnicos registrados por empresas indianas para fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o ind\u00edgena. Isso \u00e9 para encorajar os fabricantes t\u00e9cnicos indianos e apoiar o apelo do governo indiano para \u201cFA\u00c7A NA \u00cdNDIA\u201d<\/strong>. Mas a realidade \u00e9 diferente e os fabricantes indianos ainda n\u00e3o est\u00e3o preparados para fabricar muitas t\u00e9cnicas para as quais eles t\u00eam registro para fabricar. Sem dar tempo suficiente para a ind\u00fastria fortalecer suas capacidades de fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o, se as regras propostas forem implementadas agora, haver\u00e1 um grande v\u00e1cuo de fornecimento de muitos produtos. Isso pode ter um impacto negativo na agricultura indiana e na ind\u00fastria de pesticidas. As autoridades de registro indianas e a ind\u00fastria devem analisar a situa\u00e7\u00e3o completamente e apresentar uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o pr\u00e1tica para o registro de importa\u00e7\u00e3o de mol\u00e9culas, bem como para a fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o ind\u00edgena, tendo em vista os fatos acima. Isso permitir\u00e1 que os agricultores obtenham novos produtos a um custo acess\u00edvel e tamb\u00e9m que as importa\u00e7\u00f5es ilegais sejam substancialmente reduzidas.\"Overview<\/p>\n

A necessidade do momento \u00e9 que as empresas indianas sejam mais agressivas em pesquisa e desenvolvimento para criar processos de fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o comercial com melhor custo-benef\u00edcio para novas mol\u00e9culas como Clorantrilaniliprol, Flubendamida (a patente expira em alguns anos), entre outras.<\/p>\n

A ind\u00fastria deve se concentrar mais no desenvolvimento de novas formula\u00e7\u00f5es que sejam ecologicamente corretas e na produ\u00e7\u00e3o de biopesticidas eficazes, PGRs, bioestimulantes, micronutrientes para que os agricultores tenham acesso a esses produtos que aumentar\u00e3o o rendimento da colheita e enriquecer\u00e3o a condi\u00e7\u00e3o do solo. Ag\u00eancias governamentais, universidades e ind\u00fastria devem se unir para transmitir conhecimento adequado sobre os usos e a efic\u00e1cia dos produtos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o de colheitas e, mais importante, devem dissipar o mito sobre os produtos qu\u00edmicos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o de colheitas (como males) da mente do p\u00fablico. N\u00e3o se deve esquecer que a for\u00e7a inerente da \u00cdndia \u00e9 a agricultura e a mesma deve ser nutrida. \u201cCRES\u00c7A NA \u00cdNDIA\u201d <\/strong>\u00e9 uma agenda igualmente importante.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A agricultura \u00e9 a espinha dorsal da economia indiana, com 52% da popula\u00e7\u00e3o envolvida na agricultura e atividades relacionadas. Mas o\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":112,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,28,18,19,20,5],"tags":[554,1236],"class_list":["post-59272","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-agrochemicals","category-asia","category-fungicides","category-herbicides","category-insecticides","category-markets","tag-featured","tag-india"],"yoast_head":"\nOverview of the Indian Crop Protection Market - AgriBusiness Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy with 52% of the population engaged in agriculture and related activities. 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