{"id":68279,"date":"2021-11-22T07:33:32","date_gmt":"2021-11-22T12:33:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/?p=68279"},"modified":"2021-11-22T12:34:10","modified_gmt":"2021-11-22T17:34:10","slug":"detecting-the-disease-resistance-of-a-plant-when-it-is-only-a-seed","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/agrochemicals\/seeds-traits\/detecting-the-disease-resistance-of-a-plant-when-it-is-only-a-seed\/","title":{"rendered":"Detectando a resist\u00eancia a doen\u00e7as de uma planta quando ela \u00e9 apenas uma semente"},"content":{"rendered":"

Na jornada, \u00e0s vezes confusa, de seguir caracter\u00edsticas gen\u00e9ticas para criar plantas resilientes, um gene rec\u00e9m-identificado ilumina o caminho para a resist\u00eancia natural da soja a uma doen\u00e7a devastadora.<\/p>\n

A Universidade Purdue anunciou uma parceria acad\u00eamico-industrial com a Corteva Agriscience na quinta-feira (18 de novembro), resultando na identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de um gene individual respons\u00e1vel pela resist\u00eancia \u00e0 Phytophthora para que os melhoristas de plantas possam detectar facilmente quais plantas carregam a caracter\u00edstica.<\/p>\n

\u201cApenas uma pequena amostra de DNA \u00e9 necess\u00e1ria para um teste com um marcador molecular, ent\u00e3o at\u00e9 mesmo as sementes podem ser facilmente verificadas quanto \u00e0 resist\u00eancia a esta doen\u00e7a\u201d, disse Jianxin Ma<\/a>, um professor de\u00a0agronomia<\/a>\u00a0no Purdue College of Agriculture, que liderou a equipe. \u201cN\u00e3o precisamos esperar uma planta crescer para ver se ela carrega essa caracter\u00edstica ou desperdi\u00e7ar recursos criando plantas sem ela. Essa cria\u00e7\u00e3o de precis\u00e3o acelera a velocidade com que uma nova e robusta cultivar pode ser colocada nas m\u00e3os dos fazendeiros.\u201d<\/p>\n

O gene, designado Rps11, confere resist\u00eancia de amplo espectro ao pat\u00f3geno. A equipe identificou e clonou o gene, uma etapa cr\u00edtica para criar marcadores moleculares que detectam precisamente a presen\u00e7a do gene \u2013 o mesmo princ\u00edpio usado em testes para COVID-19. A Nature Communications publicou um papel<\/a> detalhando o trabalho da equipe.<\/p>\n

Phytophthora \u00e9 um fungo respons\u00e1vel pela podrid\u00e3o da raiz e do caule que pode devastar os campos de soja e custa aos agricultores anualmente mais de $1 bilh\u00f5es em todo o mundo. Como fungos e outros pat\u00f3genos, o fungo transmitido pelo solo evoluiu ao longo do tempo, e a resist\u00eancia das linhagens de soja existentes est\u00e1 diminuindo, disse Ma, que tamb\u00e9m faz parte da Pr\u00f3ximos movimentos de Purdue<\/a> em ci\u00eancias vegetais e membro da universidade\u00a0Centro de Biologia Vegetal<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"ma-soybean<\/a>

Jianxin Ma, professor de agronomia na Universidade Purdue, segura as folhas de uma planta de soja. Atr\u00e1s de Ma, da esquerda para a direita, est\u00e3o os estudantes Weidong Wang, Chance Clark e Dominic Provancal. Ma est\u00e1 trabalhando para melhorar as plantas de soja como parte da iniciativa de ci\u00eancias vegetais Next Moves da Purdue. Cr\u00e9dito da foto: Universidade Purdue \/ Tom Campbell<\/p><\/div>\n

\u201cEste pat\u00f3geno \u00e9 dif\u00edcil de controlar usando fungicidas, que tamb\u00e9m s\u00e3o caros e t\u00eam impacto ambiental potencial\u201d, disse ele. \u201cA resist\u00eancia gen\u00e9tica \u00e9 a melhor maneira de preveni-lo. Al\u00e9m do Rps11, a colabora\u00e7\u00e3o resultou na identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de mais tr\u00eas genes, que tamb\u00e9m conferem excelente resist\u00eancia ao pat\u00f3geno, que esperamos tamb\u00e9m ser capazes de clonar.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cA Corteva Agriscience tem o prazer de colaborar com a Purdue University para desenvolver solu\u00e7\u00f5es potenciais para nossos clientes agricultores\u201d, disse Jeff Thompson, Global Soybean Lead da Corteva. \u201cIsso se alinha bem com nosso interesse em trabalhar com universidades de concess\u00e3o de terras na cria\u00e7\u00e3o de solu\u00e7\u00f5es inovadoras para proteger nossa safra de soja de pragas e doen\u00e7as.\u201d<\/p>\n

A Corteva forneceu acesso a uma instala\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00faltima gera\u00e7\u00e3o e colabora\u00e7\u00e3o com os principais cientistas, disse Ma. A equipe do projeto usou as tecnologias de genotipagem e sequenciamento de alto rendimento da empresa para identificar um novo gene respons\u00e1vel pela resist\u00eancia a Phytophthora. A colabora\u00e7\u00e3o tamb\u00e9m forneceu uma plataforma de treinamento e experi\u00eancia avan\u00e7ada em pesquisa para alunos de gradua\u00e7\u00e3o e p\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o na Purdue por meio da intera\u00e7\u00e3o direta com cientistas da Corteva.<\/p>\n

O gene Rps11 \u00e9 encontrado em uma regi\u00e3o complexa do genoma. Essa regi\u00e3o carrega uma d\u00fazia de genes que s\u00e3o estruturalmente semelhantes, mas funcionalmente distintos, de Rps11. E o n\u00famero desses genes na regi\u00e3o varia entre as variedades de plantas de cinco a 23, tornando dif\u00edcil encontrar Rps11.<\/p>\n

\u201cSe tiv\u00e9ssemos confiado apenas em genomas de refer\u00eancia de soja dispon\u00edveis publicamente, n\u00e3o ter\u00edamos capturado Rps11\u201d, disse Ma. \u201cA regi\u00e3o est\u00e1 presente nesses genomas, mas a contraparte do gene que d\u00e1 resist\u00eancia n\u00e3o est\u00e1 l\u00e1. Assim, tivemos que decodificar a regi\u00e3o inteira na linha doadora Rps11, e n\u00e3o poder\u00edamos ter feito isso sem o equipamento e a experi\u00eancia da Corteva.\u201d<\/p>\n

Guiada por toda a sequ\u00eancia da regi\u00e3o, a equipe conseguiu projetar um conjunto de marcadores de DNA para genotipagem de alto rendimento de mais de 17.000 plantas individuais em quest\u00e3o de poucos meses para, eventualmente, identificar o gene, disse ele.<\/p>\n

A equipe de pesquisa espera conseguir fazer o mesmo com os outros tr\u00eas genes identificados, disse ele.<\/p>\n

\u201cSe as plantas puderem ser criadas com m\u00faltiplos genes que conferem resist\u00eancia a doen\u00e7as, elas teriam camadas de prote\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d, disse Ma. \u201cTamb\u00e9m planejamos explorar como a varia\u00e7\u00e3o estrutural dessa regi\u00e3o gen\u00f4mica deu origem \u00e0 resist\u00eancia, para entender e possivelmente melhorar a resist\u00eancia a doen\u00e7as de outras maneiras. Queremos fornecer o m\u00e1ximo de ferramentas poss\u00edvel para uma agricultura sustent\u00e1vel.\u201d<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Uma parceria entre a Universidade Purdue e a Corteva resultou na identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de um gene individual respons\u00e1vel pela resist\u00eancia \u00e0 Phytophthora para que os melhoristas de plantas possam detectar facilmente quais plantas carregam a caracter\u00edstica.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":110,"featured_media":68280,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-68279","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-seeds-traits"],"yoast_head":"\nDetecting the Disease Resistance of a Plant When It is Only a Seed - AgriBusiness Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A partnership between Purdue University and Corteva has resulted in the identification of an individual gene responsible for Phytophthora resistance so plant breeders can easily detect which plants carry the trait.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/agrochemicals\/seeds-traits\/detecting-the-disease-resistance-of-a-plant-when-it-is-only-a-seed\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Detecting the Disease Resistance of a Plant When It is Only a Seed - 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