{"id":68684,"date":"2022-04-10T16:58:49","date_gmt":"2022-04-10T20:58:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/?p=68684"},"modified":"2022-04-11T10:30:08","modified_gmt":"2022-04-11T14:30:08","slug":"pheromones-are-making-inroads-in-africa-albeit-slowly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/biologicals\/pheromones-are-making-inroads-in-africa-albeit-slowly\/","title":{"rendered":"Ferom\u00f4nios est\u00e3o fazendo incurs\u00f5es na \u00c1frica, embora lentamente"},"content":{"rendered":"

Quando a startup de agrotecnologia sediada nos EUA Prover<\/a> embarcou em testes de efic\u00e1cia para sua solu\u00e7\u00e3o de controle de pragas baseada em ferom\u00f4nios Pherogen SPOFR no Qu\u00eania, uma coisa estava clara. O n\u00edvel de conhecimento e uso de ferom\u00f4nios n\u00e3o apenas no Qu\u00eania, mas em toda a \u00c1frica era bem baixo.<\/p>\n

N\u00e3o \u00e9 dif\u00edcil entender o porqu\u00ea. Em toda a \u00c1frica, o uso de pesticidas convencionais tem sido o m\u00e9todo amplamente usado de prote\u00e7\u00e3o de cultivos. Na verdade, o conceito de manejo integrado de pragas est\u00e1 apenas come\u00e7ando a ganhar terreno com o uso de produtos biol\u00f3gicos de controle de pragas.<\/p>\n

Notavelmente, os ferom\u00f4nios n\u00e3o s\u00e3o inteiramente novos na \u00c1frica. Grandes agricultores na \u00c1frica do Sul e agricultores voltados para exporta\u00e7\u00e3o no Qu\u00eania, por exemplo, j\u00e1 est\u00e3o usando os compostos naturais produzidos por insetos para lidar com o crescente problema de pragas de insetos nas planta\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Armadilha de ferom\u00f4nio.<\/p><\/div>\n

Entretanto, para pequenos agricultores, os ferom\u00f4nios s\u00e3o em grande parte estranhos.<\/p>\n

\u201cA agricultura em \u00c1frica \u00e9 de subsist\u00eancia, caso em que a maioria dos agricultores n\u00e3o utiliza pr\u00e1ticas agr\u00edcolas modernas\u201d, afirma o Dr. Ivan Rwomushana, Cientista S\u00e9nior (Gest\u00e3o de Esp\u00e9cies Invasoras) no Centro Internacional de Agricultura e Bioci\u00eancias<\/a> (CABI).<\/p>\n

A CABI colaborou com a Provivi na realiza\u00e7\u00e3o de testes de ampla \u00e1rea e demonstra\u00e7\u00f5es de campo para o Pherogen SPOFR, um produto desenvolvido para combater a lagarta-do-cartucho, um inseto que est\u00e1 devastando as planta\u00e7\u00f5es de milho em toda a \u00c1frica.<\/p>\n

No ano passado, o Pherogen SPOFR obteve aprova\u00e7\u00e3o regulat\u00f3ria do Kenya's Pest Control Products Board e agora a Provivi est\u00e1 se preparando para lan\u00e7ar comercialmente. \u201cNosso objetivo \u00e9 criar valor t\u00e9cnico e econ\u00f4mico para pequenos agricultores\u201d, afirma Andres Laignelet, Global Head, Corn Projects na Provivi.<\/p>\n

Para a \u00c1frica, adotar ferom\u00f4nios \u00e9 crucial. O continente est\u00e1 lidando com o desafio de tornar a agricultura sustent\u00e1vel. De fato, considerando os impactos devastadores das mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas no setor agr\u00edcola, a \u00c1frica est\u00e1 enfrentando uma corrida contra o tempo para encontrar solu\u00e7\u00f5es tang\u00edveis n\u00e3o apenas para lidar com problemas perenes, mas tamb\u00e9m para enfrentar amea\u00e7as emergentes ao setor que s\u00e3o o sustento da maioria da popula\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Pragas de insetos agr\u00edcolas t\u00eam sido um risco constante para a agricultura. A amea\u00e7a est\u00e1 piorando com as mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas causando a prolifera\u00e7\u00e3o de novas esp\u00e9cies. A situa\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1 fadada a ficar grave com pesquisas mostrando que inunda\u00e7\u00f5es, secas e altas temperaturas induzidas pelas mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas est\u00e3o fornecendo condi\u00e7\u00f5es \u00f3timas para pragas e doen\u00e7as florescerem.<\/p>\n

De acordo com o CABI, as perdas de colheitas em pa\u00edses africanos devido a pragas de insetos s\u00e3o estimadas em 49% do rendimento total esperado da colheita anualmente. Em alguns casos, as perdas podem ser piores, incluindo a perda total de uma temporada de colheita.<\/p>\n

As perdas instigadas pela lagarta-do-cartucho, por exemplo, s\u00e3o extremamente severas. Em cerca de 12 pa\u00edses produtores de milho na \u00c1frica subsaariana, a praga tem o potencial de causar perdas de at\u00e9 17,7 milh\u00f5es de toneladas, traduzindo-se em perda de receita de quase $5 bilh\u00f5es anualmente.<\/p>\n

\"Martin

Martin van Niekerk, Diretor T\u00e9cnico e Comercial da empresa sul-africana Insect Science (Pty) Ltd.<\/p><\/div>\n

\u201cFerom\u00f4nios ou produtos biol\u00f3gicos s\u00e3o a \u00fanica maneira sustent\u00e1vel de cultivar para o futuro na \u00c1frica\u201d, diz Martin van Niekerk, Diretor T\u00e9cnico e Comercial da empresa sul-africana Insect Science (Pty) Ltd.<\/p>\n

Para garantir que os agricultores africanos, especialmente os de pequena escala, adoptem solu\u00e7\u00f5es baseadas em feromonas, empresas como a Provivi, a Insect Science, Dudutech<\/a>, Qu\u00eania Biol\u00f3gicos, Cobre<\/a>, entre outros est\u00e3o introduzindo os produtos no continente.<\/p>\n

H\u00e1 um consenso de que, embora atualmente o n\u00edvel de conhecimento e uso de ferom\u00f4nios seja extremamente baixo, um aumento, at\u00e9 mesmo uma explos\u00e3o no uso, poder\u00e1 ser testemunhado em um futuro pr\u00f3ximo.<\/p>\n

Isso ocorre porque os agricultores est\u00e3o enfrentando uma press\u00e3o cada vez maior para reduzir a depend\u00eancia de pesticidas sint\u00e9ticos devido aos seus efeitos negativos. Isso inclui aumento da resist\u00eancia, danos ao meio ambiente, danos a organismos n\u00e3o-alvo, entre outros.<\/p>\n

\"Thomas

Thomas Mason, Diretor Geral da Dudutech, com sede no Qu\u00eania.<\/p><\/div>\n

\u201cOs ferom\u00f4nios s\u00e3o uma ferramenta \u00fatil para programas de manejo integrado de pragas que visam reduzir a depend\u00eancia excessiva de pesticidas sint\u00e9ticos\u201d, explica Thomas Mason, diretor administrativo da Dudutech, sediada no Qu\u00eania.<\/p>\n

Para maior aceita\u00e7\u00e3o e uso, os agricultores africanos devem come\u00e7ar com o entendimento dos ferom\u00f4nios e seus impactos na prote\u00e7\u00e3o das planta\u00e7\u00f5es. Sendo n\u00e3o t\u00f3xicos, os ferom\u00f4nios s\u00e3o, sem d\u00favida, solu\u00e7\u00f5es poderosas para o controle de pragas de insetos nas planta\u00e7\u00f5es, evitando os impactos negativos no meio ambiente e na biodiversidade.<\/p>\n

O fato de os ferom\u00f4nios serem produzidos naturalmente por insetos os torna altamente sustent\u00e1veis, pois s\u00e3o espec\u00edficos para insetos.<\/p>\n

Embora os fabricantes e distribuidores de solu\u00e7\u00f5es baseadas em ferom\u00f4nios considerem que \u00e9 dif\u00edcil convencer pequenos agricultores a adotar novas tecnologias que eles menos entendem, o n\u00edvel de aceita\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1 aumentando, embora em um ritmo lento.<\/p>\n

\u201cPara os pequenos agricultores, o uso \u00e9 m\u00ednimo devido ao conhecimento limitado, ao alto custo percebido e tamb\u00e9m ao fato de n\u00e3o haver grande demanda por produtos livres de pesticidas pelos consumidores locais\u201d, diz Mason.<\/p>\n

A tarefa enfrentada pelos fabricantes e distribuidores de ferom\u00f4nios na \u00c1frica \u00e9 clara. Al\u00e9m de disseminar conhecimento, h\u00e1 uma necessidade de investir na produ\u00e7\u00e3o de diferentes tipos de ferom\u00f4nios para gerenciar a grande variedade de pragas. Isso ocorre porque os agricultores africanos enfrentam uma mir\u00edade de pragas diferentes devido \u00e0 natureza tropical do clima do continente.<\/p>\n

Notavelmente, a atual ado\u00e7\u00e3o lenta de ferom\u00f4nios pode n\u00e3o oferecer incentivos para fabricantes e distribuidores porque o retorno de grandes investimentos em instala\u00e7\u00f5es de produ\u00e7\u00e3o e P&D tende a ser insignificante.<\/p>\n

No estado atual, as economias de escala determinam que os produtos de ferom\u00f4nio ter\u00e3o dificuldade em competir com mol\u00e9culas convencionais, especialmente aquelas cujas patentes expiraram e agora est\u00e3o sendo produzidas de forma barata em pa\u00edses como \u00cdndia e China.<\/p>\n

\u201cCom o tempo, no entanto, isso provavelmente mudar\u00e1 com o aumento da demanda por produtos de ferom\u00f4nio\u201d, observa o Dr. Rwomushana, do CABI.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

O fato de os ferom\u00f4nios poderem funcionar em pequenas fazendas torna as embalagens pequenas vi\u00e1veis.<\/p><\/div>\n

Considerando que produtos \u00e0 base de ferom\u00f4nio n\u00e3o s\u00e3o baratos, os fabricantes devem encontrar m\u00e9todos para torn\u00e1-los mais acess\u00edveis. Uma maneira, de acordo com van Niekerk, \u00e9 a embalagem em pequena escala para pequenos agricultores para se adequar ao tamanho de suas fazendas e seus bolsos. \u201c\u00c9 assim que podemos levar a nova tecnologia at\u00e9 eles\u201d, ele diz.<\/p>\n

O fato de os ferom\u00f4nios poderem funcionar em pequenas fazendas torna as embalagens pequenas vi\u00e1veis.<\/p>\n

Testes demonstraram que a aplica\u00e7\u00e3o de ferom\u00f4nios entre muitos pequenos produtores dentro de uma determinada \u00e1rea geogr\u00e1fica pode alcan\u00e7ar os resultados desejados de causar interrup\u00e7\u00f5es suficientes no acasalamento.<\/p>\n

Outra barreira de entrada que precisa ser abordada \u00e9 o processo de registro. Atualmente, os fabricantes devem suportar longos processos de testes de \u00e1rea ampla e demonstra\u00e7\u00f5es de campo sobre efic\u00e1cia. Em alguns pa\u00edses, os testes podem levar at\u00e9 seis anos.<\/p>\n

Apesar dos desafios enfrentados pelos ferom\u00f4nios na \u00c1frica, as oportunidades no continente s\u00e3o substanciais.<\/p>\n

O fato de as mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas estarem instigando a prolifera\u00e7\u00e3o da din\u00e2mica populacional de pragas significa que o continente precisa de solu\u00e7\u00f5es sustent\u00e1veis para prevenir e controlar as popula\u00e7\u00f5es cada vez maiores de pragas.<\/p>\n

Al\u00e9m disso, o crescente desafio da resist\u00eancia crescente aos pesticidas e as restri\u00e7\u00f5es de mercado, incluindo proibi\u00e7\u00f5es de pesticidas qu\u00edmicos, certamente for\u00e7ar\u00e3o os agricultores a buscar medidas alternativas de controle de pragas.<\/p>\n

Al\u00e9m disso, para os fabricantes, as similaridades nos padr\u00f5es clim\u00e1ticos na maioria dos pa\u00edses oferecem oportunidades de abrir canais de distribui\u00e7\u00e3o em diferentes mercados. A Insect Science, por exemplo, j\u00e1 est\u00e1 em sete pa\u00edses, enquanto a Provivi pretende usar o Qu\u00eania como um campo de lan\u00e7amento antes de explorar oportunidades em outros pa\u00edses.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A falta de demanda por alimentos livres de pesticidas e uma compreens\u00e3o limitada dessas solu\u00e7\u00f5es naturais, especialmente entre pequenos produtores, t\u00eam dificultado o crescimento do ferom\u00f4nio.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":112,"featured_media":68596,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1786],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-68684","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biologicals"],"yoast_head":"\nPheromones Are Making Inroads in Africa, Albeit Slowly - AgriBusiness Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Lack of demand for pesticide free food and a limited understanding of these natural solutions, particularly among small-scale growers, have hindered pheromone growth.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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