{"id":68434,"date":"2022-01-17T09:18:39","date_gmt":"2022-01-17T14:18:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/?p=68434"},"modified":"2022-01-27T16:04:10","modified_gmt":"2022-01-27T21:04:10","slug":"how-cop26-methane-and-carbon-pledges-will-impact-agriculture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/sustainability\/how-cop26-methane-and-carbon-pledges-will-impact-agriculture\/","title":{"rendered":"Como as promessas de metano e carbono da COP26 impactar\u00e3o a agricultura"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nota do editor: a an\u00e1lise da Kynetec \u00e9 baseada em dados coletados de pesquisas com agricultores (FarmTrak), pesquisas de distribui\u00e7\u00e3o (Sigma) e de informa\u00e7\u00f5es de c\u00f3digo aberto. As pesquisas com agricultores continuam a fornecer a maior parte dos dados para nossa an\u00e1lise geral. As pesquisas tamb\u00e9m est\u00e3o rastreando cada vez mais o desenvolvimento de pr\u00e1ticas de agricultura regenerativa em toda a geografia e tipos de fazendas em 50 pa\u00edses globalmente. Esses dados ajudam as organiza\u00e7\u00f5es a medir suas emiss\u00f5es de Escopo 3 e a compar\u00e1-las com o padr\u00e3o da ind\u00fastria.<\/em><\/p>\n

Mais uma vez, 2021 foi um ano s\u00f3lido para a agricultura.<\/p>\n

A ind\u00fastria \u2014 assim como fez em 2020 \u2014 provou sua resili\u00eancia em termos de produ\u00e7\u00e3o de alimentos, combust\u00edvel e fibras e, ao mesmo tempo, registrou contribui\u00e7\u00e3o positiva para o PIB diante de uma montanha-russa econ\u00f4mica global e uma pandemia que continua a afetar quase todos os lugares. Como exemplo, para o ano fiscal de 2020-21 na \u00cdndia, a participa\u00e7\u00e3o da agricultura no PIB atingiu pouco mais de 20% pela primeira vez nos \u00faltimos 17 anos \u2014 tornando o setor o \u00fanico ponto positivo no desempenho do PIB naquele ano. Na UE27, menos focada na agricultura, o setor agr\u00edcola contribuiu com cerca de 172 bilh\u00f5es de euros para o PIB da UE \u2014 o equivalente a 1,3% do total. Essa contribui\u00e7\u00e3o caiu um pouco em compara\u00e7\u00e3o ao ano anterior, mas ainda \u00e9 27% maior do que o ano do \u00edndice base definido em 2010.<\/p>\n

Neste contexto, o Reino Unido acolheu a 26\u00aa Confer\u00eancia das Partes sobre Mudan\u00e7a Clim\u00e1tica da ONU (COP26)<\/a> em Glasgow de 31 de outubro a 13 de novembro de 2021. A c\u00fapula da COP26 reuniu as partes para acelerar a a\u00e7\u00e3o em dire\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0s metas do Acordo de Paris e da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o-Quadro das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas sobre Mudan\u00e7a do Clima. Realizada todos os anos h\u00e1 quase tr\u00eas d\u00e9cadas, a mudan\u00e7a clim\u00e1tica deixou de ser uma quest\u00e3o marginal e se tornou uma prioridade global em 2021.<\/p>\n

Esse foco renovado nas mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas, por sua vez, colocou press\u00e3o sobre a ind\u00fastria, e a agricultura n\u00e3o \u00e9 exce\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Certos aspectos da agricultura tradicional, redu\u00e7\u00e3o da pobreza e seguran\u00e7a alimentar podem estar em risco, j\u00e1 que a mitiga\u00e7\u00e3o no setor agr\u00edcola \u00e9 vista por muitos como uma parte importante da solu\u00e7\u00e3o para as mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas.<\/p>\n

Olhando para as estat\u00edsticas b\u00e1sicas, a agricultura, a silvicultura e o uso da terra s\u00e3o de fato respons\u00e1veis por cerca de 25% de todas as emiss\u00f5es de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) \u2014 ent\u00e3o, \u00e0 primeira vista, a agricultura \u00e9 uma fonte importante de GEE.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

A agricultura \u00e9, no entanto, tamb\u00e9m um \u201csumidouro\u201d significativo \u2014 sequestrando carbono da atmosfera em volumes que compensam efetivamente pelo menos 20% do CO do setor.2<\/sub> emiss\u00f5es \u2014 de acordo com a FAO. Outros GEE da agricultura s\u00e3o o metano e o \u00f3xido nitroso \u2014 o segundo e o terceiro maiores contribuintes globais, respectivamente. Para ambos os GEE, a agricultura \u00e9 vista como a principal fonte de emiss\u00e3o. No caso dos EUA, cerca de 75% da fonte de \u00f3xido nitroso \u00e9 considerada especificamente proveniente de sistemas de manejo de solo agr\u00edcola, enquanto a produ\u00e7\u00e3o pecu\u00e1ria e o arroz com casca s\u00e3o vistos como duas das principais fontes de contribui\u00e7\u00e3o global de GEE de metano da agricultura.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Um dos primeiros acordos da COP26 foi o Compromisso Global sobre Metano<\/a>, que compromete mais de 102 pa\u00edses a reduzir suas emiss\u00f5es totais de metano em 30% at\u00e9 2030, em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com os n\u00edveis de 2020.<\/p>\n

Esta promessa de metano vinda da cidade de Glasgow, Reino Unido \u2014 o local das c\u00fapulas de novembro do BCPC por v\u00e1rios anos \u2014 \u00e9 vista como uma fruta f\u00e1cil de colher e, de acordo com a ONU, "cortar o metano \u00e9 a maneira mais r\u00e1pida e eficaz de desacelerar o aquecimento agora". Essas redu\u00e7\u00f5es prometidas por si s\u00f3 reduziriam as proje\u00e7\u00f5es de aquecimento em 0,2 \u00b0C, ajudando a cumprir o compromisso geral de manter o aumento da temperatura global dentro de 1,5 \u00b0C das m\u00e9dias pr\u00e9-industriais.<\/p>\n

Dada a import\u00e2ncia da contribui\u00e7\u00e3o da agricultura para a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de metano \u2014 principalmente por meio da fermenta\u00e7\u00e3o ent\u00e9rica em ruminantes e campos de arroz com casca, onde micr\u00f3bios subaqu\u00e1ticos emitem o g\u00e1s \u2014 tamb\u00e9m se poderia esperar algumas mudan\u00e7as pol\u00edticas radicais da COP26 para mitigar esse impacto. No geral, no entanto, a agricultura foi atualmente deixada de fora da mesa de debates pela UE, EUA e outros formuladores de pol\u00edticas globais. Por enquanto, o foco est\u00e1 muito em medidas t\u00e9cnicas usando ci\u00eancia e tecnologia para ajudar a reduzir a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de metano em ruminantes, desenvolvendo ingredientes de ra\u00e7\u00e3o novos e inovadores. Embora medidas pol\u00edticas para reduzir a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de metano da agricultura n\u00e3o possam ser descartadas no futuro \u2014 tanto para arroz com casca quanto para produ\u00e7\u00e3o de carne \u2014 elas n\u00e3o s\u00e3o planejadas no curto prazo e, dado que nem a China nem a \u00cdndia foram signat\u00e1rias do compromisso do metano, qualquer impacto pol\u00edtico na agricultura de arroz com casca \u00e9 improv\u00e1vel agora.<\/p>\n

Al\u00e9m do Global Methane Pledge, a COP26 tamb\u00e9m chegou a um acordo sobre o estabelecimento de uma estrutura que reger\u00e1 as regras sobre o com\u00e9rcio global de compensa\u00e7\u00f5es de carbono. O mercado est\u00e1 atualmente fragmentado e desregulamentado, e a precifica\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 opaca \u2014 problemas que esta nova estrutura deve ajudar a resolver. O novo sistema de mercado de compensa\u00e7\u00f5es acordado em Glasgow tamb\u00e9m resolve muitos pontos de disc\u00f3rdia anteriores no com\u00e9rcio de carbono, como tributa\u00e7\u00e3o e dupla contagem. No entanto, tamb\u00e9m permitiu o transporte de compensa\u00e7\u00f5es de carbono registradas desde 2013. Isso permite cerca de 320 milh\u00f5es de cr\u00e9ditos de compensa\u00e7\u00e3o de \u201cqualidade inferior\u201d \u2014 cada um representando uma tonelada de CO2<\/sub> \u2014 para entrar no que ainda \u00e9 um mercado incipiente. Isso continua sendo uma preocupa\u00e7\u00e3o abrangente, pois esses chamados \u201ccr\u00e9ditos zumbis\u201d podem potencialmente inundar o mercado com unidades baratas.<\/p>\n

Com o atual com\u00e9rcio de carbono verificado em torno de apenas $15-$25\/tonelada e "precificado de acordo com o mercado", qualquer press\u00e3o adicional de queda nos pre\u00e7os ser\u00e1 um impedimento adicional para os produtores dos EUA, em particular, que buscam entrar no mercado de cr\u00e9ditos de carbono com carbono de 2022.<\/p>\n

Fora das principais manchetes de uma promessa de metano e um mercado internacional de com\u00e9rcio de carbono mais bem regulado, v\u00e1rios outros acordos e contra-acordos foram firmados, muitos dos quais podem impactar a agricultura nos pr\u00f3ximos anos. Um exemplo disso \u00e9 uma iniciativa liderada pelos EUA chamada AIM para o Clima (AIM4C)<\/a>. Trinta pa\u00edses assinaram em apoio, com o objetivo de encontrar novas inova\u00e7\u00f5es em agricultura inteligente e sistemas alimentares sustent\u00e1veis. At\u00e9 o final da COP26, a iniciativa arrecadou mais de $4 bilh\u00f5es, incluindo $1 bilh\u00e3o dos EUA.<\/p>\n

Cerca de 28 governos tamb\u00e9m concordaram com um plano para um com\u00e9rcio \u201cmais sustent\u00e1vel\u201d, o que pode come\u00e7ar a colocar press\u00f5es adicionais sobre commodities agr\u00edcolas comercializ\u00e1veis, como \u00f3leo de palma e cacau.<\/p>\n

Junto a isso, h\u00e1 um compromisso marcante para proteger habitats naturais preciosos, com 90% das florestas do mundo cobertas por uma promessa de 130 pa\u00edses para acabar com o desmatamento at\u00e9 2030. O desmatamento \u00e9 frequentemente usado como um argumento contra o desenvolvimento agr\u00edcola, com muitos pa\u00edses discordando sobre os detalhes, ent\u00e3o ver um acordo alcan\u00e7ado sob essa promessa deve ser considerado positivo para a agricultura a longo prazo. Finalmente, um acordo para "reduzir gradualmente" o uso do carv\u00e3o tamb\u00e9m deve ser visto como positivo a longo prazo, ajudando a desenvolver biocombust\u00edveis como uma alternativa sustent\u00e1vel aos combust\u00edveis f\u00f3sseis.<\/p>\n

O servi\u00e7o FarmTrak Sustainabilty da Kynetec rastreia a progress\u00e3o das pr\u00e1ticas de agricultura regenerativa em uma resolu\u00e7\u00e3o de grade quadrada de 10 km em 52 pa\u00edses globalmente, e junto com nosso parceiro, DTN, para cada fazenda individual nos EUA. Nosso trabalho mede as emiss\u00f5es de GEE (e sequestro), uso de \u00e1gua, biodiversidade e sustentabilidade dos meios de subsist\u00eancia da fazenda. Isso \u00e9 usado em suporte \u00e0 medi\u00e7\u00e3o de emiss\u00e3o de escopo 3, rastreando adicionalidade e perman\u00eancia para agricultura de carbono, e permite que os usu\u00e1rios visem geografias e tipos de fazenda (fazendeiros nomeados nos EUA) com produtos e servi\u00e7os focados em sustentabilidade e\/ou adquiram produtos agr\u00edcolas sustent\u00e1veis. Nossa abordagem envolve a coleta de dados prim\u00e1rios de n\u00edvel de campo e\/ou variedade em 43 milh\u00f5es de hectares estatisticamente representativos, combinando isso com sensoriamento remoto para criar o banco de dados mais perspicaz poss\u00edvel. Nos EUA, isso \u00e9 ainda mais aprimorado com a verifica\u00e7\u00e3o de descobertas por fazendeiro.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Os sistemas agr\u00edcolas globais s\u00e3o promissores como uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o para o foco global na redu\u00e7\u00e3o de emiss\u00f5es. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":112,"featured_media":50037,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,1848,1846],"tags":[554],"class_list":["post-68434","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agrochemicals","category-executive-outlook","category-sustainability","tag-featured"],"yoast_head":"\nHow COP26 Methane and Carbon Pledges Will Impact Agriculture - AgriBusiness Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Global farming systems hold promise as a solution to a global focus on curbing emissions.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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