{"id":60900,"date":"2018-02-27T16:14:38","date_gmt":"2018-02-27T21:14:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/?p=60900"},"modified":"2021-06-14T15:35:15","modified_gmt":"2021-06-14T19:35:15","slug":"a-golden-opportunity-for-chinese-and-indian-collaboration-in-agchem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/agrochemicals\/a-golden-opportunity-for-chinese-and-indian-collaboration-in-agchem\/","title":{"rendered":"Uma oportunidade de ouro para colabora\u00e7\u00e3o chinesa e indiana em Agchem"},"content":{"rendered":"

Desde outubro de 2017, houve grandes interrup\u00e7\u00f5es na produ\u00e7\u00e3o e fornecimento de muitos produtos agchem gen\u00e9ricos, levando a grandes aumentos de pre\u00e7os e escassez de muitos produtos. Isso se deve ao fechamento obrigat\u00f3rio de muitas plantas de produ\u00e7\u00e3o nas regi\u00f5es norte e nordeste da China pelo governo para conter a polui\u00e7\u00e3o severa usual do inverno. O fechamento obrigat\u00f3rio de usinas de energia a carv\u00e3o tamb\u00e9m tem sido um fator importante que contribui para a escassez de energia industrial necess\u00e1ria para a produ\u00e7\u00e3o agchem.<\/p>\n

AN\u00c1LISE DE SITUA\u00c7\u00c3O<\/strong><\/p>\n

O lado chin\u00eas<\/em><\/p>\n

Em geral, o fechamento obrigat\u00f3rio durante o per\u00edodo de inverno de usinas de gera\u00e7\u00e3o de energia a carv\u00e3o e muitas instala\u00e7\u00f5es de produ\u00e7\u00e3o pesada e qu\u00edmica resultaram em um ar muito mais limpo nas partes mais polu\u00eddas da China. No entanto, o bom tempo predominante tamb\u00e9m desempenhou um papel nessa melhora. O material particulado com comprimento de 2,5 m\u00edcrons ou menos (PM2,5) em Pequim ficou em 58 microgramas, o que atingiu sua meta de 2017 de ficar abaixo de 60. Embora tenha diminu\u00eddo em um ter\u00e7o em compara\u00e7\u00e3o aos n\u00edveis de cinco anos atr\u00e1s, a regi\u00e3o ainda est\u00e1 longe de atingir seu padr\u00e3o oficial de PM2,5 de 35 microgramas. Observe tamb\u00e9m que a Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o Mundial da Sa\u00fade recomenda n\u00edveis de no m\u00e1ximo 10 microgramas.<\/p>\n

No futuro, apesar das melhorias alcan\u00e7adas por meio de medidas t\u00e3o dr\u00e1sticas, conter a polui\u00e7\u00e3o de forma eficaz e consistente requer pelo menos as mesmas medidas dr\u00e1sticas tomadas, se n\u00e3o mais. Isso significa simplesmente que algumas f\u00e1bricas n\u00e3o poder\u00e3o reabrir para produ\u00e7\u00e3o na primavera, e seu futuro depender\u00e1 dos propriet\u00e1rios fazerem investimentos pesados em instala\u00e7\u00f5es antipolui\u00e7\u00e3o. Isso tamb\u00e9m significa que as f\u00e1bricas que atendem aos padr\u00f5es antipolui\u00e7\u00e3o atuais precisar\u00e3o investir ainda mais para atender aos padr\u00f5es do futuro pr\u00f3ximo.<\/p>\n

O ponto principal \u00e9 que a grande redu\u00e7\u00e3o da produ\u00e7\u00e3o e a interrup\u00e7\u00e3o do fornecimento aos mercados mundiais nos \u00faltimos meses ser\u00e3o o novo normal.<\/p>\n

As f\u00e1bricas que ter\u00e3o permiss\u00e3o para retomar a produ\u00e7\u00e3o no in\u00edcio da primavera ter\u00e3o que trabalhar com os clientes como podem aumentar a produ\u00e7\u00e3o para atender \u00e0 demanda durante o per\u00edodo de inverno, bem como atender aos per\u00edodos de menor demanda do final da primavera e do ver\u00e3o. A quest\u00e3o-chave a ser enfrentada \u00e9 quem acabar\u00e1 pagando pela produ\u00e7\u00e3o avan\u00e7ada e pelas compras avan\u00e7adas, as f\u00e1bricas chinesas ou os clientes estrangeiros? N\u00e3o h\u00e1 d\u00favida de que o custo dos produtos aumentar\u00e1 e, novamente, este ser\u00e1 mais um novo normal.<\/p>\n

O lado indiano<\/em><\/p>\n

Com a grande interrup\u00e7\u00e3o nos suprimentos a partir da \u00e9poca da feira AgroChemEx em outubro passado, quando, pela primeira vez, n\u00e3o havia praticamente nenhum produto para vender e nada para comprar, algu\u00e9m tenderia a pensar que os produtores indianos de agchem gen\u00e9ricos estariam em clima de comemora\u00e7\u00e3o. Mas esse n\u00e3o \u00e9 o caso. Os produtores indianos dependem principalmente de suprimentos de intermedi\u00e1rios e mat\u00e9rias-primas importantes da China. Os suprimentos destes foram igualmente afetados.<\/p>\n

Dito isso, a China tomou medidas dr\u00e1sticas para conter uma situa\u00e7\u00e3o aguda de polui\u00e7\u00e3o durante o inverno, e a \u00cdndia enfrentou alguns dos mesmos problemas, particularmente em Nova D\u00e9li. As escolas tiveram que ser fechadas novamente por alguns dias em novembro para proteger as crian\u00e7as da superexposi\u00e7\u00e3o a poluentes.<\/p>\n

A OPORTUNIDADE<\/strong><\/p>\n

Reconhecendo que a \u00cdndia tamb\u00e9m tem problemas de polui\u00e7\u00e3o, h\u00e1 um caso para ter mais produtos agchem de n\u00edvel t\u00e9cnico, bem como mat\u00e9rias-primas-chave produzidas na \u00cdndia? Eu acho que h\u00e1.<\/p>\n

N\u00e3o se pode esperar que o governo indiano, tanto no n\u00edvel central em D\u00e9li quanto nos n\u00edveis estaduais, permita a exporta\u00e7\u00e3o de polui\u00e7\u00e3o da China para a \u00cdndia. Qualquer mudan\u00e7a na produ\u00e7\u00e3o da China para a \u00cdndia significar\u00e1 que os parceiros indianos locais ter\u00e3o que garantir que atendam aos padr\u00f5es de polui\u00e7\u00e3o atuais e futuros prevalecentes na \u00cdndia.<\/p>\n

H\u00e1 pelo menos duas raz\u00f5es convincentes para os chineses transferirem parte da produ\u00e7\u00e3o para a \u00cdndia:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Gest\u00e3o de risco<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Conforme discutido anteriormente, daqui para frente, a produ\u00e7\u00e3o e os suprimentos na China v\u00e3o piorar antes de melhorar, a menos que todos na cadeia de suprimentos aceitem os custos muito mais altos esperados. Ent\u00e3o, ter uma base de produ\u00e7\u00e3o e suprimento alternativa ou adicional na \u00cdndia atenua quaisquer restri\u00e7\u00f5es adicionais na produ\u00e7\u00e3o na China.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Para explorar o significativo e crescente mercado indiano de agroqu\u00edmicos.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      A ind\u00fastria agroqu\u00edmica indiana, estimada em $ 4,4 bilh\u00f5es no ano fiscal de 2015, deve crescer 7,5% ao ano para atingir $ 6,3 bilh\u00f5es no ano fiscal de 2020, com a demanda interna crescendo 6,5% ao ano e a demanda de exporta\u00e7\u00e3o 9% ao ano.<\/p>\n

      Para explorar o mercado indiano de forma mais eficaz e consistente, os players chineses precisam estar atentos ao recente esfor\u00e7o do governo Modi para ter mais produ\u00e7\u00e3o local e ser menos dependente de importa\u00e7\u00f5es. Esta iniciativa econ\u00f4mica do Primeiro Ministro Modi vem sob sua batida de tambor de \u201cMake in India\u201d.<\/p>\n

      Durante os \u00faltimos meses, a m\u00e1quina governamental j\u00e1 pegou a deixa dessa batida de tambor e instituiu novas regras de registro que n\u00e3o s\u00e3o favor\u00e1veis a importadores de n\u00edvel t\u00e9cnico. A cota de importa\u00e7\u00e3o tamb\u00e9m est\u00e1 come\u00e7ando a ficar restrita.<\/p>\n

      OS OBST\u00c1CULOS<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Tendo explicado que h\u00e1 uma necessidade e uma oportunidade de ouro para os participantes chineses e indianos se unirem para resolver os problemas de produ\u00e7\u00e3o e fornecimento e se beneficiarem mutuamente dessa colabora\u00e7\u00e3o, n\u00e3o ser\u00e1 f\u00e1cil.<\/p>\n

      H\u00e1 dois grandes obst\u00e1culos a superar:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Desconfian\u00e7a m\u00fatua e diferen\u00e7as culturais<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Em geral, os indianos n\u00e3o confiam em fazer neg\u00f3cios com os chineses em uma base de joint venture, embora eles negociem entre si. Da mesma forma, os chineses n\u00e3o confiam nos indianos. Eles podem confiar em qualquer um, mas n\u00e3o uns nos outros!<\/p>\n

        Eles tamb\u00e9m n\u00e3o costumam concordar com a comida e os costumes uns dos outros. Os chineses que v\u00e3o \u00e0 \u00cdndia para fazer neg\u00f3cios levam macarr\u00e3o instant\u00e2neo com eles. Os indianos que v\u00e3o \u00e0 China para fazer neg\u00f3cios n\u00e3o podem comer praticamente nada que os chefes das f\u00e1bricas servem em suas salas de jantar executivas. Costumo aconselhar os chefes chineses a estocarem algumas samosas de vegetais e simplesmente frit\u00e1-las para seus convidados indianos. Eles ficariam muito mais felizes com apenas isso do que com o habitual banquete chin\u00eas de 10 pratos.<\/p>\n

        Existem Chinatowns em todo o mundo, mas h\u00e1 apenas uma em toda a \u00cdndia e ela est\u00e1 localizada em Calcut\u00e1, mas os descendentes de chineses que vivem l\u00e1 diminu\u00edram de cerca de 50.000 para 2.000. Existem Little Indias em muitas partes do mundo \u2014 exceto na China.<\/p>\n

        Os indianos jantam \u00e0s 20h ou 21h e, a essa altura, os chineses j\u00e1 est\u00e3o quase prontos para ir dormir!<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Uma longa hist\u00f3ria de rivalidade geopol\u00edtica e diferen\u00e7as pol\u00edticas<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Os indianos e os chineses t\u00eam uma longa hist\u00f3ria de escaramu\u00e7as de fronteira e elas continuam at\u00e9 hoje. Ainda em 2017, ambos os lados acumularam tropas em ambos os lados de suas fronteiras como se estivessem prontos para \u201ctodas as eventualidades\u201d.<\/p>\n

          O recente impulso do Presidente Xi da China para sua \u201cIniciativa Cintur\u00e3o e Rota\u201d (BRI) \u00e9 visto com grande suspeita pelos indianos e seu governo. A BRI \u00e9 uma estrat\u00e9gia de desenvolvimento proposta pelo governo chin\u00eas que se concentra na conectividade e coopera\u00e7\u00e3o entre os pa\u00edses da Eur\u00e1sia, principalmente com a China como for\u00e7a motriz, e consiste no Cintur\u00e3o Econ\u00f4mico da Rota da Seda (SREB) terrestre e na Rota da Seda Mar\u00edtima (MSR) oce\u00e2nica. Em 2017, o Presidente Xi convidou l\u00edderes regionais e globais para uma C\u00fapula da BRI realizada em Pequim. Quase todo mundo estava l\u00e1, exceto os indianos.<\/p>\n

          De acordo com um relat\u00f3rio de 2014 BBC<\/a> World Service Poll, apenas 33% de indianos veem a China positivamente, com 35% expressando uma vis\u00e3o negativa, enquanto apenas 27% de chineses veem a \u00cdndia positivamente, com 35% expressando uma vis\u00e3o negativa. Essa impress\u00e3o negativa de cada um \u00e9 muito profunda, de fato.<\/p>\n

          SUPERANDO OS OBST\u00c1CULOS<\/strong><\/p>\n

          H\u00e1 uma necessidade urgente de que os governos de ambos os lados promovam melhorias na compreens\u00e3o m\u00fatua, na aprecia\u00e7\u00e3o m\u00fatua e no respeito pela cultura e tradi\u00e7\u00f5es coloridas de cada um.<\/p>\n

          As comunidades empresariais indianas e chinesas precisam deixar de lado suas rivalidades geopol\u00edticas e focar em benef\u00edcios m\u00fatuos no com\u00e9rcio e na ind\u00fastria. Seus respectivos l\u00edderes empresariais tamb\u00e9m podem fazer sua parte para promover melhor compreens\u00e3o e aprecia\u00e7\u00e3o cultural m\u00fatua.<\/p>\n

          As principais joint ventures atuais entre empresas chinesas e indianas com produ\u00e7\u00e3o sendo feita na \u00cdndia devem ser perfiladas e destacadas. Um bom exemplo \u00e9 a fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o de dissulfeto de carbono na \u00cdndia, uma joint venture de $40 milh\u00f5es da Indofil e da Shanghai Baijin. Esta mat\u00e9ria-prima essencial \u00e9 usada na produ\u00e7\u00e3o de mancozeb.<\/p>\n

          Empreendedores indianos e chineses criados em sociedades multiculturais e ambientes de neg\u00f3cios internacionais tamb\u00e9m podem e devem desempenhar um papel na redu\u00e7\u00e3o das lacunas.<\/p>\n

          Assim como o l\u00edder indiano est\u00e1 defendendo o \u201cMake in India\u201d, o lado chin\u00eas precisa investir na \u00cdndia e fazer mais manufatura l\u00e1 para lidar com o grande desequil\u00edbrio comercial entre os dois pa\u00edses. As importa\u00e7\u00f5es totais da China durante o \u00faltimo ano fiscal ficaram em $61,3 bilh\u00f5es contra as exporta\u00e7\u00f5es da \u00cdndia para a China no valor de $10,2 bilh\u00f5es. O d\u00e9ficit comercial, que ficou em $37,2 bilh\u00f5es alguns anos atr\u00e1s, agora est\u00e1 em impressionantes $51,1 bilh\u00f5es. Isso n\u00e3o \u00e9 sustent\u00e1vel.<\/p>\n

          AS RECOMPENSAS<\/strong><\/p>\n

          A necessidade de os empreendedores agchem dos dois pa\u00edses se unirem e iniciarem mais joint ventures na \u00cdndia na fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 uma conclus\u00e3o precipitada. As recompensas para ambos os lados s\u00e3o imensas. Eles s\u00f3 precisam deixar de lado as diferen\u00e7as e unir suas mentes para a atual oportunidade de ouro de colaborar em uma escala sem precedentes.<\/p>\n

           <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          A necessidade de os empreendedores agchem dos dois pa\u00edses se unirem e iniciarem mais joint ventures baseadas na \u00cdndia em manufatura \u00e9 uma conclus\u00e3o precipitada. As recompensas para ambos os lados s\u00e3o imensas. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":72,"featured_media":60901,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,28,1846],"tags":[1058,54,1236],"class_list":["post-60900","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agrochemicals","category-asia","category-sustainability","tag-china","tag-featured-home","tag-india"],"yoast_head":"\nA Golden Opportunity for Chinese and Indian Collaboration in Agchem - AgriBusiness Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The need for the two countries\u2019 agchem entrepreneurs to come together and initiate more India-based joint ventures in manufacturing is a foregone conclusion. 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