{"id":60840,"date":"2018-02-15T11:11:27","date_gmt":"2018-02-15T16:11:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/?p=60840"},"modified":"2020-03-11T14:05:39","modified_gmt":"2020-03-11T18:05:39","slug":"sub-saharan-africa-time-for-a-paradigm-shift-to-sustainable-farming-practices","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/markets\/sub-saharan-africa-time-for-a-paradigm-shift-to-sustainable-farming-practices\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c1frica Subsaariana: \u00c9 hora de uma mudan\u00e7a de paradigma para pr\u00e1ticas agr\u00edcolas sustent\u00e1veis"},"content":{"rendered":"

A agricultura na \u00c1frica Subsaariana (SSA) permaneceu bastante convencional ao longo dos anos e envolve o uso intensivo de produtos qu\u00edmicos sint\u00e9ticos e fertilizantes para garantir a produ\u00e7\u00e3o. Isso est\u00e1 profundamente arraigado na cultura agr\u00edcola, que se tornou o sistema agr\u00edcola padr\u00e3o, sem o qual a agricultura \u00e9 totalmente imposs\u00edvel. Nascemos nele, vivemos com ele e morremos nele sem questionar se existem outras alternativas.<\/p>\n

Como foi a tend\u00eancia nos s\u00e9culos XVIII e XIX da revolu\u00e7\u00e3o agr\u00e1ria, \u00e9 uma surpresa que at\u00e9 o s\u00e9culo XX, as pr\u00e1ticas agr\u00edcolas convencionais tenham se recusado totalmente a cair no esquecimento, mesmo com o aumento da tecnologia e da agricultura de precis\u00e3o. Com os in\u00fameros desafios para a agricultura, os agricultores optam por uma pr\u00e1tica agr\u00edcola que garanta a produ\u00e7\u00e3o com os menores custos poss\u00edveis, com menos considera\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 sa\u00fade dos consumidores finais e ao meio ambiente. Uma grande porcentagem da agricultura na SSA ainda \u00e9 de pequena escala e a maioria dos agricultores cultiva para subsist\u00eancia. No entanto, as tend\u00eancias atuais indicam um interesse crescente no agroneg\u00f3cio projetado para valer US$ $1 trilh\u00e3o at\u00e9 2030, em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com apenas US$ $313 bilh\u00f5es em 2010, de acordo com um relat\u00f3rio do Banco Mundial em 2013<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Com o crescente interesse no agroneg\u00f3cio, os agricultores precisam estar cientes de novos modelos de agricultura que n\u00e3o apenas garantam a produ\u00e7\u00e3o, mas tamb\u00e9m assegurem que tal produ\u00e7\u00e3o seja feita em harmonia com as condi\u00e7\u00f5es ambientais locais existentes que garantam a sustentabilidade a longo prazo. Isso s\u00f3 pode ser garantido se a educa\u00e7\u00e3o do agricultor ocupar o centro do palco nas pol\u00edticas e programas do governo ou de ONGs para a produ\u00e7\u00e3o agr\u00edcola a longo prazo. No entanto, isso vem com sua pr\u00f3pria parcela de restri\u00e7\u00f5es. Como diz o velho ditado, \u00e9 dif\u00edcil ensinar novos truques a um cachorro velho, e \u00e9 quase imposs\u00edvel mudar a mentalidade de um agricultor idoso que pratica a agricultura convencional quase toda a sua vida da noite para o dia. Isso explica as baixas taxas de ado\u00e7\u00e3o de novas tecnologias pela maioria dos pequenos agricultores na \u00c1frica Subsaariana.<\/p>\n

De acordo com um relat\u00f3rio adotado pelo CGIAR (Cons\u00f3rcio de Centros Internacionais de Pesquisa Agr\u00edcola)<\/a>\u00a0na ado\u00e7\u00e3o de novas tecnologias por agricultores na \u00c1frica Subsaariana, a taxa \u00e9 muito mais lenta e tem apresentado uma tend\u00eancia de queda. Isso pode ser devido ao fato de que a maioria desses agricultores \u00e9 mais velha e est\u00e1 acostumada a um certo tipo de pr\u00e1tica agr\u00edcola que eles acham dif\u00edcil, se n\u00e3o imposs\u00edvel, de mudar. Isso n\u00e3o \u00e9 nenhuma surpresa, j\u00e1 que a agricultura entre as comunidades na SSA era considerada um trabalho de pessoas velhas e era associada aos pobres e vulner\u00e1veis. No entanto, com o foco mudando para o agroneg\u00f3cio, a gera\u00e7\u00e3o mais jovem \u00e9 encorajada a participar da agricultura porque est\u00e1 associada a maiores taxas de ado\u00e7\u00e3o tecnol\u00f3gica. Esta gera\u00e7\u00e3o \u2014 armada com a tecnologia e mentalidade certas \u2014 \u00e9 o futuro da agricultura na SSA e precisa ser encorajada a adotar modelos sustent\u00e1veis que n\u00e3o apenas garantam a seguran\u00e7a alimentar, mas tamb\u00e9m preocupa\u00e7\u00f5es ambientais a longo prazo.<\/p>\n

\"Fall-Armyworm-corn-Kenya\"

O Qu\u00eania sofreu recentemente um ataque devastador de uma esp\u00e9cie de lagarta-do-cartucho.<\/p><\/div>\n

Existe uma necessidade urgente, portanto, de uma mudan\u00e7a de paradigma da forma convencional de agricultura, que \u00e9 mais uma zona de conforto, para uma abordagem integrada que garanta que os agricultores tenham produ\u00e7\u00e3o garantida mesmo diante de regimes clim\u00e1ticos e de tempo flutuantes como resultado das mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas. O Qu\u00eania \u00e9 um estudo de caso interessante a esse respeito. O pa\u00eds sofreu recentemente um ataque devastador por uma esp\u00e9cie de lagarta-do-cartucho<\/a>, que se tornou quase imposs\u00edvel de controlar. Empresas agroqu\u00edmicas, institui\u00e7\u00f5es de pesquisa l\u00edderes e institui\u00e7\u00f5es governamentais foram pegas desprevenidas e sem uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o existente para os agricultores. Este surto de pragas amea\u00e7ou severamente a seguran\u00e7a alimentar no Qu\u00eania, que at\u00e9 recentemente importava milho \u2014 uma mercadoria b\u00e1sica no pa\u00eds \u2014 do M\u00e9xico.<\/p>\n

A quest\u00e3o que estava na mente de todos \u00e9 se isso aconteceu da noite para o dia, j\u00e1 que pegou todo mundo de surpresa. At\u00e9 agora, a interven\u00e7\u00e3o ainda est\u00e1 faltando e \u00e9 realmente interessante notar que certos fazendeiros optaram por mecanismos f\u00edsicos, onde eles basicamente colocam o verme entre duas pedras para esmag\u00e1-lo. Pensando bem, por mais estranho que pare\u00e7a nesta \u00e9poca e idade, este \u00e9 um dos m\u00e9todos defendidos no MIP (Manejo Integrado de Pragas) como uma forma de controle f\u00edsico de pragas. Na verdade, se cada fazendeiro tivesse aplicado o MIP, que basicamente lhe d\u00e1 a oportunidade de estar \u00e0 frente do problema, os primeiros fazendeiros cujas fazendas foram atacadas tiveram a oportunidade de controlar a praga in situ sem mais interven\u00e7\u00e3o, se apenas levassem o assunto com a seriedade que ele defende.<\/p>\n

Mas como o sistema padr\u00e3o \u00e9 se voc\u00ea notar uma praga, a interven\u00e7\u00e3o imediata seria pulverizar o produto qu\u00edmico no estoque, que na maioria dos casos \u00e9 um inseticida de amplo espectro, e se isso n\u00e3o funcionar, voc\u00ea aumenta a taxa e reduz o intervalo, e se ainda n\u00e3o funcionar, voc\u00ea pede ao Agrovet local a mistura mais forte que eles t\u00eam e pulveriza isso tamb\u00e9m. O problema provavelmente sair\u00e1 do controle. Em alguns casos, se o problema persistir e estiver amea\u00e7ando o sistema geral de produ\u00e7\u00e3o, ent\u00e3o os fazendeiros espec\u00edficos ou grupos de fazendeiros dariam o alarme ao governo para intervir e tal interven\u00e7\u00e3o seria em termos de compensa\u00e7\u00e3o por perdas e n\u00e3o para fornecer solu\u00e7\u00f5es para o problema.<\/p>\n

O que os agricultores do Qu\u00eania n\u00e3o sabiam era que a praga havia se tornado resistente a certas mol\u00e9culas. O problema pode ter surgido do uso excessivo dessas mol\u00e9culas para controlar certas pragas e, de alguma forma, afetado o equil\u00edbrio natural, portanto, o controle natural estava ausente. Por exemplo, certas esp\u00e9cies de p\u00e1ssaros e certos r\u00e9pteis que se alimentam do verme podem ter sido mortos como garantia na busca pelo controle de uma certa praga, por exemplo, o \u00e1caro vermelho. Isso foi contribu\u00eddo por nossos sistemas agr\u00edcolas que n\u00e3o incentivam o crescimento e a exist\u00eancia de inimigos naturais de pragas, uma vez que o ambiente criado se torna insuport\u00e1vel para eles ou, simplesmente, eles n\u00e3o existem porque, de alguma forma, podemos t\u00ea-los matado consciente ou inconscientemente.<\/p>\n

Este exemplo aponta para as \u00e1guas lamacentas dos futuros desafios do agroneg\u00f3cio, que se tornar\u00e3o imposs\u00edveis mesmo com o surgimento de novas tecnologias para decifrar cedo o suficiente para aplicar o controle apropriado. Isso amea\u00e7aria os meios de subsist\u00eancia, especialmente na \u00c1frica Subsaariana, onde a maioria das economias inteiras s\u00e3o baseadas na agropecu\u00e1ria. Os millennials s\u00e3o, portanto, encorajados a adotar novos modelos de agricultura que preservem a integridade do meio ambiente e dos sistemas de apoio locais. Discutirei esses modelos em detalhes, incluindo abordagens sustent\u00e1veis para resolver os principais desafios previstos em tais cen\u00e1rios, em meus artigos subsequentes.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A agricultura na \u00c1frica Subsaariana (ASS) permaneceu bastante convencional ao longo dos anos e envolve o uso intensivo de produtos qu\u00edmicos sint\u00e9ticos e\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":110,"featured_media":60841,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[25,5],"tags":[1799,554,54],"class_list":["post-60840","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-africa-middle-east","category-markets","tag-biosolutions-africa","tag-featured","tag-featured-home"],"yoast_head":"\nSub-Saharan Africa: Time for a Paradigm Shift to Sustainable Farming Practices - AgriBusiness Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Farming in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has remained fairly conventional over the years and involves intensive use of synthetic chemicals and fertilizers to\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/markets\/sub-saharan-africa-time-for-a-paradigm-shift-to-sustainable-farming-practices\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sub-Saharan Africa: Time for a Paradigm Shift to Sustainable Farming Practices - AgriBusiness Global\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Farming in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has remained fairly conventional over the years and involves intensive use of synthetic chemicals and fertilizers to\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/markets\/sub-saharan-africa-time-for-a-paradigm-shift-to-sustainable-farming-practices\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"AgriBusiness Global\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-02-15T16:11:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-03-11T18:05:39+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/d6kq167ddwbdq.cloudfront.net\/farmchemint\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Fall-Armyworm-corn-Kenya.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"337\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Matt Hopkins\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/d6kq167ddwbdq.cloudfront.net\/farmchemint\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Fall-Armyworm-corn-Kenya.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Matt Hopkins\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. tempo de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\\\/markets\\\/sub-saharan-africa-time-for-a-paradigm-shift-to-sustainable-farming-practices\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\\\/markets\\\/sub-saharan-africa-time-for-a-paradigm-shift-to-sustainable-farming-practices\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Matt Hopkins\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\\\/pt\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/4d0c8184f818e1c1add90c6287c9988e\"},\"headline\":\"Sub-Saharan Africa: Time for a Paradigm Shift to Sustainable Farming Practices\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-02-15T16:11:27+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-03-11T18:05:39+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\\\/markets\\\/sub-saharan-africa-time-for-a-paradigm-shift-to-sustainable-farming-practices\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1104,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\\\/pt\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\\\/markets\\\/sub-saharan-africa-time-for-a-paradigm-shift-to-sustainable-farming-practices\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/d6kq167ddwbdq.cloudfront.net\\\/farmchemint\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/02\\\/Fall-Armyworm-corn-Kenya.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Biosolutions Africa\",\"featured\",\"featured-home\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Africa\\\/Middle East\",\"Markets\"],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\\\/markets\\\/sub-saharan-africa-time-for-a-paradigm-shift-to-sustainable-farming-practices\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\\\/markets\\\/sub-saharan-africa-time-for-a-paradigm-shift-to-sustainable-farming-practices\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\\\/markets\\\/sub-saharan-africa-time-for-a-paradigm-shift-to-sustainable-farming-practices\\\/\",\"name\":\"Sub-Saharan Africa: Time for a Paradigm Shift to Sustainable Farming Practices - 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