{"id":61582,"date":"2018-08-27T08:03:52","date_gmt":"2018-08-27T12:03:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/?p=61582"},"modified":"2019-03-27T15:02:43","modified_gmt":"2019-03-27T19:02:43","slug":"zimbabwes-new-government-pushes-to-strengthen-agriculture-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/markets\/zimbabwes-new-government-pushes-to-strengthen-agriculture-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Novo Governo do Zimbabu\u00e9 pressiona para fortalecer a agricultura"},"content":{"rendered":"

O novo governo do Zimb\u00e1bue revelou novos planos, incluindo um plano de revis\u00e3o de posse de terra e subs\u00eddios para safras agr\u00edcolas para aumentar a produ\u00e7\u00e3o agr\u00edcola, o que pode aumentar significativamente a demanda por sementes, fertilizantes e pesticidas.<\/p>\n

O presidente Emmerson Mnangagwa, que assumiu o cargo em novembro passado depois que os militares expulsaram Robert Mugabe, que estava no cargo h\u00e1 muito tempo, criou um novo esquema de recupera\u00e7\u00e3o econ\u00f4mica chamado de "Nova Ordem Econ\u00f4mica", que inclui o Programa Especial de Produ\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00edcola (SAPP) \u2014 tamb\u00e9m conhecido como Agricultura de Comando.<\/p>\n

A press\u00e3o do novo governo para aumentar a produ\u00e7\u00e3o agr\u00edcola abriu novas oportunidades de neg\u00f3cios para fornecedores de sementes de plantio e fabricantes de agroqu\u00edmicos do Zimb\u00e1bue, apesar dos desafios iniciais de fornecimento de insumos agr\u00edcolas.<\/p>\n

Mnangagwa tamb\u00e9m instruiu o Minist\u00e9rio das Finan\u00e7as, em parceria com o Minist\u00e9rio da Agricultura, a reestruturar e agilizar as opera\u00e7\u00f5es do Plano de Insumos Presidenciais, que foi prejudicado por alega\u00e7\u00f5es de corrup\u00e7\u00e3o e m\u00e1 gest\u00e3o na distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de insumos agr\u00edcolas aos agricultores.<\/p>\n

\"Cecilia-Ndlovu\"<\/a>

Cecilia Ndlovu do esquema de irriga\u00e7\u00e3o de Tshongokwe na prov\u00edncia de Matabeleland Norte, Zimb\u00e1bue, em frente \u00e0 sua planta\u00e7\u00e3o de milho de demonstra\u00e7\u00e3o. Cr\u00e9dito da foto: USAID<\/p><\/div>\n

O SAPP, com o apoio do setor privado, visa a melhoria e expans\u00e3o dos servi\u00e7os de extens\u00e3o, controle de doen\u00e7as e pragas, fornecimento de arrendamentos financi\u00e1veis e seguran\u00e7a de posse, servi\u00e7os de irriga\u00e7\u00e3o e mecaniza\u00e7\u00e3o agr\u00edcola.<\/p>\n

Para implementar o SAPP com sucesso, o governo aumentou as aloca\u00e7\u00f5es para o setor agr\u00edcola no or\u00e7amento de 2018 para 9% do or\u00e7amento nacional total, acima dos 7% do ano passado. O or\u00e7amento inclui financiamento para expandir a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de milho para 220.000 hectares (ha) sob o programa Command Agriculture. Este plano de produ\u00e7\u00e3o de milho custar\u00e1 cerca de $214 milh\u00f5es em 2018 e inclui o fornecimento de insumos agr\u00edcolas, como sementes de plantio, fertilizantes e agroqu\u00edmicos selecionados.<\/p>\n

O Ministro das Finan\u00e7as Patrick Chinamasa disse em sua declara\u00e7\u00e3o or\u00e7ament\u00e1ria de 2018 que o governo tinha, at\u00e9 o final de dezembro de 2017, contratado 46.404 produtores de milho com uma estimativa de 219.900 ha para cultivar a safra sob a iniciativa SAPP. Os 220.000 ha destinados \u00e0 produ\u00e7\u00e3o de milho exigir\u00e3o 4.109 toneladas de sementes de plantio, 29.489 toneladas de fertilizante basal e 1.229 toneladas de cobertura que pode ser sulfato de am\u00f4nio (seco) ou tiossulfato de am\u00f4nio (l\u00edquido).<\/p>\n

Chinamasa diz que o novo governo no Zimbabu\u00e9 ir\u00e1 \u201cfortalecer os sistemas de controlo e distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de insumos agr\u00edcolas, bem como os mecanismos de monitoriza\u00e7\u00e3o de programas em todas as fases da cadeia de fornecimento e distribui\u00e7\u00e3o para tapar fugas\u201d. Esta melhoria do sistema diz respeito aos insumos agr\u00edcolas fornecidos ao abrigo de regimes de subs\u00eddios governamentais, n\u00e3o s\u00f3 para o milho, mas tamb\u00e9m para outros alimentos e
\nculturas comerciais.<\/p>\n

Parte da reestrutura\u00e7\u00e3o do Plano de Insumos Presidenciais \u00e9 uma substitui\u00e7\u00e3o gradual do atual sistema manual de coleta e distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de insumos agr\u00edcolas por uma plataforma eletr\u00f4nica de dados que ser\u00e1 baseada no Sistema de Gest\u00e3o Financeira P\u00fablica (PFMS), de acordo com a Chinamasa.<\/p>\n

Escassez<\/h2>\n

\u201cAtualmente, h\u00e1 uma escassez cr\u00edtica de sementes de plantio de soja. Apenas 2.750 toneladas est\u00e3o dispon\u00edveis contra uma exig\u00eancia de 6.000 toneladas para atingir as metas de produ\u00e7\u00e3o de soja sob o programa Command Agriculture\u201d, disse Chinamasa em dezembro.<\/p>\n

A ind\u00fastria de fertilizantes tamb\u00e9m enfrenta desafios. As indica\u00e7\u00f5es s\u00e3o de que o Zimb\u00e1bue atualmente tem 120.000 toneladas de fertilizante prontas para descarte no mercado. A ind\u00fastria tem capacidade para produzir mais 160.000 toneladas entre novembro e janeiro de 2019, ele disse.<\/p>\n

Chinamasa diz que o desafio para os produtores de fertilizantes no Zimb\u00e1bue \u00e9 a falta de moeda estrangeira em um pa\u00eds que, desde o final de 2017, sofre com a escassez de d\u00f3lares americanos, moeda adotada em 2009 depois que sua pr\u00f3pria moeda foi dizimada pela hiperinfla\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

\u201cAs mat\u00e9rias-primas necess\u00e1rias (para a fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o de fertilizantes) est\u00e3o dispon\u00edveis em casas alfandegadas no Zimb\u00e1bue, mas seriam necess\u00e1rios $61,32 milh\u00f5es em moeda estrangeira\u201d, diz Chinamasa.<\/p>\n

O mercado de insumos agr\u00edcolas do Zimb\u00e1bue \u00e9 dominado por empresas locais e internacionais que est\u00e3o preparadas para aproveitar o crescente programa de apoio governamental \u00e0 agricultura para melhorar seus lucros e fortalecer suas opera\u00e7\u00f5es no pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n

Embora o Minist\u00e9rio da Agricultura do Zimbabu\u00e9 n\u00e3o tenha podido fornecer imediatamente uma actualiza\u00e7\u00e3o do mercado, conforme solicitado Agroneg\u00f3cio Global<\/em>\u2122, estimativas anteriores indicaram que o pa\u00eds tem cerca de 40 neg\u00f3cios agroqu\u00edmicos. Algumas das empresas est\u00e3o envolvidas na formula\u00e7\u00e3o e comercializa\u00e7\u00e3o de quase 450 produtos agroqu\u00edmicos diferentes.<\/p>\n

Principais jogadores, produtos, estrutura<\/h2>\n

Alguns dos principais participantes do mercado agroqu\u00edmico do Zimb\u00e1bue incluem Omni, Windmill, Proffer, Superfast, Farmers World, Bayer, Greenyard, Agricore, Prime Crop Protection, Prime Seeds, Agricura, Polachem, Intercrop, ZFC, Pivotal, Curechem e Klein Karoo. A Klein Karoo, que \u00e9 uma subsidi\u00e1ria da empresa listada na \u00c1frica do Sul, ZAAD Investment Ltd, indicou em um relat\u00f3rio de 2016 que detinha 10% do mercado de sementes do Zimb\u00e1bue e revelou um plano de investimento de $6 milh\u00f5es para aumentar a participa\u00e7\u00e3o para 20% at\u00e9 o final deste ano.<\/p>\n

As principais culturas no Zimb\u00e1bue s\u00e3o milho, tabaco, algod\u00e3o e soja. Relat\u00f3rios recentes mostram um decl\u00ednio na produ\u00e7\u00e3o de cada uma dessas principais culturas devido \u00e0 seca prolongada, financiamento inadequado do setor e pol\u00edticas governamentais ruins que levaram ao colapso da economia em geral.<\/p>\n

As planta\u00e7\u00f5es exigem diferentes agroqu\u00edmicos para proteg\u00ea-las contra doen\u00e7as e pragas. Alguns dos herbicidas, inseticidas, fungicidas e nematicidas comuns dispon\u00edveis no mercado do Zimb\u00e1bue incluem glifosato, atrazina, alacloro, paraquate, metolacloro, dimetoato, carbaril, imidacloprido, oxicloreto de cobre, tebuconazol, benomil, fenamifos e acefato.<\/p>\n

A estrutura de mercado consiste em importadores e distribuidores que se complementam para garantir a disponibilidade de produtos agroqu\u00edmicos de qualidade e fornecimento cont\u00ednuo para garantir que cheguem aos agricultores. Os importadores, muitos deles subsidi\u00e1rias de fabricantes internacionais, importam ingredientes ativos para formula\u00e7\u00e3o em diferentes agroqu\u00edmicos, dependendo das necessidades do mercado. Esses importadores contam com distribuidores, que t\u00eam uma rede nacional, para chegar aos agricultores.<\/p>\n

Em alguns casos, distribuidores com capacidade de cadeia de suprimentos recebem agroqu\u00edmicos a granel de empresas importadoras, fracionam os produtos, reembalam e distribuem aos agricultores por meio de lojas de varejo de agroqu\u00edmicos em todo o pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n

Por exemplo, a Agrochem, uma das principais distribuidoras do Zimb\u00e1bue, diz que obt\u00e9m seu suprimento de agroqu\u00edmicos da Syngenta, Bayer e BASF, al\u00e9m de outras fontes que fornecem pesticidas gen\u00e9ricos e outros agroqu\u00edmicos.<\/p>\n

No entanto, a importa\u00e7\u00e3o de agroqu\u00edmicos e ingredientes ativos para formula\u00e7\u00e3o deve estar em conformidade com a Lei de Fertilizantes, Ra\u00e7\u00f5es Agr\u00edcolas e Rem\u00e9dios do Minist\u00e9rio da Agricultura do Zimb\u00e1bue de 2012, que inclui regulamenta\u00e7\u00f5es espec\u00edficas sobre importa\u00e7\u00e3o, marketing e uso de pesticidas. As regulamenta\u00e7\u00f5es pro\u00edbem a venda de qualquer pesticida que n\u00e3o tenha sido registrado no Zimb\u00e1bue. Os operadores de pesticidas tamb\u00e9m s\u00e3o obrigados a se registrar no Minist\u00e9rio da Agricultura por meio de um representante licenciado e j\u00e1 operando no pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n

As empresas importadoras devem solicitar uma licen\u00e7a de importa\u00e7\u00e3o e confirmar ao registrador de pesticidas que os produtos est\u00e3o registrados no Zimb\u00e1bue e cont\u00eam o nome da empresa, n\u00famero de registro, nome do pesticida, formula\u00e7\u00e3o e seu ponto de origem.<\/p>\n

Para varejistas e distribuidores, o requisito \u00e9 que eles cumpram os padr\u00f5es estipulados para as instala\u00e7\u00f5es que eles usam e que devem estar longe de pr\u00e9dios residenciais. Eles tamb\u00e9m devem empregar pessoas com qualifica\u00e7\u00f5es de treinamento agr\u00edcola em seus neg\u00f3cios de varejo e distribui\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

O Zimb\u00e1bue parece ter percebido os erros que minaram os ganhos obtidos na produ\u00e7\u00e3o agr\u00edcola ao longo dos anos, com o Ministro das Finan\u00e7as Chinamasa dizendo que o futuro \u00e9 brilhante sob o novo governo, com novos esfor\u00e7os agora em andamento para trazer estabilidade na gest\u00e3o da propriedade da terra que apoie o uso eficaz.<\/p>\n

Ele atribui o colapso econ\u00f4mico do Zimb\u00e1bue \u00e0 \u201cdecl\u00ednio dos n\u00edveis de confian\u00e7a dos investidores nacionais e estrangeiros devido \u00e0s inconsist\u00eancias pol\u00edticas e a um ambiente de neg\u00f3cios incerto e n\u00e3o competitivo\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cFraquezas arraigadas e indisciplina na gest\u00e3o das finan\u00e7as p\u00fablicas est\u00e3o agravando a situa\u00e7\u00e3o, o que por sua vez transmite vulnerabilidades na gera\u00e7\u00e3o e disponibilidade de divisas\u201d, ele diz. Importadores de mat\u00e9rias-primas para fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o de fertilizantes, por exemplo, n\u00e3o conseguem desembara\u00e7ar suas importa\u00e7\u00f5es por falta de divisas.<\/p>\n

Chinamasa garantiu sobre a futura expropria\u00e7\u00e3o de terras no Zimb\u00e1bue, dizendo que o novo governo instituiu medidas que \u201cfortalecem a posi\u00e7\u00e3o legal das cartas de oferta para propriedade de terras e os 99 arrendamentos de terras para permitir investimentos muito necess\u00e1rios, melhoria de terras e, portanto, produ\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O novo governo do Zimb\u00e1bue revelou novos planos, incluindo um plano de revis\u00e3o da posse de terras e subs\u00eddios para colheitas agr\u00edcolas para\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":110,"featured_media":61583,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[25,5],"tags":[1698,554],"class_list":["post-61582","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-africa-middle-east","category-markets","tag-africa","tag-featured"],"yoast_head":"\nZimbabwe\u2019s New Government Pushes to Strengthen Agriculture - AgriBusiness Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The new government in Zimbabwe has unveiled new plans, including a land tenure review plan and agricultural crop subsidies to scale up farm production,\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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