{"id":65586,"date":"2020-03-31T15:38:34","date_gmt":"2020-03-31T19:38:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/?p=65586"},"modified":"2020-03-03T15:39:58","modified_gmt":"2020-03-03T20:39:58","slug":"the-state-of-gmos-in-kenya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/genetics\/the-state-of-gmos-in-kenya\/","title":{"rendered":"O estado dos OGM no Qu\u00e9nia"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Fall

A lagarta-do-cartucho do milho invadiu v\u00e1rias na\u00e7\u00f5es africanas, o que fez com que os governos reconsiderassem as proibi\u00e7\u00f5es de culturas GM. Foto cortesia: Charles T. Bryson, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org<\/p><\/div>\n

Em 2006, a Uni\u00e3o Africana adotou uma resolu\u00e7\u00e3o declarando que organismos geneticamente modificados (OGMs) n\u00e3o eram bem-vindos no continente. N\u00e3o demorou muito para que a resolu\u00e7\u00e3o fosse destru\u00edda depois que se tornou aparente que os OGMs t\u00eam o potencial de redefinir a agricultura. Apesar da inquieta\u00e7\u00e3o inerente, a \u00c1frica est\u00e1 se tornando a pr\u00f3xima fronteira para a tecnologia GM, embora lentamente. Em uma entrevista com Agroneg\u00f3cio Global\u2122<\/em>, Prof. Dorington Ogoyi, Diretor Executivo da Autoridade Nacional de Biosseguran\u00e7a do Qu\u00eania<\/a>, coloca as quest\u00f5es que cercam os OGMs em perspectiva. A National Biosafety Authority (NBA) \u00e9 uma ag\u00eancia reguladora encarregada da responsabilidade de supervisionar as atividades envolvidas em organismos geneticamente modificados. Essencialmente, o foco \u00e9 regular os OGMs por toda a cadeia durante o processo de desenvolvimento, desde o uso contido dentro do ambiente de laborat\u00f3rio, testes de campo confinados at\u00e9 a libera\u00e7\u00e3o nacional.<\/p>\n

\"Prof.

Prof. Dorington Ogoyi, Diretor Executivo da Autoridade Nacional de Biosseguran\u00e7a do Qu\u00eania<\/p><\/div>\n

P. Qual \u00e9 o status dos OGM no Qu\u00eania?<\/strong>
\nO Qu\u00eania promulgou a Lei de Biosseguran\u00e7a em 2009 e estabeleceu a NBA em 2010. Desde sua cria\u00e7\u00e3o, a NBA revisou mais de 28 aplica\u00e7\u00f5es de uso contido. Essas s\u00e3o aplica\u00e7\u00f5es feitas em laborat\u00f3rio. Aprovamos 14 testes de campo confinado e revisamos duas aplica\u00e7\u00f5es de libera\u00e7\u00e3o ambiental para algod\u00e3o Bt e milho Bt. O algod\u00e3o Bt avan\u00e7ou e esperamos que os testes de desempenho nacional comecem (em breve). O milho Bt ainda tem alguns problemas a resolver.<\/p>\n

P. O Qu\u00eania permite alguma forma de OGM?<\/strong>
\nSe a pergunta for: "Temos OGMs no mercado?", ent\u00e3o a resposta \u00e9 "n\u00e3o" do ponto de vista regulat\u00f3rio. N\u00e3o aprovamos nenhum produto para coloca\u00e7\u00e3o no mercado. Em 2012, o Qu\u00eania proibiu importa\u00e7\u00f5es de OGMs e, tecnicamente, como ag\u00eancia, devemos impor essa proibi\u00e7\u00e3o. Enquanto falamos, nenhuma importa\u00e7\u00e3o de OGMs \u00e9 permitida no Qu\u00eania.<\/p>\n

P. Houve conversas sobre a suspens\u00e3o da proibi\u00e7\u00e3o. Qual \u00e9 a posi\u00e7\u00e3o da NBA?<\/strong>
\nDa nossa perspectiva, aconselhamos o governo sobre qual dire\u00e7\u00e3o seguir, que \u00e9 que a proibi\u00e7\u00e3o deveria ser suspensa para permitir que o Qu\u00eania obtivesse todos os benef\u00edcios da tecnologia GM.<\/p>\n

P. Os OGM podem ajudar a resolver o problema da lagarta-do-cartucho?<\/strong>
\nA lagarta-do-cartucho \u00e9 uma nova praga nesta regi\u00e3o. O foco agora \u00e9 basicamente aplicar muitos inseticidas e identificar quais s\u00e3o ideais. Acho que no final das contas o manejo da lagarta ter\u00e1 que ser o uso de v\u00e1rias abordagens. O milho Bt aprovado para teste de desempenho nacional tem alguns impactos na lagarta-do-cartucho, embora n\u00e3o tenha sido projetado para a lagarta. Este \u00e9 um efeito colateral positivo. Se os cientistas tiverem a chance de procurar cepas Bt que possam ser eficazes contra a lagarta-do-cartucho, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel que possamos introduzi-las no milho e controlar a lagarta. Os produtos OGM podem ser um dos kits de ferramentas que podem ser usados para controlar a lagarta-do-cartucho.<\/p>\n

P. Culturas transg\u00eanicas e n\u00e3o transg\u00eanicas podem coexistir?<\/strong>
\nSim, os OGMs podem coexistir com culturas convencionais. Mesmo quando voc\u00ea olha como os principais pa\u00edses produtores de algod\u00e3o adotaram os OGMs, ainda h\u00e1 uma porcentagem que ainda cultiva org\u00e2nicos. Mesmo no Brasil, onde a ado\u00e7\u00e3o de OGM \u00e9 muito alta, eles ainda t\u00eam uma provis\u00e3o para o cultivo de n\u00e3o-OGMs. Existem mecanismos para fazer isso, como isolamento, espa\u00e7amento, plantio em diferentes esta\u00e7\u00f5es, zoneamento e plantio em diferentes \u00e9pocas. Por exemplo, se voc\u00ea plantar milho com 10 dias de intervalo, a possibilidade de poliniza\u00e7\u00e3o cruzada \u00e9 nula porque eles estar\u00e3o em est\u00e1gios diferentes.<\/p>\n

P. Como a Uni\u00e3o Europeia (UE) impactou os pa\u00edses africanos em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 tecnologia GM?<\/strong>
\nA quest\u00e3o sobre a UE \u00e9 \u00e0s vezes deturpada porque a UE, se voc\u00ea olhar os registros, \u00e9 a maior importadora de produtos OGM da Am\u00e9rica do Sul. Eles importam toneladas de soja, \u00f3leo de soja, produtos de milho, entre outros. Eles s\u00e3o os maiores consumidores de produtos de pa\u00edses da Am\u00e9rica do Sul, que adotaram uma s\u00e9rie de tecnologias OGM. A \u00fanica condi\u00e7\u00e3o que a UE estabelece \u00e9 que ela deve aprovar o produto. Se o Qu\u00eania, ou qualquer outro pa\u00eds africano, for produzir produtos OGM, eles devem ser aprovados pela UE para importa\u00e7\u00e3o. A diferen\u00e7a \u00e9 que a UE importa OGM como alimento, mas reluta em plantar.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A Uni\u00e3o Africana proibiu originalmente as culturas geneticamente modificadas, mas preocupa\u00e7\u00f5es com a seguran\u00e7a alimentar e pragas invasoras fizeram o Qu\u00eania repensar sua pol\u00edtica.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":112,"featured_media":65564,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[25,1688,5],"tags":[54,602],"class_list":["post-65586","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-africa-middle-east","category-genetics","category-markets","tag-featured-home","tag-gmos"],"yoast_head":"\nThe State of GMOs in Kenya - AgriBusiness Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The African Union originally banned genetically modified crops, but concerns about food security and invasive pests have Kenya rethinking policy.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/genetics\/the-state-of-gmos-in-kenya\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The State of GMOs in Kenya - 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