{"id":65909,"date":"2020-06-01T15:56:49","date_gmt":"2020-06-01T19:56:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/?p=65909"},"modified":"2020-06-01T16:07:33","modified_gmt":"2020-06-01T20:07:33","slug":"desert-locust-control-hindered-by-pesticide-procurement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/markets\/desert-locust-control-hindered-by-pesticide-procurement\/","title":{"rendered":"Controle de gafanhotos do deserto dificultado pela aquisi\u00e7\u00e3o de pesticidas"},"content":{"rendered":"

O ano de 2019 testemunhou pa\u00edses no Grande Chifre da \u00c1frica sofrendo uma s\u00e9ria invas\u00e3o de gafanhotos do deserto, a pior em mais de 70 anos. \u00daltimas atualiza\u00e7\u00f5es do Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas para a Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o e a Agricultura<\/a> indicam que um surto massivo de gafanhotos do deserto est\u00e1 atualmente em andamento na mesma regi\u00e3o. A invas\u00e3o se espalhou ainda mais para a Pen\u00ednsula Ar\u00e1bica e o Sudoeste da \u00c1sia, com o risco de se espalhar para a regi\u00e3o do Sahel se n\u00e3o for contida at\u00e9 julho.<\/p>\n

H\u00e1 relatos que indicam que os gafanhotos causaram perdas de at\u00e9 100% nas colheitas Som\u00e1lia<\/a> afetando as principais culturas de milho e sorgo. No Qu\u00eania, at\u00e9 30% de pastagens foram perdidas, afetando os meios de subsist\u00eancia das comunidades pastoris. Para imaginar a extens\u00e3o dos danos, acredita-se que os gafanhotos podem viajar at\u00e9 150 km por dia com um enxame cobrindo 1 quil\u00f4metro quadrado contendo 40 a 80 milh\u00f5es de insetos, e como o gafanhoto do deserto consome seu pr\u00f3prio peso em vegeta\u00e7\u00e3o todos os dias, um enxame pode comer a mesma quantidade de comida em um dia que aproximadamente 35.000 pessoas, representando uma s\u00e9ria amea\u00e7a \u00e0s culturas, \u00e0s pastagens e \u00e0 fome.<\/p>\n

As opera\u00e7\u00f5es de controle e vigil\u00e2ncia est\u00e3o sendo lideradas pelos governos nacionais dos pa\u00edses afetados e pela Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o de Controle de Gafanhotos do Deserto para a \u00c1frica Oriental (DLCO-EA), com a FAO fornecendo suporte na forma de pesticidas, biopesticidas, equipamentos, aeronaves e treinamento. Este suporte permitir\u00e1 o controle de 1 milh\u00e3o de hectares de terras agr\u00edcolas e pastagens infestadas, proteger\u00e1 os meios de subsist\u00eancia de 110.000 fam\u00edlias e auxiliar\u00e1 no fornecimento de informa\u00e7\u00f5es e coordena\u00e7\u00e3o para as partes interessadas em toda a regi\u00e3o, de acordo com a FAO.<\/p>\n

Mais de 365.000 ha foram controlados at\u00e9 o momento, dos quais estima-se que 20% foram infestados por bandos de gafanhotos e 80% por enxames. O controle dos gafanhotos se tornou cr\u00edtico em janeiro devido \u00e0s condi\u00e7\u00f5es clim\u00e1ticas que eram excepcionalmente prop\u00edcias \u00e0 dissemina\u00e7\u00e3o da praga. O ciclone Pawan atingiu a costa no in\u00edcio de dezembro de 2019, inundando o Chifre da \u00c1frica, criando condi\u00e7\u00f5es favor\u00e1veis de reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o para o gafanhoto do deserto. De acordo com especialistas, o clima prolongado e excepcionalmente \u00famido foi o principal culpado, fazendo com que centenas de bilh\u00f5es de gafanhotos prosperassem.<\/p>\n

O gafanhoto do deserto \u00e9 um evento raro, e o estoque global de equipamentos e produtos de controle \u00e9 limitado. O uso de biopesticidas e pesticidas convencionais foi e continua sendo o principal m\u00e9todo de controle dos gafanhotos, particularmente os enxames.<\/p>\n

Aquisi\u00e7\u00e3o, entrega, transporte interno, armazenamento e descarte de pesticidas n\u00e3o utilizados \u00e9 a parte mais dif\u00edcil do gerenciamento de uma campanha de controle de gafanhotos. De acordo com a FAO, isso representa metade do custo total da interven\u00e7\u00e3o de controle de gafanhotos. A escolha do pesticida depende muito do contexto e das condi\u00e7\u00f5es da \u00e1rea a ser tratada. Historicamente, essa tem sido a prerrogativa da FAO.<\/p>\n

No entanto, a ind\u00fastria de pesticidas alega que h\u00e1 relatos de pouco envolvimento e um processo n\u00e3o transparente nas aquisi\u00e7\u00f5es, e que \u00e9 preciso haver di\u00e1logo para que a FAO se abra para novas inova\u00e7\u00f5es e formula\u00e7\u00f5es no futuro.<\/p>\n

Pesticidas formulados de volume ultrabaixo (ULV) s\u00e3o usados principalmente no controle de gafanhotos. Esses pesticidas ULV reduzem a quantidade de pesticida usada e n\u00e3o requerem mistura com \u00e1gua como ve\u00edculo. Biopesticidas s\u00e3o usados nas campanhas de controle na Som\u00e1lia, e no Qu\u00eania e na Eti\u00f3pia, eles agora est\u00e3o sendo usados para controlar os funis devido ao modo de a\u00e7\u00e3o. Eles s\u00e3o baseados em um fungo chamado Metarhizium spp<\/em>: quando os esporos entram em contato com o gafanhoto, eles penetram e se multiplicam dentro do inseto.<\/p>\n

Os biopesticidas s\u00e3o nativos e t\u00eam como alvo espec\u00edfico apenas a infec\u00e7\u00e3o de gafanhotos do deserto, tornando-os seguros para humanos, animais, outros insetos como abelhas e vegeta\u00e7\u00e3o, protegendo assim o ecossistema local. Os desafios associados aos biopesticidas s\u00e3o a escassez de produtos no mercado, longas linhas de produ\u00e7\u00e3o e, acima de tudo, impacto mais lento na praga do que os pesticidas convencionais.<\/p>\n

Segundo a FAO, a situa\u00e7\u00e3o continua extremamente alarmante<\/a> na \u00c1frica Oriental, onde \u00e9 uma amea\u00e7a sem precedentes \u00e0 seguran\u00e7a alimentar e aos meios de subsist\u00eancia, j\u00e1 que o momento coincide com a atual esta\u00e7\u00e3o de crescimento. A FAO prev\u00ea a possibilidade de novos enxames a partir dos atuais locais de reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o que se formar\u00e3o a partir de meados de junho, coincidindo com o in\u00edcio do per\u00edodo de colheita.<\/p>\n

No entanto, relat\u00f3rios do National Locust Control Center apontam que as chuvas atuais e a mudan\u00e7a na dire\u00e7\u00e3o do vento que atualmente flui do sul para o norte empurraram os gafanhotos em dire\u00e7\u00e3o a Turkana, Qu\u00eania. Atualmente, h\u00e1 um risco de que os enxames migrem para as \u00e1reas de reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o de ver\u00e3o ao longo de ambos os lados da fronteira Indo-Paquist\u00e3o, bem como para o Sud\u00e3o e talvez para a \u00c1frica Ocidental.<\/p>\n

As equipes de controle agora est\u00e3o se concentrando na vigil\u00e2ncia para a identifica\u00e7\u00e3o, monitoramento e mapeamento de \u00e1reas de reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o para permitir o controle oportuno da segunda gera\u00e7\u00e3o. Para permitir isso, cinco centros de controle foram estabelecidos. As opera\u00e7\u00f5es de controle exigem coordena\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e1gil, pois os gafanhotos adultos devem ser controlados cedo para evitar a mudan\u00e7a para um ciclo vicioso. De acordo com o chefe de opera\u00e7\u00f5es de controle da FAO, 300 jovens foram treinados para rastrear e fornecer coordenadas por meio do eLocust3m<\/a> programa, um aplicativo Android que ajuda a rastrear a localiza\u00e7\u00e3o de gafanhotos.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Relatos de pouco envolvimento e um processo n\u00e3o transparente nas aquisi\u00e7\u00f5es, e que deve haver di\u00e1logo para que a FAO se abra para novas inova\u00e7\u00f5es e formula\u00e7\u00f5es no futuro.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":72,"featured_media":41358,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[25,5],"tags":[1698,1808,554,1801],"class_list":["post-65909","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-africa-middle-east","category-markets","tag-africa","tag-croplife-africa","tag-featured","tag-locusts"],"yoast_head":"\nDesert 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