{"id":68103,"date":"2021-10-18T11:51:25","date_gmt":"2021-10-18T15:51:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/?p=68103"},"modified":"2021-11-01T13:26:53","modified_gmt":"2021-11-01T17:26:53","slug":"will-indoor-vertical-farming-address-food-insecurity-and-help-meet-future-food-demand","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/markets\/will-indoor-vertical-farming-address-food-insecurity-and-help-meet-future-food-demand\/","title":{"rendered":"A agricultura vertical interna resolver\u00e1 a inseguran\u00e7a alimentar e ajudar\u00e1 a atender \u00e0 demanda futura por alimentos?\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Bowery

A agricultura interna em larga escala atrai um alto investimento inicial, e \u00e9 por isso que as tr\u00eas principais opera\u00e7\u00f5es de agricultura interna, Bowery, Plenty e AeroFarms, levantaram mais de $500 milh\u00f5es em fundos de investimento cada.<\/p><\/div>\n

As opera\u00e7\u00f5es de cultivo vertical e indoor ganharam popularidade na \u00faltima d\u00e9cada, principalmente em ambientes urbanizados de pa\u00edses desenvolvidos. Essas opera\u00e7\u00f5es de cultivo dependem apenas de ilumina\u00e7\u00e3o artificial ou algumas ainda dependem de luz solar, como\u00a0C\u00e9u Verde<\/a>, uma fazenda de vegetais vertical e interna localizada em Cingapura.<\/p>\n

Fazendas verticais s\u00e3o parte dos avan\u00e7os recentes na produ\u00e7\u00e3o agr\u00edcola, comumente conhecidas como \u201cagtech\u201d na comunidade de investimentos. No final de agosto de 2021, $5,6 bilh\u00f5es de capital de risco foram investidos em 6.000 startups em agtech. Elas est\u00e3o envolvidas em biotecnologia agr\u00edcola, agricultura de precis\u00e3o, agricultura animal, finan\u00e7as agr\u00edcolas, com\u00e9rcio eletr\u00f4nico e, claro, agricultura interna. Em 2021, os neg\u00f3cios de agricultura interna aumentaram 15,5% ano a ano e o capital investido at\u00e9 o momento atingiu $2,7 bilh\u00f5es.<\/p>\n

Perspectiva da agricultura vertical e interna<\/h2>\n

Com a pandemia da COVID-19 inabal\u00e1vel neste momento, muitos pa\u00edses com defici\u00eancia alimentar ainda est\u00e3o procurando maneiras de abordar e garantir a seguran\u00e7a alimentar. Durante o bloqueio mundial de mar\u00e7o a junho de 2020, as prateleiras dos supermercados estavam meio vazias, e muitas pessoas entraram em p\u00e2nico. Interrup\u00e7\u00f5es na cadeia de abastecimento<\/a> devido \u00e0 pandemia colocaram ainda mais press\u00e3o sobre as futuras demandas por alimentos. Essa press\u00e3o est\u00e1 no topo das mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas em andamento, problemas de uso da terra concorrentes e fatores de aumento populacional. A agricultura vertical e interna s\u00e3o solu\u00e7\u00f5es amplamente divulgadas. Mas a agricultura vertical \u00e9 comercialmente vi\u00e1vel? Vamos examinar as vantagens, restri\u00e7\u00f5es e como os investimentos na agricultura vertical provavelmente se concretizar\u00e3o no futuro previs\u00edvel.<\/p>\n

Vantagens<\/h2>\n

A agricultura vertical resulta naturalmente em uma produ\u00e7\u00e3o muito alta por unidade de \u00e1rea, economizando significativamente recursos de terra e \u00e1gua.<\/p>\n

Produzir alimentos em ambientes urbanos significa estar muito mais perto dos consumidores, diminuindo o transporte da fazenda at\u00e9 o prato, o que ajuda a reduzir a pegada de carbono.<\/p>\n

Ser capaz de produzir alimentos em pa\u00edses com escassez de terra por tais meios permitir\u00e1 que um grau de inseguran\u00e7a alimentar seja resolvido, mas n\u00e3o sem um custo. Infelizmente, a agricultura interna e vertical \u00e9 custosa, resultando em um custo de produ\u00e7\u00e3o unit\u00e1rio mais alto em compara\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 agricultura terrestre, e algu\u00e9m tem que pagar por isso. Esse algu\u00e9m \u00e9 o contribuinte, por meio de subs\u00eddios e subs\u00eddios governamentais, ou os consumidores que pagam pre\u00e7os mais altos pelos alimentos. A ironia \u00e9 que a inseguran\u00e7a alimentar decorrente de uma pandemia \u00fanica \u00e9 sentida quando n\u00e3o h\u00e1 escassez de alimentos em \u00e1reas urbanas ricas e em outros pa\u00edses, como em Cingapura e no Oriente M\u00e9dio rico em petr\u00f3leo.<\/p>\n

Um benef\u00edcio adicional \u00e9 que a produ\u00e7\u00e3o e o rendimento da colheita n\u00e3o est\u00e3o sujeitos \u00e0s condi\u00e7\u00f5es clim\u00e1ticas em um ambiente de produ\u00e7\u00e3o t\u00e3o controlado. Isso significa que a produ\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 muito mais previs\u00edvel e consistente.<\/p>\n

Para o que est\u00e1 sendo produzido agora, que \u00e9 principalmente folhas verdes, menos pesticidas podem ser usados, o que aborda, at\u00e9 certo ponto, as preocupa\u00e7\u00f5es do consumidor sobre alimentos contaminados por produtos qu\u00edmicos ou seguran\u00e7a alimentar. A realidade \u00e9 que menos quantidades de pesticidas podem ser usadas, mas o produto n\u00e3o \u00e9 "livre de pesticidas", como alegado por quase todas essas opera\u00e7\u00f5es de cultivo indoor.<\/p>\n

A agricultura vertical permite um alto grau de rastreabilidade decorrente do uso de intelig\u00eancia artificial, automa\u00e7\u00e3o e tecnologias de blockchain em um ambiente controlado. Com quest\u00f5es de seguran\u00e7a alimentar se movendo para o primeiro plano e maior conscientiza\u00e7\u00e3o do consumidor, a rastreabilidade se tornou um crit\u00e9rio importante a ser atendido ao fornecer para pontos de venda de varejo mais sofisticados e pa\u00edses consumidores.<\/p>\n

Restri\u00e7\u00f5es e problemas<\/h2>\n

No momento, a maioria das folhas verdes est\u00e1 sendo produzida, apesar de muitas dessas opera\u00e7\u00f5es de cultivo vertical e indoor alegarem que podem cultivar dezenas de variedades. Ser capaz de cultiv\u00e1-las \u00e9 uma coisa, mas cultiv\u00e1-las economicamente \u00e9 outra completamente diferente.<\/p>\n

Cultivar vegetais e safras frut\u00edferas em tais ambientes controlados e internos exigir\u00e1 polinizadores e equipamentos especializados para dispersar p\u00f3lens, que est\u00e3o sendo inventados. T\u00e9cnicas recentemente desenvolvidas e insetos polinizadores cultivados est\u00e3o sendo refinados no momento.<\/p>\n

Al\u00e9m disso, cultivar planta\u00e7\u00f5es em um ambiente interno envolve usar ilumina\u00e7\u00e3o artificial, o que incorre em um custo de energia muito alto. A necessidade de resfriamento devido ao calor gerado pelas luzes aumenta o custo de energia.<\/p>\n

A agricultura interna em larga escala, mesmo de alguns acres, atrai um alto investimento inicial, e \u00e9 por isso que as tr\u00eas principais opera\u00e7\u00f5es de agricultura interna, Arco<\/a>, Bastante<\/a>, e Fazendas Aero<\/a>, levantaram mais de $500 milh\u00f5es em fundos de investimento cada.<\/p>\n

A restri\u00e7\u00e3o mais significativa de todas \u00e9, de fato, o maior custo de produ\u00e7\u00e3o por libra ou quilo de produtos frescos em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com a agricultura tradicional baseada em terra, conforme mencionado anteriormente. Todas as atuais opera\u00e7\u00f5es de agricultura interna e vertical est\u00e3o apregoando todas as vantagens, mas nenhuma pode alegar que tamb\u00e9m tem um menor custo de produ\u00e7\u00e3o para cada unidade de produ\u00e7\u00e3o em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com aquelas produzidas ao ar livre. Qualquer opera\u00e7\u00e3o de agricultura interna que possa atingir essa meta ilus\u00f3ria de competitividade de custos certamente atingir\u00e1 o status de unic\u00f3rnio no espa\u00e7o de investimento em agtech.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Impactos nos fornecedores de insumos<\/h2>\n

Dada a tremenda quantidade de investimento despejado neste setor de agtech, o n\u00famero dessas fazendas continuar\u00e1 a crescer em todo o mundo. Tecnologias relevantes e \u00fateis continuar\u00e3o a evoluir e ser aprimoradas. Esfor\u00e7os e oportunidades colaborativas entre aqueles que t\u00eam tra\u00e7\u00e3o de mercado com v\u00e1rias fazendas e fornecedores de insumos e tecnologia ser\u00e3o aparentes e necess\u00e1rios.<\/p>\n

Melhores resultados ser\u00e3o garantidos pelos fornecedores e propriet\u00e1rios de fazendas que desenvolvem em conjunto produtos de nutri\u00e7\u00e3o de culturas adequados a diferentes culturas, desde as atuais folhas verdes at\u00e9 frutas como morangos e, em breve, plantas medicinais de valor muito mais alto, como a cannabis medicinal.<\/p>\n

Novas e inovadoras tecnologias que podem aumentar significativamente o rendimento ir\u00e3o, \u00e9 claro, ajudar a reduzir o custo unit\u00e1rio de produ\u00e7\u00e3o. Tal tecnologia poderia ser a nebuliza\u00e7\u00e3o das planta\u00e7\u00f5es com di\u00f3xido de carbono altamente saturado em \u00e1gua, o que supostamente aumenta o rendimento em at\u00e9 30%.<\/p>\n

Ser\u00e3o necess\u00e1rios produtos mais ecol\u00f3gicos adequados ao controle de pragas e doen\u00e7as em ambientes de cultivo interno, deixando de lado o mantra inating\u00edvel de ser \u201clivre de pesticidas\u201d.<\/p>\n

O futuro<\/h2>\n

O que \u00e9 preciso para competir efetivamente com a agricultura terrestre e ser realmente uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o para lidar com a inseguran\u00e7a alimentar e atender \u00e0s futuras demandas alimentares de forma sustent\u00e1vel?<\/p>\n

Ter se tornado vertical para reduzir o espa\u00e7o e a terra necess\u00e1rios n\u00e3o \u00e9 suficiente para compensar o alto custo de energia inerente a tais opera\u00e7\u00f5es agr\u00edcolas. O calor acumulado no ambiente de cultivo e depois ter que resfriar, como mencionado anteriormente, aumenta o custo de energia. Ent\u00e3o, parece que o pr\u00f3ximo passo l\u00f3gico seria aumentar ainda mais a densidade de plantio n\u00e3o tendo corredores, mas isso requer um maior grau de automa\u00e7\u00e3o e garantir que haja uma maneira de alcan\u00e7ar e tratar quaisquer partes da cultura que estejam infestadas com pragas e doen\u00e7as.<\/p>\n

Criar um ambiente livre de pragas e doen\u00e7as exigir\u00e1 salas limpas como as usadas na produ\u00e7\u00e3o farmac\u00eautica ou de semicondutores. Esses ambientes livres de pragas incorreriam em custos de instala\u00e7\u00e3o e manuten\u00e7\u00e3o ainda maiores. Nas opera\u00e7\u00f5es atuais, pragas e doen\u00e7as s\u00e3o inevit\u00e1veis, pois podem passar pelos sistemas de ventila\u00e7\u00e3o e portas, al\u00e9m da contamina\u00e7\u00e3o acidental por trabalhadores e por sementes. Esporos bacterianos e f\u00fangicos, bem como pequenas pragas, como \u00e1caros, podem passar at\u00e9 mesmo pelo ambiente mais bem conservado e controlado. Al\u00e9m disso, o ar circulante, bem como as condi\u00e7\u00f5es \u00famidas de cultivo, favorecem a dissemina\u00e7\u00e3o de esporos f\u00fangicos e o surto de infesta\u00e7\u00f5es de \u00e1caros.<\/p>\n

Abordar essas quest\u00f5es de forma eficaz com agr\u00f4nomos, consultores de controle de pragas, fornecedores de pesticidas mais ecol\u00f3gicos e projetistas de engenharia \u00e9 mais apropriado do que simplesmente alardear que estamos "sem pesticidas" e varrer os problemas para debaixo do tapete.<\/p>\n

Quase todas as opera\u00e7\u00f5es de agricultura indoor em larga escala est\u00e3o reivindicando o emprego de tecnologias de chav\u00f5es, como sensores de IoT (Internet das Coisas), an\u00e1lise de imagem de IA (intelig\u00eancia artificial), ML (aprendizado de m\u00e1quina), blockchain, an\u00e1lise de big data, automa\u00e7\u00e3o, rob\u00f3tica e plataforma de cultura de transporte. \u00c9 dif\u00edcil determinar quantas delas est\u00e3o realmente empregando essas tecnologias em suas opera\u00e7\u00f5es, mas todas essas chav\u00f5es parecem impressionantes e s\u00e3o aparentemente indispens\u00e1veis em seu prospecto de investimento.<\/p>\n

De fato, daqui para frente, aqueles que levantaram centenas de milh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares em fundos de investimento ter\u00e3o tudo isso \u00e0 disposi\u00e7\u00e3o e, esperan\u00e7osamente, ajudar\u00e3o as empresas a se moverem em dire\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 obten\u00e7\u00e3o do status de unic\u00f3rnio definitivo. Ent\u00e3o, e somente ent\u00e3o, elas poder\u00e3o efetivamente lidar com a inseguran\u00e7a alimentar e atender \u00e0s futuras demandas alimentares de forma significativa e sustent\u00e1vel.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Atualmente, os altos custos limitam as opera\u00e7\u00f5es em larga escala, mas novas tecnologias podem ajudar a tornar a abordagem mais popular.\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"author":110,"featured_media":68104,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,1604,1848,5],"tags":[554,548],"class_list":["post-68103","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agrochemicals","category-agtech","category-executive-outlook","category-markets","tag-featured","tag-food-security"],"yoast_head":"\nWill Indoor Vertical Farming Address Food Insecurity and Help Meet Future Food Demand?\u00a0 - AgriBusiness Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"High costs currently limit large-scale operations, but new technologies could help make the approach more popular.\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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