{"id":67456,"date":"2021-06-28T16:13:23","date_gmt":"2021-06-28T20:13:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/?p=67456"},"modified":"2021-06-22T15:47:49","modified_gmt":"2021-06-22T19:47:49","slug":"invasive-species-in-africa-offer-opportunities-for-pesticide-manufacturers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/markets\/africa-middle-east\/invasive-species-in-africa-offer-opportunities-for-pesticide-manufacturers\/","title":{"rendered":"Esp\u00e9cies invasoras na \u00c1frica oferecem oportunidades para fabricantes de pesticidas"},"content":{"rendered":"

A \u00c1frica Subsaariana est\u00e1 emergindo rapidamente como um mercado importante para empresas de prote\u00e7\u00e3o de cultivos, \u00e0 medida que o crescente problema de esp\u00e9cies ex\u00f3ticas invasoras se torna a mais recente amea\u00e7a \u00e0 seguran\u00e7a alimentar e \u00e0 agricultura sustent\u00e1vel.<\/p>\n

Nos \u00faltimos anos, a regi\u00e3o testemunhou um aumento significativo de esp\u00e9cies invasoras, incluindo pragas, plantas, fungos e micr\u00f3bios que migram de outros ecossistemas e que estabeleceram novos criadouros no continente e est\u00e3o se espalhando rapidamente.<\/p>\n

Pesquisadores estimam que 480.000 esp\u00e9cies invasoras foram introduzidas em diferentes ecossistemas globalmente, com sua distribui\u00e7\u00e3o geogr\u00e1fica e impacto crescendo devido \u00e0s mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas, com\u00e9rcio e turismo. Em todo o mundo, cerca de 40% de perdas de produtividade de safras s\u00e3o devido a ataques de pragas e doen\u00e7as.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Na \u00c1frica Subsaariana, onde um ter\u00e7o da popula\u00e7\u00e3o ainda enfrenta amea\u00e7as de inseguran\u00e7a alimentar, esp\u00e9cies invasoras est\u00e3o aumentando e custando bilh\u00f5es a governos e agricultores todos os anos em termos de impacto e custos de controle devido \u00e0 queda na produtividade das colheitas, em alguns casos em mais de 85%, impacto nas pastagens naturais que sustentam o gado e tamb\u00e9m nos recursos h\u00eddricos.<\/p>\n

\u201cA \u00c1frica est\u00e1 atualmente muito vulner\u00e1vel a invas\u00f5es de plantas e animais devido ao aumento de viagens e com\u00e9rcio transfronteiri\u00e7os. A situa\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 agravada pelos fracos sistemas fitossanit\u00e1rios na maioria dos pa\u00edses do continente\u201d, diz o Dr. Harun Muthuri, pesquisador da Instituto Internacional de Agricultura Tropical<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Invas\u00f5es recentes como a lagarta-do-cartucho<\/a>, gafanhotos do deserto<\/a>, minador do tomateiro, mosca-das-frutas asi\u00e1tica, cochonilha-da-mandioca, murcha de Fusarium ou doen\u00e7a do Panam\u00e1 das bananas, necrose letal do milho, brocas grandes dos gr\u00e3os, nemat\u00f3ides do cisto da batata, ferrugem da soja e pros\u00f3pis<\/em> juliflora<\/em> entre outros est\u00e3o causando impactos adversos e perdas massivas, especialmente para pequenos agricultores.<\/p>\n

Estima-se, por exemplo, que a invas\u00e3o da lagarta-do-cartucho, cuja origem vai das Am\u00e9ricas \u00e0 \u00c1frica, cause perdas anuais de produ\u00e7\u00e3o de 4 a 17,7 milh\u00f5es de toneladas somente na cultura do milho, com perdas cumulativas estimadas em 1 a 4 bilh\u00f5es de toneladas anuais, mesmo em outras culturas.<\/p>\n

No caso dos gafanhotos do deserto que t\u00eam devastado os pa\u00edses do leste da \u00c1frica, estimativas conservadoras mostram que as perdas relacionadas a pragas, incluindo culturas b\u00e1sicas, produ\u00e7\u00e3o pecu\u00e1ria e danos materiais, est\u00e3o na faixa de $8,5 bilh\u00f5es.<\/p>\n

Somente na \u00c1frica do Sul, as perdas econ\u00f4micas associadas a esp\u00e9cies invasoras s\u00e3o estimadas em $14 milh\u00f5es anualmente para recrea\u00e7\u00e3o e turismo, $1,4 milh\u00f5es em recursos h\u00eddricos e cerca de $52 por hectare em servi\u00e7os de poliniza\u00e7\u00e3o perdidos.<\/p>\n

Estimativas dos impactos econ\u00f4micos de cinco grandes esp\u00e9cies invasoras na produ\u00e7\u00e3o de sistemas mistos de cultivo de milho de pequenos agricultores em seis pa\u00edses da \u00c1frica Oriental, a saber, Eti\u00f3pia, Qu\u00eania, Malawi, Ruanda, Tanz\u00e2nia e Uganda, indicaram perdas anuais atuais combinadas de $900 a $1,1 bilh\u00e3o, com perdas anuais futuras projetadas em $1 bilh\u00e3o a $1,2 bilh\u00e3o nos pr\u00f3ximos cinco anos.<\/p>\n

O crescente problema das esp\u00e9cies invasoras tem for\u00e7ado os agricultores a buscar solu\u00e7\u00f5es r\u00e1pidas, principalmente o uso de produtos qu\u00edmicos sint\u00e9ticos, enquanto governos e especialistas agr\u00edcolas tentam desenvolver estrat\u00e9gias e planos de a\u00e7\u00e3o para solu\u00e7\u00f5es de longo prazo e buscam recursos para aumentar o investimento no combate \u00e0s esp\u00e9cies.<\/p>\n

\u201cO uso de pesticidas ainda \u00e9 relativamente baixo na \u00c1frica em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com o resto do mundo, mas espera-se que cres\u00e7a exponencialmente \u00e0 medida que mais pragas chegam ao continente. Os agricultores querem uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o de curto prazo para seus problemas de pragas \u2013 uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o r\u00e1pida, e \u00e9 por isso que eles tendem a usar produtos qu\u00edmicos\u201d, diz o Dr. Arne Witt, Coordenador Regional de Esp\u00e9cies Invasoras para o Centro de Agricultura e Bioci\u00eancias Internacional<\/a> (CABI).<\/p>\n

Atualmente, o uso de pesticidas na \u00c1frica representa apenas 4% do mercado global de pesticidas, com uma estimativa aproximada de 75.000 a 100.000 toneladas de ingrediente ativo de pesticidas usadas por ano no continente, em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com cerca de 350.000 toneladas na Europa.<\/p>\n

Na \u00c1frica, o uso m\u00e9dio de pesticidas por hectare de terra cultivada \u00e9 muito baixo, 1,23 quilo por hectare, em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com 7,17 por quilo e 3,12 por quilo na Am\u00e9rica Latina e na \u00c1sia, respectivamente.<\/p>\n

De acordo com o Dr. Muthuri, as empresas de prote\u00e7\u00e3o de cultivos devem estar na vanguarda do enfrentamento do problema das esp\u00e9cies invasoras, porque a maioria delas \u00e9 dif\u00edcil de controlar devido ao fato de que geralmente n\u00e3o h\u00e1 agentes biol\u00f3gicos ou produtos qu\u00edmicos dispon\u00edveis no momento da invas\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

\u201cOs pesquisadores t\u00eam a oportunidade de desenvolver medidas de controle, como controle biol\u00f3gico ou produtos qu\u00edmicos, que sejam eficazes contra essas esp\u00e9cies\u201d, afirma.<\/p>\n

Muthuri acrescenta que a \u00c1frica Subsaariana est\u00e1 registrando um aumento substancial no uso de pesticidas contra esp\u00e9cies invasoras, principalmente porque algumas das op\u00e7\u00f5es de controle biol\u00f3gico s\u00e3o mais lentas em causar mortalidade.<\/p>\n

\u201cEm muitos casos, os produtos qu\u00edmicos s\u00e3o a \u00fanica op\u00e7\u00e3o dispon\u00edvel para o manejo das esp\u00e9cies invasoras\u201d, diz ele.<\/p>\n

De acordo com uma pesquisa do CABI, para abordar efetivamente a amea\u00e7a de esp\u00e9cies invasoras na \u00c1frica Subsaariana, uma mudan\u00e7a na estrat\u00e9gia de uma interven\u00e7\u00e3o reativa para uma mais proativa deve ser adotada urgentemente com base na abordagem de tr\u00eas est\u00e1gios reconhecida internacionalmente: preven\u00e7\u00e3o, detec\u00e7\u00e3o precoce e controle.<\/p>\n

\u201cOs governos precisam melhorar seus sistemas de biosseguran\u00e7a para evitar a introdu\u00e7\u00e3o de pragas em primeiro lugar, considerando que muitas pragas est\u00e3o sendo introduzidas acidentalmente\u201d, observa o Dr. Witt.<\/p>\n

Embora esp\u00e9cies invasoras tenham desencadeado um aumento no uso de produtos qu\u00edmicos, que aumentou em at\u00e9 60% em alguns pa\u00edses, especialmente entre agricultores que lutam contra a lagarta-do-cartucho e em 80% nas comunidades que enfrentam gafanhotos, os fabricantes de produtos qu\u00edmicos enfrentam o desafio de acompanhar as pragas e ervas daninhas que desenvolvem resist\u00eancia.<\/p>\n

\u201cO uso excessivo de produtos qu\u00edmicos geralmente leva \u00e0 resist\u00eancia, algo que for\u00e7ou os agroqu\u00edmicos a serem proativos na educa\u00e7\u00e3o dos agricultores sobre o uso adequado e a investir em pesquisa e desenvolvimento para estar \u00e0 frente das pragas\u201d, explica Andrew Nguyo, agr\u00f4nomo s\u00eanior da Amiran Kenya.<\/p>\n

Na \u00c1frica Subsaariana, especialistas acreditam que o problema das esp\u00e9cies invasoras tende a piorar \u00e0 medida que os impactos das mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas se tornam mais severos, um acontecimento que coloca em risco os meios de subsist\u00eancia de milh\u00f5es de pessoas, especialmente popula\u00e7\u00f5es rurais que dependem da agricultura, pecu\u00e1ria e pesca para sobreviver.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Na \u00c1frica Subsaariana, especialistas acreditam que o problema das esp\u00e9cies invasoras tende a piorar.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":112,"featured_media":65561,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[25,5],"tags":[54],"class_list":["post-67456","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-africa-middle-east","category-markets","tag-featured-home"],"yoast_head":"\nInvasive Species in Africa Offer Opportunities for Pesticide Manufacturers - AgriBusiness Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"For sub-Saharan Africa, experts believe the problem of invasive species is bound to get worse.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/markets\/africa-middle-east\/invasive-species-in-africa-offer-opportunities-for-pesticide-manufacturers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Invasive Species in Africa Offer Opportunities for Pesticide Manufacturers - 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