{"id":67608,"date":"2021-09-27T16:09:44","date_gmt":"2021-09-27T20:09:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/?p=67608"},"modified":"2021-10-01T16:12:19","modified_gmt":"2021-10-01T20:12:19","slug":"22-active-ingredient-patents-to-expire-by-2030-what-it-means-for-indian-agrochemical-companies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/markets\/22-active-ingredient-patents-to-expire-by-2030-what-it-means-for-indian-agrochemical-companies\/","title":{"rendered":"22 patentes de ingredientes ativos que expirar\u00e3o at\u00e9 2030: o que isso significa para as empresas agroqu\u00edmicas indianas"},"content":{"rendered":"

Globalmente, a \u00cdndia \u00e9 o quarto maior produtor de agroqu\u00edmicos depois dos EUA, Jap\u00e3o e China e surgiu como o 13\u00ba maior exportador de pesticidas. \u00c9 um grande centro de produ\u00e7\u00e3o de pesticidas gen\u00e9ricos, que alavanca, entre outras coisas, o fato de que mol\u00e9culas de marca, exclusivas das empresas produtoras, est\u00e3o abertas para uso maior ap\u00f3s o per\u00edodo de patente de 20 anos. O fato de que 22 dessas mol\u00e9culas sair\u00e3o de seu per\u00edodo de patente expandir\u00e1 substancialmente as ofertas das empresas indianas para pessoas em casa e no exterior e pode ajudar a obter receita extra.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

O que \u00e9 uma patente e por que ela \u00e9 concedida?<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

Qualquer inovador tem seu direito exclusivo sobre a pesquisa e tecnologia desenvolvida e, quando aberta para uso, \u00e9 recompensada pela forma de dar o direito de patente. Uma patente \u00e9 uma forma de propriedade intelectual (PI) que d\u00e1 ao inovador\/inventor um direito legal sobre sua inven\u00e7\u00e3o\/inova\u00e7\u00e3o por um per\u00edodo limitado e pro\u00edbe outros de us\u00e1-la. \u00c9 para honrar a tecnologia inovadora; para recuperar o custo da inova\u00e7\u00e3o; e para obter um retorno sobre o investimento no desenvolvimento da tecnologia. <\/span><\/p>\n

Como benef\u00edcio da inova\u00e7\u00e3o, o per\u00edodo de patente \u00e9 aproveitado por todo o mundo, n\u00e3o como uma caridade, mas como uma prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra outros que copiam a inova\u00e7\u00e3o durante esse per\u00edodo. Acordo sobre Aspectos dos Direitos de Propriedade Intelectual Relacionados ao Com\u00e9rcio (TRIPS)<\/a> exige que os pa\u00edses-membros disponibilizem patentes para quaisquer inven\u00e7\u00f5es, sejam produtos ou processos, em todos os campos da tecnologia sem discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o, sujeitas aos testes normais de novidade, inventividade e aplicabilidade industrial. O Artigo 27.1 do acordo tamb\u00e9m exige que as patentes estejam dispon\u00edveis e os direitos de patente sejam desfrutados sem discrimina\u00e7\u00e3o quanto ao local da inven\u00e7\u00e3o e se os produtos s\u00e3o importados ou produzidos localmente.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Benef\u00edcios das mol\u00e9culas fora de patente<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

O setor agroqu\u00edmico est\u00e1 profundamente interessado nas mol\u00e9culas que v\u00e3o perder a patente, pois isso cria uma oportunidade para seu pr\u00f3prio desenvolvimento comercial. As empresas de pesticidas, especialmente em pa\u00edses em desenvolvimento, esperam por mol\u00e9culas de ingredientes ativos gen\u00e9ricos, pois isso fornece grandes oportunidades para fabricantes gen\u00e9ricos fornecerem agroqu\u00edmicos a um pre\u00e7o acess\u00edvel e razo\u00e1vel para os agricultores protegerem sua produ\u00e7\u00e3o de pragas e doen\u00e7as. <\/span><\/p>\n

Al\u00e9m disso, os pesticidas gen\u00e9ricos t\u00eam a mesma qualidade dos pesticidas patenteados, s\u00e3o efetivamente acess\u00edveis em pre\u00e7o para fazendeiros indianos e globais, s\u00e3o baseados nas mesmas subst\u00e2ncias ativas e funcionam da mesma forma na colheita que o pesticida patenteado, mas custam muito menos. Tanto os pesticidas patenteados quanto os gen\u00e9ricos est\u00e3o sujeitos ao mesmo processo de aprova\u00e7\u00e3o da autoridade competente para registro, um pesticida gen\u00e9rico \u00e9 t\u00e3o seguro e eficaz quanto o pesticida patenteado original e, portanto, popular na comunidade agr\u00edcola.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Mol\u00e9culas gen\u00e9ricas quebram a exclusividade de uma empresa que teve seus direitos de patente por cerca de 20 anos sem nenhum concorrente. A exclusividade por um per\u00edodo t\u00e3o longo pode ser restritiva para mercados livres, pois n\u00e3o h\u00e1 controle sobre o pre\u00e7o do produto, e ele pode subir tanto quanto o fabricante desejar. Nos \u00faltimos anos, observou-se que os inovadores est\u00e3o se tornando mais agressivos na prote\u00e7\u00e3o ou extens\u00e3o de suas patentes. Os produtores gen\u00e9ricos constituem cerca de 30% da ind\u00fastria global de pesticidas, principalmente devido ao aumento no n\u00famero de mol\u00e9culas n\u00e3o patenteadas e ao decl\u00ednio de novos ingredientes ativos, ambos os quais favorecem a ind\u00fastria de pesticidas gen\u00e9ricos, que viu um crescimento mais r\u00e1pido em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com o inventor ou empresas baseadas em P&D recentemente.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Tamanho e tend\u00eancia atuais do mercado<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

Foi observado que 30%-40% dos ingredientes ativos fora de patente s\u00e3o absorvidos pelos fabricantes gen\u00e9ricos. Destes, aqueles para fungicidas e inseticidas s\u00e3o mais preferidos aos herbicidas. Cerca de 60%-70% de mol\u00e9culas fora de patente n\u00e3o s\u00e3o adotadas devido ao seu mercado limitado, dificuldade de fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o e indisponibilidade de intermedi\u00e1rios-chave. O inventor\/desenvolvedor original trabalha contra os concorrentes gen\u00e9ricos controlando o fornecimento de intermedi\u00e1rios e mat\u00e9ria-prima, e \u00e9 mais f\u00e1cil para eles se os intermedi\u00e1rios e a mat\u00e9ria-prima forem raros. <\/span><\/p>\n

Foi observado que a entrada de concorrentes gen\u00e9ricos resulta na queda do pre\u00e7o. Para superar isso, as empresas inventoras desenvolvem processos de fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o mais baratos e eficientes para as mol\u00e9culas que v\u00e3o ficar sem patente. Como o processo de fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o tamb\u00e9m pode ser patenteado, a estrat\u00e9gia das empresas baseadas em P&D as ajuda a proteger seus ingredientes ativos. Nessa situa\u00e7\u00e3o, apesar do ingrediente ativo estar sem patente, as empresas gen\u00e9ricas podem ser impedidas de produzi-lo pelo processo alternativo se o novo processo de fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o alternativo para ele ainda estiver protegido. Muitas empresas gen\u00e9ricas est\u00e3o agora se movendo em dire\u00e7\u00e3o ao desenvolvimento de processos de fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o alternativos para ingredientes ativos gen\u00e9ricos. Desenvolver um processo alternativo para a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de isoproturon sem usar intermedi\u00e1rios de isocianato \u00e9 um exemplo.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Desafios para os Gen\u00e9ricos<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

Os gen\u00e9ricos oferecem grandes oportunidades, mas tamb\u00e9m representam desafios para os fabricantes em termos de qu\u00e3o r\u00e1pido eles trazem os produtos para o mercado; como oferecer seus produtos em um mercado lotado e barulhento onde isso j\u00e1 est\u00e1 dispon\u00edvel sob uma grande marca; como fornecer gen\u00e9ricos econ\u00f4micos e eficazes que tamb\u00e9m sejam lucrativos, e tal. Um fabricante de gen\u00e9ricos sempre enfrenta esses desafios no momento em que espera entusiasticamente por mol\u00e9culas fora de patente. Os inventores, para continuar sua exclusividade, normalmente tentam atrasar a competi\u00e7\u00e3o dos fabricantes de gen\u00e9ricos adotando as seguintes estrat\u00e9gias:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Segmenta\u00e7\u00e3o de Mercado<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. S\u00edntese\/tecnologia\/know-how de fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Prote\u00e7\u00e3o de Dados de Registro (RDP)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Direitos de Propriedade Intelectual (DPI)<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    O que deixar\u00e1 de ter patente at\u00e9 2030?<\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n

    Existem cerca de 22 ingredientes ativos de pesticidas que est\u00e3o prestes a sair do seu per\u00edodo de DPI nos pr\u00f3ximos 10 anos, ou seja, entre 2021 e 2030. S\u00e3o eles:<\/span> bixafen, clorantraniliprole, ciantraniliprole, fenpirazamina, flubendiamida, fluopicolida, fluopiram, fluxapiroxade, isopirazame, mandipropamida, penflufen, pentiopirade, pinoxadeno, piriofenona, piroxsulam, sedaxano, tiencarbazona-metil, valifenalato, benzovindiflupir, sulfoxaflor, saflufenacil e aminopiralide (ver tabela abaixo). <\/span><\/p>\n

    Espera-se que a demanda por algumas dessas mol\u00e9culas de grau t\u00e9cnico fora de patente no mercado global aumente drasticamente. Espera-se que o tamanho do mercado desses produtos ultrapasse $ 4,1 bilh\u00f5es at\u00e9 2026. O motivo \u00e9 que produtos como clorantraniliprole, fluropyram, fluxapiroxade, ciantranilipore, bixafen, sedaxane, fenpirazamina e flupicolida t\u00eam um mercado enorme. Os participantes da ind\u00fastria ter\u00e3o uma oportunidade, especificamente em mercados regulamentados, de escolher o gen\u00e9rico de acordo com a demanda do mercado, onde tantos produtos est\u00e3o se tornando fora de patente. Na \u00cdndia, esses produtos gen\u00e9ricos proporcionar\u00e3o um enorme crescimento para fabricantes de gen\u00e9ricos e tamb\u00e9m para formuladores que s\u00e3o direta ou indiretamente afetados enquanto os produtos est\u00e3o sob DPI. <\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Uma palavra de cautela<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\n

    A press\u00e3o regulat\u00f3ria crescente na UE e agora cada vez mais em outros lugares est\u00e1 (em geral) colocando press\u00e3o adicional sobre a qu\u00edmica n\u00e3o patenteada em uma extens\u00e3o maior do que a qu\u00edmica patenteada. As empresas precisam levar em conta mais do que apenas vendas. Al\u00e9m de fatores como qu\u00edmica e regulamenta\u00e7\u00e3o, um elemento-chave para qualquer empresa n\u00e3o patenteada p\u00f3s-2020 \u00e9 um portf\u00f3lio abrangente de qu\u00edmica avan\u00e7ada para competir com as multinacionais \u201cfocadas em solu\u00e7\u00f5es\u201d que podem oferecer um pacote de sementes, caracter\u00edsticas e prote\u00e7\u00e3o de cultivos.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Mol\u00e9culas perder\u00e3o patente at\u00e9 2030<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Sl.No.<\/strong><\/td>\nNome da Mol\u00e9cula<\/strong><\/td>\nNome do Inventor<\/strong><\/td>\nTamanho do mercado US$ Ml, 2019<\/strong><\/td>\nExpira\u00e7\u00e3o de patente<\/strong><\/td>\nUso<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    1.<\/td>\nBixafen<\/td>\nCi\u00eancia de culturas da Bayer<\/td>\n276<\/td>\n2023<\/td>\nFungicida de amplo espectro para cereais.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    2.<\/td>\nClorantraniliprole<\/td>\nCorteva\/FMC<\/td>\n1750<\/td>\n2024<\/td>\nInsetos mastigadores de soja, F&H, arroz, algod\u00e3o, milho, pom\u00f3ideas, cana-de-a\u00e7\u00facar, batata e cereais.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    3.<\/td>\nCiantraniliprol<\/td>\nCorteva\/FMC\/Syngenta<\/td>\n120<\/td>\n2026<\/td>\nEficaz contra os est\u00e1gios larvais de insetos lepid\u00f3pteros; e tamb\u00e9m contra tripes, pulg\u00f5es e alguns outros insetos mastigadores e sugadores em diversas culturas.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    4.<\/td>\nFenpirazamina<\/td>\nSumitomo Qu\u00edmica<\/td>\n11<\/td>\n2022<\/td>\nAltamente eficaz contra mofo cinzento, podrid\u00e3o do caule e podrid\u00e3o parda em frutas e vegetais.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    5.<\/td>\nFlubendiamida<\/td>\nCi\u00eancia de culturas da Bayer<\/td>\n507<\/td>\n2024<\/td>\nPrincipalmente eficaz no controle de pragas de lepid\u00f3pteros, incluindo cepas resistentes em arroz, algod\u00e3o, milho, uvas, outras frutas e vegetais.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    6.<\/td>\nFluopicolida<\/td>\nCi\u00eancia de culturas da Bayer<\/td>\n45<\/td>\n2024<\/td>\nFungicida para uvas, batatas, frutas e vegetais.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    7.<\/td>\nFluopiram<\/td>\nCi\u00eancia de culturas da Bayer<\/td>\n87<\/td>\n2024<\/td>\nUsado contra doen\u00e7as f\u00fangicas como mofo cinzento (Botrytis), o\u00eddio, sarna da macieira,\u00a0Alternaria<\/em>,\u00a0Esclerotinia<\/em>, e\u00a0Monil\u00ednia<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    8.<\/td>\nFluxapiroxade<\/td>\nBASF SE<\/td>\n491<\/td>\n2022<\/td>\nFungicida de amplo espectro para cereais, soja, culturas especiais e grama.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    9.<\/td>\nIsopirazame<\/td>\nSyngenta AG<\/td>\n129<\/td>\n2023<\/td>\nFungicida de amplo espectro. Controla uma ampla gama de pat\u00f3genos f\u00fangicos, incluindo Septoria<\/em> tritici, Puccinia recondita e Puccinia striformis<\/em> no trigo, Pyrenophora teres, Rhynchosporium secalis,<\/em> e Ramularia collocygni<\/em> na cevada, Puccinia rec\u00f4ndita<\/em> em centeio e triticale e Pyrenophora avenae<\/em> na aveia. Tamb\u00e9m controla Mycospaerella<\/em> fijiense<\/em> na banana.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    10.<\/td>\nmandipropamida<\/td>\nSyngenta AG<\/td>\n179<\/td>\n2023<\/td>\nRequeima tardia da batata e do tomate. Tamb\u00e9m usada em tabaco, F&V e videira.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    11.<\/td>\nPenflufen<\/td>\nCi\u00eancia de culturas da Bayer<\/td>\n170<\/td>\n2024<\/td>\nBatata: Sarna preta (Rhizoctonia solani<\/em>), Sarna prateada (Helminthosporium solani<\/em>), Podrid\u00e3o seca (Fusarium spp.<\/em>).
    \nCereais: Podrid\u00e3o da raiz (Rhizoctonia spp.<\/em>), carv\u00e3o (colza, soja, algod\u00e3o) e v\u00e1rios pat\u00f3genos transmitidos por sementes.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    12.<\/td>\nPentiopirad<\/td>\nCorteva Agriscience<\/td>\n85<\/td>\n2024<\/td>\nEle oferece o exclusivo RootingPower\u2122 que resulta em ra\u00edzes mais fortes e saud\u00e1veis para maior produtividade das culturas.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    13.<\/td>\nPinoxadeno<\/td>\nSyngenta AG<\/td>\n421<\/td>\n2026<\/td>\nHerbicida sist\u00eamico altamente seletivo usado para controlar ervas daninhas de gram\u00edneas monocotiled\u00f4neas em culturas como aveia selvagem, azev\u00e9m e capim preto em trigo de inverno e primavera e cevada de inverno e primavera. Controla um amplo espectro de ervas daninhas de gram\u00edneas em trigo.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    14.<\/td>\nPiriofenona<\/td>\nIshihara<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n2024<\/td>\nFungicida desenvolvido para o controle do o\u00eddio em cereais e videiras.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    15.<\/td>\nPiroxsulame<\/td>\nCorteva Agriscience<\/td>\n215<\/td>\n2024<\/td>\nGram\u00edneas de amplo espectro e ervas daninhas de folhas largas de cereais.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    16.<\/td>\nSedaxano<\/td>\nSyngenta AG<\/td>\n108<\/td>\n2024<\/td>\nProte\u00e7\u00e3o duradoura contra pat\u00f3genos dif\u00edceis de controlar, transmitidos por sementes, solo e ar, como:\u00a0Rhizoctonia spp.<\/em>,\u00a0Ustilago spp.<\/em>\u00a0(sobre cereais),\u00a0C\u00e1rie de Tilletia<\/em>,\u00a0Urocystis oculta<\/em>,\u00a0Pyrenophora graminea<\/em>,\u00a0Microdochium nivale<\/em>,\u00a0Typhula spp.<\/em>,\u00a0Sphacelotheca reiliana<\/em>,\u00a0Macrophomina<\/em>,\u00a0Esp\u00e9cies de Sclerotium<\/em>\u00a0e tamb\u00e9m alguma atividade em\u00a0Verticillium<\/em>,\u00a0Phoma<\/em>,\u00a0Helminthosporium solani<\/em>,\u00a0Phakopsora<\/em>,\u00a0Cochliobolus sativus <\/em>de cereais, soja, canola\/colza, milho, batata, arroz, beterraba, algod\u00e3o e leguminosas. Oferece o exclusivo RootingPower\u2122 que resulta em ra\u00edzes mais fortes e saud\u00e1veis para maior produtividade da cultura.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    17.<\/td>\nTiencarbazona-metil<\/td>\nCi\u00eancia de culturas da Bayer<\/td>\n155<\/td>\n2024<\/td>\nHerbicida usado para o controle seletivo de gram\u00edneas e ervas daninhas de folhas largas, principalmente no milho.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    18.<\/td>\nValifenalato<\/td>\nIshihara<\/td>\n25<\/td>\n2024<\/td>\nUsado para controlar o mofo em muitas culturas, incluindo uvas, batatas e tomates.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    19.<\/td>\nBenzovindiflupir<\/td>\nSyngenta AG<\/td>\n419<\/td>\n2028<\/td>\nControle uma ampla gama de doen\u00e7as f\u00fangicas \u2014 requeima, m\u00edldio, ferrugem, sarna, manchas foliares em milho, soja, plantas ornamentais, grama, etc.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    20.<\/td>\nSulfoxaflor<\/td>\nCorteva Agriscience<\/td>\n190<\/td>\n2027<\/td>\nPragas sugadoras de grama, soja, algod\u00e3o, cereais e F&H.<\/p>\n

     <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    21.<\/td>\nSaflufenacil<\/td>\nBASF<\/td>\n225<\/td>\n2024<\/td>\nErvas daninhas de folhas largas de soja, milho, cana-de-a\u00e7\u00facar, cereais, culturas n\u00e3o agr\u00edcolas e pomares.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    22.<\/td>\nAminopiralide<\/td>\nCorteva Agriscience<\/td>\n160<\/td>\n2021<\/td>\nHerbicida de amplo espectro para\u00a0<\/strong>pastagens, pastagens, dendezeiros, borracha, F&H e cereais.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Detalhes do tamanho do mercado do banco de dados IHS Markit, 2019 (Philips McDougall). Dados acessados em 26 de mar\u00e7o de 2021<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Os fabricantes de gen\u00e9ricos enfrentam uma grande oportunidade de mercado e a capacidade de atualizar seus portf\u00f3lios com novas tecnologias qu\u00edmicas.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"author":110,"featured_media":59849,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[28,5],"tags":[554,1236],"class_list":["post-67608","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asia","category-markets","tag-featured","tag-india"],"yoast_head":"\n22 Active Ingredient Patents to Expire by 2030: What It Means for Indian Agrochemical Companies - AgriBusiness Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Generic manufacturers face a bonanza of market opportunity and the ability to update their portfolios with new\u00a0chemical technology.\u00a0\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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