{"id":68029,"date":"2021-10-04T12:57:09","date_gmt":"2021-10-04T16:57:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/?p=68029"},"modified":"2021-10-04T12:58:03","modified_gmt":"2021-10-04T16:58:03","slug":"the-andean-region-a-developing-pantry-for-global-agribusiness","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/markets\/americas\/the-andean-region-a-developing-pantry-for-global-agribusiness\/","title":{"rendered":"A regi\u00e3o andina: uma \u201cdespensa em desenvolvimento\u201d para o agroneg\u00f3cio global"},"content":{"rendered":"

Am\u00e9rica latina<\/a> compreende tr\u00eas regi\u00f5es dedicadas \u00e0 produ\u00e7\u00e3o agr\u00edcola com um foco muito especial em cada uma delas. O primeiro grupo s\u00e3o produtores e exportadores profissionais de gr\u00e3os onde Brasil<\/a>, Argentina<\/a>, Bol\u00edvia<\/a>, e Paraguai<\/a> est\u00e3o localizadas principalmente, focadas na produ\u00e7\u00e3o e exporta\u00e7\u00e3o de soja, milho e trigo.<\/p>\n

O segundo grupo \u00e9 formado por exportadores profissionais de frutas e vegetais, com agricultura muito intensiva com altos padr\u00f5es de qualidade focados em quest\u00f5es da cadeia alimentar em pequenas \u00e1reas e organizados para entregar produtos de alto valor. Exporta\u00e7\u00f5es especiais em Chile<\/a> s\u00e3o dedicados a frutas frescas; Peru<\/a> produz frutas e vegetais para exporta\u00e7\u00e3o. M\u00e9xico<\/a> \u00e9 focado em frutas e vegetais; Am\u00e9rica Central<\/a> e o Caribe<\/a> destacam-se na exporta\u00e7\u00e3o de outros tipos de produtos como vegetais, frutas como bananas; e caf\u00e9, a\u00e7\u00facar e amendoim v\u00eam de Nicar\u00e1gua<\/a>. De Col\u00f4mbia<\/a> caf\u00e9, flores de corte e frutas como banana, lim\u00e3o e abacate s\u00e3o cultivados para exporta\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

O terceiro grupo \u00e9 composto por pa\u00edses que tamb\u00e9m t\u00eam agricultura local altamente diversificada e de pequena escala, como M\u00e9xico, Am\u00e9rica Central e os pa\u00edses andinos. Produtos tradicionais para consumo local, por exemplo, batata, milho e arroz, s\u00e3o produzidos principalmente em pequenas \u00e1reas com baixos n\u00edveis de intensifica\u00e7\u00e3o e, em alguns casos, onde m\u00e1quinas n\u00e3o podem ser usadas.<\/p>\n

Este artigo se concentra principalmente na regi\u00e3o andina e nos pa\u00edses que a comp\u00f5em, falamos da Col\u00f4mbia, Equador, Peru e Venezuela<\/a>. A popula\u00e7\u00e3o da regi\u00e3o andina \u00e9 de cerca de 130 milh\u00f5es de habitantes, sendo a Col\u00f4mbia respons\u00e1vel por 40% do total, o Peru por 25%, a Venezuela por 22% e Equador<\/a> para 14%.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

*Estimativas de um painel de especialistas<\/p><\/div>\n

Nos \u00faltimos 20 anos, a regi\u00e3o andina tem se caracterizado por ter uma agricultura altamente diversificada, com uma grande variedade de cultivos, dos quais tr\u00eas grupos de cultivos est\u00e3o dispon\u00edveis tanto para abastecimento local quanto para exporta\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

No primeiro grupo temos as culturas agroexportadoras que s\u00e3o culturas intensivas que exigem m\u00e3o de obra qualificada e uma dire\u00e7\u00e3o t\u00e9cnica bem fundamentada. Essas culturas s\u00e3o bananas, limas, uvas, abacates, frutas c\u00edtricas, mirtilos, piment\u00f5es, aspargos, alcachofras, mangas e cebolas, al\u00e9m de outros tipos de frutas e vegetais.<\/p>\n

Depois temos aqueles que s\u00e3o org\u00e2nicos export\u00e1veis, onde encontramos no caso do Peru e Equador, caf\u00e9, cacau e quinoa, e outros cultivos que chamamos de tradicionais, como milho, arroz, batata, cana, feij\u00e3o, algod\u00e3o, etc.<\/p>\n

\u00c9 importante destacar que, apesar de esta regi\u00e3o ser caracterizada por ser uma \u00e1rea de agricultura local de pequena escala, com mecaniza\u00e7\u00e3o limitada, cultivando culturas tradicionais para consumo interno, como batata, milho e arroz, com base na agricultura tradicional, tamb\u00e9m temos uma agricultura altamente desenvolvida que produz tanto frutas e vegetais quanto caf\u00e9 e outros tipos de culturas de exporta\u00e7\u00e3o, como flores frescas cortadas da Col\u00f4mbia e do Equador.<\/p>\n

A agricultura na regi\u00e3o andina tem tr\u00eas componentes muito importantes, principalmente o que fazem as grandes empresas, que comp\u00f5em as agroind\u00fastrias que s\u00e3o cultivos intensivos de grande dedica\u00e7\u00e3o, que t\u00eam requisitos muito rigorosos para exporta\u00e7\u00e3o, por exemplo, abacate, uva, aspargos, mirtilos, pimentas tangerinas e flores de corte, entre outros.<\/p>\n

O segundo grupo s\u00e3o os agricultores de m\u00e9dio porte que possuem culturas extensivas como milho, arroz, cana, feij\u00e3o, palma, algod\u00e3o e cacau, nas quais o manejo da cultura \u00e9 intensamente direcionado pelos seus propriet\u00e1rios, que tomam decis\u00f5es t\u00e9cnicas e t\u00eam ado\u00e7\u00e3o de tecnologia por meio de influenciadores.<\/p>\n

O terceiro grupo \u00e9 o maior grupo da regi\u00e3o andina, s\u00e3o os pequenos agricultores. Eles s\u00e3o ativos no mercado de massa, e eles t\u00eam as culturas de batata, caf\u00e9, cenoura, feij\u00e3o, feij\u00e3o, ervilha, caf\u00e9, vegetais e frutas em geral. Esses agricultores t\u00eam agricultura familiar praticamente para seu pr\u00f3prio consumo e vendem seus excedentes. A ado\u00e7\u00e3o da tecnologia \u00e9 muito tradicional e sempre orientada \u00e0s indica\u00e7\u00f5es do movimento do mercado.<\/p>\n

A regi\u00e3o andina tem aproximadamente 8,3 milh\u00f5es de agricultores, enquanto Col\u00f4mbia e Peru t\u00eam um n\u00famero semelhante, com 2,7 milh\u00f5es cada, enquanto o Equador tem 2 milh\u00f5es e a Venezuela, 1 milh\u00e3o de agricultores.<\/p>\n

O mercado de produtos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o de cultivos \u00e9 de aproximadamente $1,3 bilh\u00f5es, dos quais a Col\u00f4mbia tem uma participa\u00e7\u00e3o de 50% com 630 milh\u00f5es, seguida pelo Peru com 24% do total e cerca de $307 milh\u00f5es. Em terceiro lugar, o Equador tem $250 milh\u00f5es e 20% de participa\u00e7\u00e3o em valor de prote\u00e7\u00e3o de cultivos, e finalmente a Venezuela com $100 milh\u00f5es e uma participa\u00e7\u00e3o de 7% do total.<\/p>\n

As classes de produtos qu\u00edmicos mais utilizadas na regi\u00e3o s\u00e3o fungicidas com 34% do total de vendas, herbicidas com 30%, inseticidas com 30% e outros produtos com 6%.<\/p>\n

A comercializa\u00e7\u00e3o de produtos agroqu\u00edmicos na regi\u00e3o \u00e9 baseada principalmente na estrat\u00e9gia de varejo, tamb\u00e9m conhecida como venda de bens ao p\u00fablico em quantidades relativamente pequenas para uso ou consumo, em vez de revenda, especialmente devido \u00e0 posse da terra, onde a grande maioria dos agricultores s\u00e3o pequenas fazendas. No caso da Col\u00f4mbia, a grande maioria dos agricultores tem menos de tr\u00eas hectares em m\u00e9dia, e no caso do Peru, 32% dos agricultores t\u00eam menos de meio hectare.<\/p>\n

Da mesma forma, existem cerca de 30.000 lojas registradas para a comercializa\u00e7\u00e3o dos produtos na regi\u00e3o. Col\u00f4mbia com mais de 12.000 lojas para atender 2,7 milh\u00f5es de agricultores, e no caso do Peru mais de 7.000 lojas para atender mais de 2,6 milh\u00f5es de agricultores, e Equador com mais de 5.000 lojas no pa\u00eds para 2,0 milh\u00f5es de agricultores.<\/p>\n

At\u00e9 2019, a regi\u00e3o andina tinha uma \u00e1rea plantada de 11,3 milh\u00f5es de hectares, na qual s\u00e3o plantadas mais de 100 culturas diferentes. A principal cultura que esta regi\u00e3o tem \u00e9 o milho com 1,6 milh\u00f5es de hectares, ou seja, 15% da \u00e1rea total plantada, depois o caf\u00e9 segue com 1,5 milh\u00f5es de tarefas, que \u00e9 12%; e em terceiro lugar est\u00e1 o arroz com 1,4 milh\u00f5es de hectares.<\/p>\n

Principais culturas por \u00e1rea plantada: culturas permanentes representam mais de 35%<\/h2>\n
\"\"<\/a>

*A Taxa de Crescimento Anual Composta (CAGR) \u00e9 o crescimento anual ao longo de um per\u00edodo de tempo espec\u00edfico. Fonte: FAOSTAT<\/p><\/div>\n

O cultivo de mirtilos teve um desenvolvimento muito interessante, especialmente nos \u00faltimos cinco anos, com um crescimento anual de 85,9% na \u00e1rea ano ap\u00f3s ano, o mesmo que o gengibre, especialmente no Peru, com um crescimento significativo de cerca de 31% por ano.<\/p>\n

O abacate tem uma das maiores taxas de crescimento na regi\u00e3o, de aproximadamente 10% por ano nos \u00faltimos 10 anos, atingindo 123.000 hectares com desenvolvimento especial na Col\u00f4mbia, com 63.000 hectares, e no Peru, com 43.000.<\/p>\n

O \u00f3leo de palma tamb\u00e9m teve um crescimento s\u00f3lido de 7% por ano, atingindo 820.000 hectares na regi\u00e3o, com grande parte do crescimento na Col\u00f4mbia e no Peru. Por outro lado, o Equador perdeu cerca de 200.000 hectares de \u00f3leo de palma.<\/p>\n

Culturas de crescimento mais r\u00e1pido por CAGR, 2010-2019<\/h2>\n
\"\"<\/a>

Fonte: FAOSTAT<\/p><\/div>\n

No caso da quinoa, o Peru teve um desenvolvimento muito importante em termos de \u00e1rea, chegando a 68.000 hectares com um crescimento anual de 7%. Outras \u00e1rvores frut\u00edferas, incluindo lim\u00f5es e limas, e uvas tamb\u00e9m tiveram um crescimento positivo de cerca de 8%. H\u00e1 um arbusto que vem se destacando especialmente nos \u00faltimos cinco anos, que \u00e9 o mirtilo, para o qual a \u00e1rea vem crescendo de forma positiva, especialmente na Col\u00f4mbia e no Peru, onde os desenvolvimentos est\u00e3o parecendo bastante satisfat\u00f3rios.<\/p>\n

A regi\u00e3o andina est\u00e1 se consolidando como uma importante fonte de diferentes produtos agr\u00edcolas, n\u00e3o apenas para consumo local, mas tamb\u00e9m para mercados de exporta\u00e7\u00e3o, oferecendo uma grande variedade e ampla quantidade de diferentes produtos para atender \u00e0 demanda de importantes pa\u00edses em todo o mundo. Por esta e outras raz\u00f5es, a regi\u00e3o andina se torna uma despensa em desenvolvimento para o agroneg\u00f3cio global.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Embora as culturas permanentes continuem sendo importantes para a regi\u00e3o, os empreendimentos de crescimento mais r\u00e1pido atendem a frutas e vegetais especiais. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":112,"featured_media":61570,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,26,5],"tags":[54],"class_list":["post-68029","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agrochemicals","category-americas","category-markets","tag-featured-home"],"yoast_head":"\nThe Andean Region: A 'Developing Pantry' for Global Agribusiness - AgriBusiness Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"While permanent crops continue to be important to the region, the fastest growing developments cater to specialty fruits and vegetables.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/markets\/americas\/the-andean-region-a-developing-pantry-for-global-agribusiness\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Andean Region: A 'Developing Pantry' for Global Agribusiness - 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