{"id":68683,"date":"2022-03-16T16:39:41","date_gmt":"2022-03-16T20:39:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/?p=68683"},"modified":"2022-03-08T16:50:21","modified_gmt":"2022-03-08T21:50:21","slug":"the-sweet-smell-of-pheromone-success-in-crop-protection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/biologicals\/the-sweet-smell-of-pheromone-success-in-crop-protection\/","title":{"rendered":"O doce cheiro do sucesso do ferom\u00f4nio na prote\u00e7\u00e3o de culturas"},"content":{"rendered":"

De acordo com duas organiza\u00e7\u00f5es de pesquisa de mercado, o uso de ferom\u00f4nios dever\u00e1 aumentar significativamente na prote\u00e7\u00e3o de cultivos nos pr\u00f3ximos anos.<\/p>\n

Em janeiro, a Research and Markets relatou que o mercado de ferom\u00f4nios para manejo integrado de pragas, de 2021 a 2028, dever\u00e1 crescer a uma taxa anual composta de 12,3% e se tornar uma ind\u00fastria de $1,5 bilh\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Aparador de Dunham<\/a>, uma empresa global de pesquisa de mercado focada exclusivamente na prote\u00e7\u00e3o biol\u00f3gica e natural de plantas, prev\u00ea que o uso de produtos de ferom\u00f4nio na prote\u00e7\u00e3o de cultivos aumentar\u00e1 a um CAGR de 8,9% em todo o mundo entre 2020-2025, com algumas regi\u00f5es apresentando crescimento de 11% e 15%.<\/p>\n

\"Pheromones<\/a>

Ferom\u00f4nios da cochonilha atraindo machos para monitoramento.<\/p><\/div>\n

H\u00e1 v\u00e1rias raz\u00f5es para esse crescimento. Os consumidores est\u00e3o exigindo produtos com menos pesticidas. Os governos est\u00e3o regulando pesticidas de forma mais rigorosa e oferecendo aos agricultores incentivos para alternativas de prote\u00e7\u00e3o de cultivos. Enquanto isso, os insetos est\u00e3o desenvolvendo resist\u00eancia aos pesticidas tradicionais.<\/p>\n

Mais significativamente, os avan\u00e7os na tecnologia tornaram a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de ferom\u00f4nios menos dispendiosa.<\/p>\n

\u201cA comunidade de investidores est\u00e1 muito interessada na tecnologia de ferom\u00f4nios, e as empresas receberam d\u00f3lares de investimento significativos para desenvolv\u00ea-la\u201d, diz Rick Melnick, vice-presidente de neg\u00f3cios globais da DunhamTrimmer. \u201cOs custos est\u00e3o diminuindo e, como resultado, os investidores est\u00e3o vendo que os ferom\u00f4nios t\u00eam grande potencial de serem usados em planta\u00e7\u00f5es em linha e, por causa de seu ponto final n\u00e3o t\u00f3xico, eles tamb\u00e9m se encaixam em iniciativas de sustentabilidade que acontecem ao redor do mundo.\u201d<\/p>\n

O Projeto PHERA<\/a>, lan\u00e7ado em 2020, \u00e9 um cons\u00f3rcio de empresas \u2014 incluindo BioPhero<\/a> na Dinamarca e SEDQ Culturas Saud\u00e1veis<\/a> na Espanha \u2014 preocupados em alimentar o mundo conforme a popula\u00e7\u00e3o aumenta. O projeto espera aumentar o uso de ferom\u00f4nios na prote\u00e7\u00e3o de cultivos, diminuindo o custo da produ\u00e7\u00e3o de ferom\u00f4nios. A chave \u00e9 um novo m\u00e9todo de produ\u00e7\u00e3o: Fermenta\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

\u201cSe quisermos alimentar o mundo sem prejudic\u00e1-lo, precisamos falar sobre intensifica\u00e7\u00e3o sustent\u00e1vel\u201d, diz Kristian Ebbensgaard, CEO da BioPhero. \u201cPragas de insetos constituem uma amea\u00e7a real \u00e0 seguran\u00e7a alimentar \u2014 perdas de safras causadas por pragas s\u00e3o estimadas em at\u00e9 20% globalmente \u2014 e os agricultores precisam de solu\u00e7\u00f5es de prote\u00e7\u00e3o de safras econ\u00f4micas, eficazes e, de prefer\u00eancia, f\u00e1ceis de usar.<\/p>\n

\u201cOs ferom\u00f4nios fornecem uma alternativa sustent\u00e1vel aos inseticidas, e o Projeto PHERA busca desenvolver ferom\u00f4nios com um pre\u00e7o que os torne atraentes para os agricultores de culturas de campo\u201d, diz Ebbensgaard.<\/p>\n

Avan\u00e7o tecnol\u00f3gico<\/h2>\n

Os insetos usam ferom\u00f4nios para se comunicarem entre si. Diferentes ferom\u00f4nios emitem alarmes, apontam para rastros de comida e marcam territ\u00f3rios. As f\u00eameas secretam ferom\u00f4nios sexuais para atrair parceiros em potencial.<\/p>\n

Na prote\u00e7\u00e3o de cultivos, ferom\u00f4nios sexuais produzidos artificialmente afastam os insetos machos das f\u00eameas reais. Eles desorientam os machos, frustram o processo de acasalamento e, assim, reduzem a popula\u00e7\u00e3o de insetos sem mat\u00e1-los. Polinizadores e insetos ben\u00e9ficos n\u00e3o s\u00e3o prejudicados.<\/p>\n

Os fazendeiros podem pulverizar os ferom\u00f4nios n\u00e3o t\u00f3xicos ou comprar dispensadores que liberam ferom\u00f4nios intermitentemente. Outra op\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 usar ferom\u00f4nios como isca para capturar insetos, estimar a popula\u00e7\u00e3o e determinar se pesticidas s\u00e3o necess\u00e1rios.<\/p>\n

Emily Symmes \u2014 Gerente S\u00eanior de Servi\u00e7os T\u00e9cnicos na Suterra<\/a>, fabricante de produtos de controle de pragas ambientalmente sustent\u00e1veis, incluindo ferom\u00f4nios, com escrit\u00f3rios nos Estados Unidos, no estado de Oregon, e na Espanha \u2014 afirma que os ferom\u00f4nios controlaram com sucesso as popula\u00e7\u00f5es de diversas esp\u00e9cies de insetos, incluindo a tra\u00e7a-da-ma\u00e7\u00e3, a tra\u00e7a-diamante e a tra\u00e7a-das-frutas-orientais, a lagarta-do-umbigo, a cochonilha-da-videira e a cochonilha-vermelha-da-calif\u00f3rnia.<\/p>\n

As culturas protegidas com ferom\u00f4nios incluem aquelas em mercados especializados, como nozes, pom\u00f3ideas, frutas de caro\u00e7o e c\u00edtricas, videiras e, cada vez mais, couves.<\/p>\n

Marta Melgarejo, pesquisadora de pesquisa e marketing da SEDQ, diz que a interrup\u00e7\u00e3o do acasalamento pode substituir completamente os pesticidas em alguns casos, como no caso da broca asi\u00e1tica do arroz e da tra\u00e7a europeia da videira em certas regi\u00f5es.<\/p>\n

\u201cMesmo quando a elimina\u00e7\u00e3o do tratamento com pesticidas n\u00e3o \u00e9 poss\u00edvel, a interrup\u00e7\u00e3o do acasalamento pode reduzir drasticamente seu uso, como no caso da tra\u00e7a da ma\u00e7\u00e3\u201d, diz Melgarejo.<\/p>\n

Melnick, da DunhamTrimmer, diz que historicamente os ferom\u00f4nios eram produzidos por meio de um processo bioqu\u00edmico no qual an\u00e1logos de ferom\u00f4nios eram sintetizados. No entanto, o processo era caro, ent\u00e3o apenas colheitas de alto valor, como ma\u00e7\u00e3s, peras e uvas, eram protegidas com ferom\u00f4nios.<\/p>\n

Um avan\u00e7o tecnol\u00f3gico desenvolvido nos \u00faltimos 10 anos deve reduzir consideravelmente o custo da produ\u00e7\u00e3o de ferom\u00f4nios. \u00c9 chamado de fermenta\u00e7\u00e3o microbiana, e Melnick disse que tornar\u00e1 os ferom\u00f4nios dispon\u00edveis para planta\u00e7\u00f5es em linha pela primeira vez.<\/p>\n

A BioPhero est\u00e1 adaptando a fermenta\u00e7\u00e3o de levedura para produzir ferom\u00f4nios que podem proteger economicamente milho, arroz, soja e outras culturas em linha.<\/p>\n

\u201cComo os ferom\u00f4nios s\u00e3o mol\u00e9culas muito espec\u00edficas, eles s\u00e3o complexos e caros de fazer usando a rota qu\u00edmica tradicional\u201d, diz Ebbensgaard. \u201cAs enzimas na rota bioqu\u00edmica produzem ferom\u00f4nios de forma muito precisa como parte do processo biol\u00f3gico. Quando aproveitada em um ambiente de produ\u00e7\u00e3o moderno, a plataforma biol\u00f3gica pode superar a rota sint\u00e9tica em custo.\u201d<\/p>\n

Consumidores e Governos<\/h2>\n

Outros fatores que impulsionam a revolu\u00e7\u00e3o do ferom\u00f4nio incluem a crescente conscientiza\u00e7\u00e3o e preocupa\u00e7\u00e3o entre os consumidores sobre como os alimentos s\u00e3o cultivados. Symmes diz que grupos de defesa como Cuidado com a loja<\/a>, com sede em Washington, DC, est\u00e3o classificando as redes de supermercados com base em qu\u00e3o bem elas reduzem produtos qu\u00edmicos em produtos. Por sua vez, as redes de supermercados est\u00e3o pedindo aos produtores que reduzam o uso de produtos qu\u00edmicos.<\/p>\n

\"Cornelius<\/a>

Cornelius Oosthuizen, gerente t\u00e9cnico e de marketing da Koppert.<\/p><\/div>\n

\u201cH\u00e1 cada vez mais detalhes surgindo na imprensa comum expondo o lado obscuro dos pesticidas na sa\u00fade humana e o impacto ambiental, como a morte das abelhas\u201d, diz Cornelius Oosthuizen, gerente t\u00e9cnico e de marketing da Cobre<\/a>, uma empresa sediada na Holanda focada em solu\u00e7\u00f5es naturais em prote\u00e7\u00e3o de cultivos.<\/p>\n

\u201cAssim, as preocupa\u00e7\u00f5es do p\u00fablico est\u00e3o crescendo.\u201d<\/p>\n

Os governos tamb\u00e9m est\u00e3o agindo. Symmes diz que o n\u00famero de agroqu\u00edmicos restritos ou proibidos pelo governo est\u00e1 aumentando, ent\u00e3o os produtores t\u00eam menos pesticidas de amplo espectro para escolher. Enquanto isso, a Estrat\u00e9gia Farm-to-Fork do Acordo Verde Europeu pede a redu\u00e7\u00e3o do uso de pesticidas em 50% de 2020 a 2030.<\/p>\n

Oosthuizen diz que a legisla\u00e7\u00e3o sobre pesticidas na \u00c1frica do Sul mudou pouco desde 1947, mas como o setor agr\u00edcola do pa\u00eds depende das exporta\u00e7\u00f5es, ele deve estar em conformidade com os padr\u00f5es europeus.<\/p>\n

Enquanto isso, os governos est\u00e3o encorajando alternativas aos pesticidas. Ebbensgaard diz que o uso de ferom\u00f4nios foi subsidiado em alguns pa\u00edses, incluindo Espanha, Fran\u00e7a, Su\u00ed\u00e7a e Chile. Mesmo depois que os subs\u00eddios param, os fazendeiros permanecem fi\u00e9is aos ferom\u00f4nios.<\/p>\n

No entanto, especialistas concordam que os ferom\u00f4nios nunca substituir\u00e3o completamente os pesticidas, pelo menos em larga escala.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u00c0s vezes, voc\u00ea precisa parar os insetos agora mesmo\u201d, diz Melnick. \u201cVoc\u00ea n\u00e3o tem tempo para mexer com seus ciclos de acasalamento.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"Thrips<\/a>

Tripes atacam a parte inferior das folhas de plantas jovens de colza de inverno.<\/p><\/div>\n

Ebbensgaard diz que os ferom\u00f4nios s\u00e3o uma ferramenta em um sistema integrado de manejo de pragas.<\/p>\n

\u201cNo futuro, veremos um aumento no consumo de solu\u00e7\u00f5es biol\u00f3gicas e uma diminui\u00e7\u00e3o no uso de solu\u00e7\u00f5es qu\u00edmicas\u201d, diz Ebbensgaard. \u201cClaramente, quanto mais inseticida pudermos substituir por ferom\u00f4nios, melhor.\u201d<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Novos m\u00e9todos de produ\u00e7\u00e3o e aceita\u00e7\u00e3o crescente oferecem oportunidades aos fabricantes na Am\u00e9rica do Norte e na Europa.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":112,"featured_media":68592,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1786],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-68683","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biologicals"],"yoast_head":"\nThe Sweet Smell of Pheromone Success in Crop Protection - AgriBusiness Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"New production methods, growing acceptance offer manufacturers opportunities in North America and Europe.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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