{"id":61365,"date":"2018-06-04T13:44:07","date_gmt":"2018-06-04T17:44:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/?p=61365"},"modified":"2019-10-01T09:56:34","modified_gmt":"2019-10-01T13:56:34","slug":"pfmais-dave-indian-bill-is-total-surrender-to-multinationals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/markets\/pfmais-dave-indian-bill-is-total-surrender-to-multinationals\/","title":{"rendered":"Dave da PFMAI: Projeto de lei indiano \u00e9 "rendi\u00e7\u00e3o total" \u00e0s multinacionais"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"PFMAI\u2019s<\/a>

Pradip Dave<\/p><\/div>\n

Os fabricantes indianos de pesticidas esperam que a legisla\u00e7\u00e3o federal proposta acabe com uma pr\u00e1tica que, segundo eles, est\u00e1 dando vantagem injusta \u00e0s corpora\u00e7\u00f5es multinacionais que importam produtos pesticidas prontos para o pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n

Contudo, tal como est\u00e1 agora, a legisla\u00e7\u00e3o \u2013 Projeto de Lei de Gest\u00e3o de Pesticidas-2017<\/a> \u2013 fica aqu\u00e9m, deixando o futuro da ind\u00fastria nacional de pesticidas em perigo e mantendo os pre\u00e7os dos defensivos agr\u00edcolas altos para os agricultores, dizem os fabricantes indianos de pesticidas.<\/p>\n

\u201cO PMB-2017, em sua forma atual, \u00e9 uma rendi\u00e7\u00e3o total aos importadores e corpora\u00e7\u00f5es multinacionais\u201d, diz Pradip Dave, presidente da Associa\u00e7\u00e3o de Fabricantes e Formuladores de Pesticidas da \u00cdndia, um grupo comercial.<\/p>\n

O PMB-2017 substituiria e atualizaria o Insecticides Act-1968 da \u00cdndia. Os objetivos listados no projeto de lei incluem garantir pesticidas de qualidade para fazendeiros, garantir a seguran\u00e7a e efic\u00e1cia dos pesticidas, minimizar a contamina\u00e7\u00e3o de fazendas por res\u00edduos de pesticidas e educar o p\u00fablico sobre o uso seguro e sensato de pesticidas.<\/p>\n

O projeto de lei tamb\u00e9m estabeleceria um Conselho Central de Pesticidas que aconselharia o Governo Central da \u00cdndia sobre a ci\u00eancia e os detalhes t\u00e9cnicos dos pesticidas.<\/p>\n

Mas o projeto de lei n\u00e3o exige que os importadores de pesticidas prontos registrem os ingredientes ativos de seus produtos no governo federal, embora os fabricantes nacionais sejam obrigados a faz\u00ea-lo.<\/p>\n

Como os importadores podem manter seus ingredientes ativos em segredo, os fabricantes indianos n\u00e3o podem tirar vantagem das regras "me-too", que permitem que eles registrem rapidamente seus pr\u00f3prios produtos pesticidas novos se os produtos forem id\u00eanticos ou substancialmente semelhantes aos produtos existentes - incluindo aqueles que s\u00e3o importados. Os registros me-too, padr\u00e3o na maioria dos pa\u00edses, t\u00eam como objetivo refor\u00e7ar a ind\u00fastria dom\u00e9stica de pesticidas.<\/p>\n

Dave diz que esse arranjo injusto deu \u00e0s multinacionais o monop\u00f3lio de pesticidas e levou a ind\u00fastria dom\u00e9stica \u00e0 ru\u00edna. Isso \u00e9 devastador para um pa\u00eds onde mais da metade dos cidad\u00e3os dependem direta ou indiretamente da agricultura para sua subsist\u00eancia.<\/p>\n

Shrikant Satwe, chefe de neg\u00f3cios internacionais da Insecticides India Ltd., uma empresa indiana de fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o de produtos qu\u00edmicos, compartilha as preocupa\u00e7\u00f5es de Dave.<\/p>\n

\u201cComo o registro de (AIs) n\u00e3o \u00e9 obrigat\u00f3rio de acordo com o novo PMB-2017, as corpora\u00e7\u00f5es n\u00e3o fabricar\u00e3o produtos de grau t\u00e9cnico na \u00cdndia\u201d, diz Satwe. \u201cAl\u00e9m disso, n\u00e3o haver\u00e1 restri\u00e7\u00f5es para importa\u00e7\u00e3o de formula\u00e7\u00f5es.\u201d<\/p>\n

Os fabricantes indianos de pesticidas exigiram, por meio de associa\u00e7\u00f5es industriais como a Dave's PMFAI e em cartas a autoridades governamentais, que o PMB-2017 exija o registro de IAs em produtos pesticidas prontos, enquanto o projeto de lei \u00e9 finalizado nos pr\u00f3ximos meses.<\/p>\n

\u201cIsso daria oportunidade para ind\u00fastrias ind\u00edgenas de m\u00e9dio e pequeno porte, que impulsionam a economia da na\u00e7\u00e3o, tamb\u00e9m fazerem neg\u00f3cios, resultando em oportunidades de emprego para o povo (indiano)\u201d, diz Dave. \u201cCaso contr\u00e1rio, o pa\u00eds acabar\u00e1 como reembalador de produtos importados.\u201d<\/p>\n

Se a mensagem est\u00e1 penetrando no governo federal \u00e9 uma quest\u00e3o em aberto. Dr. B. Rajender, secret\u00e1rio adjunto de prote\u00e7\u00e3o de plantas no Minist\u00e9rio da Agricultura e Bem-Estar dos Agricultores da \u00cdndia, e Sh. DDK Sharma, secret\u00e1rio do Conselho Central de Inseticidas e Comit\u00ea de Registro da \u00cdndia, n\u00e3o retornaram os e-mails.<\/p>\n

Lei vs. Pol\u00edtica<\/strong><\/p>\n

Insecticides Act-1968, ainda a lei do pa\u00eds, exige o registro de IAs em produtos pesticidas prontos importados. Dave diz que a mesma regra se aplica em v\u00e1rias outras grandes na\u00e7\u00f5es agr\u00edcolas, incluindo os Estados Unidos, Austr\u00e1lia, Brasil, China e pa\u00edses da Europa.<\/p>\n

\u201cA Lei de Inseticidas de 1968 garante a disponibilidade de concorr\u00eancia entre os fabricantes, para que os agricultores obtenham esse insumo agr\u00edcola essencial a pre\u00e7os razo\u00e1veis\u201d, diz Dave.<\/p>\n

Entretanto, em 2007, o comit\u00ea de registro do governo, respons\u00e1vel pelo processamento de registros de ingredientes ativos, criou uma nova pol\u00edtica que permitiu que corpora\u00e7\u00f5es multinacionais importassem produtos pesticidas prontos, ao mesmo tempo em que adiava o registro de IA \u2014 mantendo assim os princ\u00edpios ativos em segredo \u2014 por tr\u00eas anos.<\/p>\n

Dave diz que multinacionais e importadores fizeram lobby pela pol\u00edtica, que est\u00e1 em vigor desde ent\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

\u201cA PMFAI tem se oposto fortemente \u00e0 pol\u00edtica desde o in\u00edcio\u201d, diz Dave.<\/p>\n

Satwe diz que a pol\u00edtica viola a Lei de Inseticidas de 1968.<\/p>\n

\u201cIsso est\u00e1 impactando diretamente o crescimento das empresas de manufatura, pois mais e mais empresas est\u00e3o inclinadas a importar apenas formula\u00e7\u00f5es\u201d, diz Satwe.<\/p>\n

De acordo com a PMFAI, nos \u00faltimos 10 anos ou mais, mais de 120 produtos prontos foram importados para a \u00cdndia sem registro de IAs. Quase todas as empresas multinacionais de pesticidas tiraram vantagem da pol\u00edtica.<\/p>\n

Al\u00e9m disso, na maioria dos casos, os importadores n\u00e3o registraram AIs mesmo ap\u00f3s o per\u00edodo de tr\u00eas anos, violando a pol\u00edtica de 2007, diz Dave. Alguns desses produtos e seus AIs \u2013 incluindo Metolachlor 50 EC, Pendimethalin 38.7 CS, Diflubenzuron 2 Gr., Lambda cyhalothrin 22.9 CS e Bifenthrin 23.4 MUP \u2013 t\u00eam mais de 25 anos e foram registrados em outros pa\u00edses, mas n\u00e3o na \u00cdndia.<\/p>\n

Fabricantes nacionais, deixados no escuro em rela\u00e7\u00e3o a IAs importadas, n\u00e3o conseguem competir porque n\u00e3o conseguem introduzir produtos similares por meio de registros me-too. Isso levou a mais de Rs 7.000 crore, equivalente a cerca de $70 bilh\u00f5es, saindo da \u00cdndia para corpora\u00e7\u00f5es multinacionais, de acordo com a PMFAI.<\/p>\n

Al\u00e9m disso, a \u00cdndia n\u00e3o experimentou nenhum novo investimento em plantas dom\u00e9sticas de fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o de pesticidas. Dave diz que 80 a 100 pequenas e m\u00e9dias f\u00e1bricas indianas, e 14 grandes plantas, fecharam nos \u00faltimos 10 anos.<\/p>\n

E como os importadores n\u00e3o t\u00eam concorr\u00eancia dom\u00e9stica, eles podem definir seus pr\u00f3prios pre\u00e7os. Suas margens de lucro aumentaram em 200% para 400%, diz Dave.<\/p>\n

\u201cIsso lhes deu o monop\u00f3lio total para saquear os fazendeiros indianos\u201d, diz Dave.<\/p>\n

Outro efeito negativo da pol\u00edtica de 2007 \u00e9 ambiental. Os reguladores indianos n\u00e3o sabem quais produtos qu\u00edmicos est\u00e3o entrando no pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n

\u201cIsso resultou no uso de (ingredientes) t\u00e9cnicos de baixa qualidade, com impurezas ou material vencido com menor conte\u00fado t\u00e9cnico, o que \u00e9 prejudicial \u00e0 sa\u00fade dos agricultores, ao meio ambiente e ao solo\u201d, diz Dave.<\/p>\n

Finalmente, Dave diz que a pol\u00edtica de 2007 \u00e9 contr\u00e1ria \u00e0 pol\u00edtica nacional Campanha \u201cMake In India\u201d<\/a>, o que incentiva a compra de empresas indianas.<\/p>\n

Assist\u00eancia de namoro<\/strong><\/p>\n

A PMFAI desafiou a pol\u00edtica de IA em um processo de 2011 no Tribunal Superior de Gujarat. Em 2013, o tribunal decidiu contra a pol\u00edtica, ordenando que o governo elaborasse diretrizes mais transparentes e justas para produtos prontos importados, diz Dave.<\/p>\n

A decis\u00e3o permitiu imediatamente que duas ou tr\u00eas empresas indianas introduzissem novos produtos por meio de registros me-too, e os pre\u00e7os de alguns produtos ca\u00edram de INR 8500 ($126) para INR 3000 ($45). Tanto os fabricantes nacionais quanto os agricultores se beneficiaram.<\/p>\n

Mas os importadores apelaram da decis\u00e3o judicial e das novas diretrizes e continuam relutantes em registrar seus ativos, enquanto o caso continua.<\/p>\n

Enquanto isso, a PMFAI n\u00e3o gosta do que v\u00ea no PMB-2017. O projeto de lei afirma que todo requerimento para pesticidas importados deve respaldar alega\u00e7\u00f5es de desempenho, efic\u00e1cia e seguran\u00e7a do produto, e deve fornecer informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre quaisquer efeitos nocivos a humanos, animais e ao meio ambiente.<\/p>\n

Al\u00e9m disso, aplica\u00e7\u00f5es de pesticidas importados devem incluir limites de toler\u00e2ncia para efeitos residuais de pesticidas em planta\u00e7\u00f5es e commodities. O projeto de lei tamb\u00e9m permite registros me-too.<\/p>\n

No entanto, o projeto de lei n\u00e3o faz men\u00e7\u00e3o a IAs ou ao registro delas. Dave considera isso uma brecha gritante que deixa a cl\u00e1usula me-too sem sentido.<\/p>\n

\u201cO PMB-2017 deve fornecer condi\u00e7\u00f5es equitativas para fabricantes nacionais e importadores, garantindo o registro obrigat\u00f3rio de ingredientes ativos\u201d, diz Dave.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nova legisla\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 insuficiente e d\u00e1 vantagem injusta a importadores e multinacionais, dizem fabricantes indianos.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":72,"featured_media":54842,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[28,20,5],"tags":[54,1236,962],"class_list":["post-61365","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asia","category-insecticides","category-markets","tag-featured-home","tag-india","tag-pmfai"],"yoast_head":"\nPFMAI\u2019s Dave: Indian Bill Is \u2018Total Surrender\u2019 to Multinationals - AgriBusiness Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"New legislation falls short and gives unfair advantage to importers and multinationals, Indian manufacturers say.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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