{"id":73219,"date":"2023-09-15T15:03:03","date_gmt":"2023-09-15T19:03:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/?p=73219"},"modified":"2023-09-17T10:24:52","modified_gmt":"2023-09-17T14:24:52","slug":"is-this-the-end-of-citrus-greening","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/agrochemicals\/is-this-the-end-of-citrus-greening\/","title":{"rendered":"Este \u00e9 o fim do greening dos c\u00edtricos?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Citrus

O produtor de frutas c\u00edtricas David Evans (\u00e0 esquerda) inspeciona os danos a um pomar na Fl\u00f3rida junto com o Dr. Dennis Warkentin da Bayer. Cr\u00e9dito da foto: Bayer<\/p><\/div>\n

Em 2004, o USDA estimou que a Fl\u00f3rida produziu 242 milh\u00f5es de caixas de todas as variedades de laranjas. Um ano depois, esse n\u00famero caiu para pouco menos de 129 milh\u00f5es de caixas e continuou a diminuir para 41 milh\u00f5es de caixas em 2022. Embora haja uma s\u00e9rie de causas para o decl\u00ednio, nenhuma tem sido mais noticiada do que greening c\u00edtrico<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Enquanto multinacionais e outras empresas qu\u00edmicas de prote\u00e7\u00e3o de cultivos buscam uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o, um novo produto est\u00e1 dando o primeiro passo para combater o greening dos c\u00edtricos. A Invaio anunciou o Departamento de Agricultura e Servi\u00e7os ao Consumidor da Fl\u00f3rida<\/a> (FDACS) aprovou o primeiro registro da empresa Trecho<\/a> tecnologia para fornecer o ArborBiotic da Invaio para a supress\u00e3o do greening c\u00edtrico em laranjas.<\/p>\n

David Gerrard, Chefe Comercial dos EUA, Ci\u00eancias Invaio<\/a>, diz, \u201cOs antimicrobianos que estamos usando agora n\u00e3o eliminam as bact\u00e9rias da \u00e1rvore. Eles as suprimem.\u201d<\/p>\n

Essa supress\u00e3o pode ajudar a restaurar uma ind\u00fastria que custou bilh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares aos produtores do mundo todo.<\/p>\n

O greening dos citros, tamb\u00e9m chamado de HLB (Huanglongbing \u2013 doen\u00e7a do drag\u00e3o amarelo), \u00e9 transmitido pelo psil\u00eddeo asi\u00e1tico dos citros (Diaphorina citri)<\/em>, que carrega o Liberibacter<\/em> bact\u00e9rias que invadem o sistema vascular de uma \u00e1rvore. De acordo com Servi\u00e7o de Inspe\u00e7\u00e3o de Sa\u00fade Animal e Vegetal do USDA<\/a>: \u201cOs sintomas de \u00e1rvores infectadas por HLB incluem folhas manchadas e mosqueadas, crescimento atrofiado, tamanho reduzido de frutos, queda prematura de frutos, nervuras corky e decl\u00ednio de ra\u00edzes. O HLB eventualmente causa a morte da \u00e1rvore.\u201d<\/p>\n

De acordo com o USDA, a doen\u00e7a foi detectada pela primeira vez na Fl\u00f3rida em 2005 e se espalhou pelas \u00e1reas produtoras de frutas c\u00edtricas do estado, reduzindo a produ\u00e7\u00e3o em 75% e mais que dobrando o custo de produ\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Em 2008, o HLB foi detectado na Louisiana, e em 2009, a doen\u00e7a foi detectada na Ge\u00f3rgia e na Carolina do Sul. Em 2012, o HLB foi detectado no Texas e em \u00e1reas residenciais da Calif\u00f3rnia. O greening c\u00edtrico tamb\u00e9m foi encontrado em muitos pa\u00edses produtores de c\u00edtricos ao redor do mundo, incluindo Brasil, China, leste e sul da \u00c1frica, subcontinente indiano, Maur\u00edcio, pen\u00ednsula da Ar\u00e1bia Saudita e sudeste da \u00c1sia.<\/p>\n

Encontrando uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Como milh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares foram investidos na pesquisa de um tratamento eficaz, a dificuldade est\u00e1 em estudar a Liberibacter<\/em> bact\u00e9ria, que causa a doen\u00e7a.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00e3o pode ser cultivado em um prato porque o prato n\u00e3o \u00e9 semelhante o suficiente ao ambiente do floema\u201d, diz o Dr. Kurt Ristroph, professor assistente, em Departamento de Engenharia Agr\u00edcola e Biol\u00f3gica da Universidade Purdue<\/a>. At\u00e9 o momento, a solu\u00e7\u00e3o mais eficaz tem sido remover as \u00e1rvores infectadas.<\/p>\n

O tratamento da Invaio, Trecise, pode ser usado em \u00e1rvores produtivas e n\u00e3o produtivas com um di\u00e2metro de copa de 0,4 a 6 polegadas.<\/p>\n

Diferentemente dos tratamentos convencionais de inje\u00e7\u00e3o, o tratamento usa um sistema minimamente invasivo para inocular \u00e1rvores jovens com pequenas quantidades de ingrediente ativo a serem administradas diretamente no sistema vascular da \u00e1rvore.<\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00e3o \u00e9 mais uma ideia maluca\u201d, diz Gerrard. \u201c\u00c9 o que as pessoas est\u00e3o esperando. E a raz\u00e3o \u00e9 que n\u00e3o estamos eliminando as bact\u00e9rias da \u00e1rvore. Estamos apenas administrando isso agora mesmo com o ativo que temos.\u201d<\/p>\n

A pesquisa da Invaio em \u00e1rvores produtivas mostra que os testes de inje\u00e7\u00e3o t\u00eam um aumento m\u00e9dio de rendimento de 30% em compara\u00e7\u00e3o ao controle ap\u00f3s apenas um tratamento. Espera-se que os rendimentos aumentem ainda mais ap\u00f3s tratamentos consecutivos, \u00e0 medida que a \u00e1rvore continua a se recuperar dos efeitos do HLB. No segundo ano de um teste de 2 anos, a pesquisa mostrou um aumento m\u00e9dio de rendimento de 115% em compara\u00e7\u00e3o ao controle. As \u00e1rvores tratadas tamb\u00e9m produziram 22% a mais de frutos colh\u00edveis e 19% a menos de queda de frutos, e um teor m\u00e9dio de BRIX 5% mais alto (uma medida de a\u00e7\u00facares totais).<\/p>\n

A TriYield, sediada em Arcadia, Fl\u00f3rida, vem usando Aqua-Rendimento<\/a> solu\u00e7\u00e3o nanol\u00edquida para tratar \u00e1rvores infectadas com zinco e \u00e1cido indol ac\u00e9tico, o que resultou em menos queda de frutos.<\/p>\n

\u201cGra\u00e7as \u00e0 nossa parceria com a TriYield, nossa distribuidora na Fl\u00f3rida, temos produtores que est\u00e3o se aproximando de uma d\u00e9cada de uso da nossa tecnologia\u201d, diz Landon Bunderson, Diretor de Ci\u00eancia da Aqua-Yield. \u201cAno ap\u00f3s ano, esses produtores est\u00e3o usando a tecnologia para impulsionar uma boa frutifica\u00e7\u00e3o e descargas saud\u00e1veis regulares, melhorando a absor\u00e7\u00e3o de c\u00e1lcio e pot\u00e1ssio, bem como outros nutrientes como f\u00f3sforo e nitrog\u00eanio.<\/p>\n

\u201cPara combater a infec\u00e7\u00e3o diretamente, a tecnologia Aqua-Yield demonstrou melhorar a absor\u00e7\u00e3o de oxitetraciclina, que atua diretamente na bact\u00e9ria para interromper seu crescimento e dissemina\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d, ele continua.<\/p>\n

Tratamento futuro<\/strong><\/h2>\n

A dissemina\u00e7\u00e3o da doen\u00e7a significa que as \u00e1rvores tratadas provavelmente ser\u00e3o reinfectadas e precisar\u00e3o de inje\u00e7\u00f5es adicionais. Espera-se que a solu\u00e7\u00e3o Invaio exija inje\u00e7\u00f5es regulares.<\/p>\n

\u201cMesmo que voc\u00ea mate todas as bact\u00e9rias em uma \u00e1rvore espec\u00edfica, ela provavelmente ainda estar\u00e1 em um bosque de \u00e1rvores doentes onde a doen\u00e7a do greening c\u00edtrico \u00e9 end\u00eamica\u201d, diz Ristroph. \u201cMesmo que voc\u00ea cure todas as \u00e1rvores do bosque, ela ainda pode vir e potencialmente reinfectar uma \u00e1rvore. V\u00e1rios tratamentos provavelmente s\u00e3o necess\u00e1rios ao longo dos anos.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ristroph destaca outro motivo pelo qual tem sido dif\u00edcil tratar esta doen\u00e7a.<\/p>\n

\u201cA doen\u00e7a vive profundamente dentro dessas \u00e1rvores, ent\u00e3o atravessar todas as barreiras fisiol\u00f3gicas para chegar ao local da infec\u00e7\u00e3o com um antibi\u00f3tico \u00e9 um grande desafio\u201d, diz ele.<\/p>\n

Pesquisa em andamento<\/strong><\/h2>\n

A pesquisa sobre o tratamento est\u00e1 em andamento desde que foi descoberto pela primeira vez em 1919 na China. Em agosto de 2017, A Bayer iniciou uma parceria com a Citrus Research and Development Foundation (CRDF)<\/a> que reuniu pesquisadores acad\u00eamicos e o setor privado. Essa equipe recebeu uma bolsa de $10 milh\u00f5es do USDA National Institute of Food and Ag Emergency Citrus Disease Research and Extension para financiar um estudo de dois anos com um adicional de $5 milh\u00f5es dispon\u00edvel para um terceiro ano.<\/p>\n

Outras pesquisas est\u00e3o acontecendo na Calif\u00f3rnia. Embora a doen\u00e7a ainda n\u00e3o tenha sido encontrada em um bosque comercial na Calif\u00f3rnia, em 2020, Hailing Jin, um pesquisador da University of California Riverside (UCR) descobriu um pept\u00eddeo que suprime os efeitos da doen\u00e7a em \u00e1rvores infectadas. A UCR est\u00e1 trabalhando com o sistema de inje\u00e7\u00e3o da Invaio para tratar a doen\u00e7a.<\/p>\n

A ind\u00fastria c\u00edtrica dos EUA est\u00e1 avaliada em mais de $3,3 bilh\u00f5es. Programa de Pesquisa e Extens\u00e3o de Emerg\u00eancia sobre Doen\u00e7as dos Citros<\/a>, uma divis\u00e3o do USDA, desenvolveu um programa de subs\u00eddios de $22 milh\u00f5es para o ano fiscal de 2023, por meio do qual os projetos de pesquisa aprovados podem variar entre $350.000 e $15 milh\u00f5es. No ano fiscal de 2022, o programa financiou 13 projetos de pesquisa diferentes.<\/p>\n

O programa financia tr\u00eas tipos de projetos:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Projetos Padr\u00e3o (PE):<\/strong> Elas d\u00e3o suporte a esfor\u00e7os direcionados de resolu\u00e7\u00e3o de problemas que s\u00e3o mais restritos em escopo.<\/li>\n
  2. Redes de Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o (RC):<\/strong> Elas facilitam um maior compartilhamento dos resultados da pesquisa do HLB em n\u00edvel nacional, estadual e internacional.<\/li>\n
  3. Projetos Agr\u00edcolas Coordenados (PAC):<\/strong> Elas abordam esfor\u00e7os em escala nacional por meio da coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de esfor\u00e7os de pesquisa e extens\u00e3o entre equipes multiestaduais\/multiinstitucionais.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    A Fl\u00f3rida pode ser o epicentro do greening c\u00edtrico, mas certamente n\u00e3o \u00e9 a \u00fanica \u00e1rea produtora de c\u00edtricos sofrendo com a doen\u00e7a. De acordo com Fundecitrus<\/a> (Citrus Defense Fund), uma organiza\u00e7\u00e3o privada sediada em S\u00e3o Paulo, Brasil, que viu um crescimento de 56% de greening c\u00edtrico em suas principais regi\u00f5es produtoras de laranja \u2013 partes dos estados de S\u00e3o Paulo e Minas Gerais \u2013 e agora infecta 38% de \u00e1rvores.<\/p>\n

    A doen\u00e7a foi identificada pela primeira vez em 2004 e o governo emitiu uma diretiva em 2008.<\/p>\n

    \u201cConforme a Instru\u00e7\u00e3o Normativa n\u00ba 53, publicada pelo Minist\u00e9rio da Agricultura em outubro de 2008, o produtor deve inspecionar e eliminar plantas com greening\u201d, conforme nota do Fundecitrus. \u201cAs inspe\u00e7\u00f5es devem ser realizadas no m\u00ednimo a cada tr\u00eas meses e os resultados enviados \u00e0 Secretaria Estadual de Agricultura e Abastecimento por meio de relat\u00f3rios semestrais. Parcelas com incid\u00eancia superior a 28% de plantas com sintomas devem ser completamente eliminadas.\u201d<\/p>\n

    Eliminar \u00e1rvores infectadas tem sido uma das poucas solu\u00e7\u00f5es para limitar o impacto das doen\u00e7as. Pesquisadores continuam a investigar novas solu\u00e7\u00f5es e oferecer novas abordagens para combater a doen\u00e7a.<\/p>\n

    Por sua vez, Syngenta<\/a> sugere uma abordagem dupla.<\/p>\n

    A empresa tem incentivado os produtores a alternar entre neonicotinoides aplicados no solo e aplica\u00e7\u00f5es foliares de inseticidas usando diferentes modos de a\u00e7\u00e3o. Os neonicotinoides, como o inseticida Platinum 75 SG da Syngenta, usam o ingrediente ativo tiametoxam e devem ser aplicados a cada seis semanas.<\/p>\n

    Al\u00e9m disso, a empresa recomenda implementar um programa de tratamento de sa\u00fade radicular com o fungicida Ridomil Gold SL. O Ridomil Gold tem atividade fungicida direta contra a doen\u00e7a da podrid\u00e3o radicular Phytophthora. As ra\u00edzes absorvem rapidamente o fungicida, que \u00e9 ent\u00e3o translocado por todo o sistema radicular, promovendo a sa\u00fade radicular e o desenvolvimento da cultura.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Novo sistema suprime a doen\u00e7a que devastou a ind\u00fastria de laranja da Fl\u00f3rida e amea\u00e7a frutas c\u00edtricas em todo o mundo. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":112,"featured_media":73221,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,26,28,18,5],"tags":[1580,54],"class_list":["post-73219","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agrochemicals","category-americas","category-asia","category-fungicides","category-markets","tag-citrus-greening","tag-featured-home"],"yoast_head":"\nIs This the End of Citrus Greening? - AgriBusiness Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"New system suppresses the disease that has devastated Florida\u2019s orange industry and threatens citrus fruits around the world.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/agrochemicals\/is-this-the-end-of-citrus-greening\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Is This the End of Citrus Greening? 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