{"id":76912,"date":"2024-08-01T10:05:05","date_gmt":"2024-08-01T14:05:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/?p=76912"},"modified":"2024-08-01T10:05:05","modified_gmt":"2024-08-01T14:05:05","slug":"breakthrough-in-plant-disease-new-enzyme-could-lead-to-anti-bacterial-pesticides","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/agrochemicals\/fungicides\/breakthrough-in-plant-disease-new-enzyme-could-lead-to-anti-bacterial-pesticides\/","title":{"rendered":"Avan\u00e7o em doen\u00e7as de plantas: nova enzima pode levar a pesticidas antibacterianos"},"content":{"rendered":"

Doen\u00e7as de plantas representam desafios significativos para a produtividade agr\u00edcola, apresentando obst\u00e1culos formid\u00e1veis que exigem aten\u00e7\u00e3o urgente. Se n\u00e3o forem controladas, essas doen\u00e7as podem se espalhar rapidamente, causando danos generalizados \u00e0s planta\u00e7\u00f5es e levando \u00e0 redu\u00e7\u00e3o de rendimentos e perdas econ\u00f4micas substanciais. Portanto, identificar com precis\u00e3o os pat\u00f3genos respons\u00e1veis por essas doen\u00e7as \u00e9 crucial. Essa identifica\u00e7\u00e3o permite interven\u00e7\u00f5es direcionadas que minimizam os riscos e efetivamente mitigam os impactos agr\u00edcolas.<\/p>\n

Xanthomonas<\/em> esp\u00e9cies s\u00e3o pat\u00f3genos de plantas not\u00f3rios que afetam um amplo espectro de hospedeiros, incluindo culturas importantes como arroz, trigo e tomate. Esses pat\u00f3genos aumentam sua patogenicidade utilizando \u03b1-1,6-ciclizada \u03b2-1,2-glucohexadecaose (C\u03b2G16\u03b1) para suprimir mecanismos essenciais de defesa da planta, como a express\u00e3o de prote\u00ednas relacionadas \u00e0 patog\u00eanese e o ac\u00famulo de calose.<\/p>\n

Em um avan\u00e7o recente publicado em 19 de junho de 2024, no Jornal da Sociedade Qu\u00edmica Americana<\/em><\/a>, uma equipe de pesquisadores liderada pelo Professor Associado Masahiro Nakajima da Universidade de Ci\u00eancias de T\u00f3quio revelou uma descoberta significativa. Eles identificaram XccOpgD, uma hidrolase glicos\u00eddica (GH186) encontrada em X. campestris pv campestris<\/em> que desempenha um papel fundamental na bioss\u00edntese de C\u03b2G16\u03b1. A equipe de pesquisa tamb\u00e9m incluiu o Sr. Sei Motouchi da Universidade de Ci\u00eancia de T\u00f3quio, o Cientista Principal Shiro Komba do Instituto de Pesquisa de Alimentos, NARO, e Hiroyuki Nakai da Universidade de Niigata.<\/p>\n

\u201cAs estruturas de glicanos s\u00e3o intrincadas e multifacetadas e cumprem diversos pap\u00e9is cruciais na natureza e nos organismos. As enzimas sintetizam e degradam glicanos, exibindo diversas estruturas e fun\u00e7\u00f5es que correspondem \u00e0 diversidade de glicanos. No entanto, nossa compreens\u00e3o dessas enzimas ainda \u00e9 limitada, o que impulsiona a busca por novas enzimas com novos potenciais variados\u201d, explica o Prof. Nakajima, elaborando a justificativa do estudo.<\/p>\n

A equipe conduziu an\u00e1lises bioqu\u00edmicas para elucidar o papel de XccOpgD na bioss\u00edntese de C\u03b2G16\u03b1. T\u00e9cnicas avan\u00e7adas como cristalografia de raios X foram empregadas como an\u00e1lise estrutural para desvendar o mecanismo catal\u00edtico da enzima e a especificidade do substrato.<\/p>\n

Esses esfor\u00e7os renderam insights profundos. XccOpgD pertence \u00e0 fam\u00edlia GH186, essencial para regular os componentes da parede celular bacteriana. Diferentemente das primeiras enzimas GH186 identificadas, XccOpgD exibe um mecanismo enzim\u00e1tico sem precedentes conhecido como transglicosila\u00e7\u00e3o invertida de an\u00f4mero.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Cientistas identificaram o composto c\u00edclico como C\u03b2G16\u03b1. Cr\u00e9dito da imagem: Masahiro Nakajima da Universidade de Ci\u00eancia de T\u00f3quio<\/p><\/div>\n

\u201cRea\u00e7\u00f5es de enzimas GH t\u00edpicas s\u00e3o classificadas em quatro tipos por combina\u00e7\u00e3o de reten\u00e7\u00e3o ou invers\u00e3o, e rea\u00e7\u00e3o com \u00e1gua (hidr\u00f3lise) ou a\u00e7\u00facar (transglicosila\u00e7\u00e3o) teoricamente. No entanto, uma classifica\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1 faltando de alguma forma em uma longa hist\u00f3ria de pesquisas sobre enzimas associadas a carboidratos e descobrimos a classifica\u00e7\u00e3o ausente. Essa descoberta foi poss\u00edvel devido ao ambiente estrutural \u00fanico, abrindo novas possibilidades para a glicosila\u00e7\u00e3o baseada em enzimas\u201d, explica o Prof. Nakajima. Al\u00e9m disso, as cadeias de a\u00e7\u00facar sintetizadas por esse mecanismo n\u00e3o s\u00e3o meramente componentes menores, mas sim estruturas essenciais utilizadas por v\u00e1rias bact\u00e9rias Gram-negativas na natureza para fins patog\u00eanicos.<\/p>\n

Estudos detalhados revelaram que o \u03b2-1,2-glucano linear foi convertido em composto c\u00edclico e o composto foi identificado como C\u03b2G16\u03b1 usando resson\u00e2ncia magn\u00e9tica nuclear. A an\u00e1lise estrutural do complexo de Michaelis identificou res\u00edduos cruciais de liga\u00e7\u00e3o ao substrato, elucidando ainda mais intera\u00e7\u00f5es espec\u00edficas ao longo da cadeia de glucano. Notavelmente, XccOpgD utiliza um mecanismo de transglicosila\u00e7\u00e3o de invers\u00e3o de an\u00f4mero, com D379 e D291 desempenhando pap\u00e9is essenciais como catalisadores.<\/p>\n

Essas descobertas aprofundam nossa compreens\u00e3o e abrem caminhos para o desenvolvimento de estrat\u00e9gias direcionadas contra doen\u00e7as de plantas induzidas por Xanthomonas. \u201cEstamos esperando um conceito de pesticida visando esse hom\u00f3logo de enzima no futuro. Ao contr\u00e1rio dos fungicidas que promovem o surgimento de bact\u00e9rias resistentes a medicamentos no solo, atingir essa enzima poderia potencialmente inibir a patogenicidade sem causar esteriliza\u00e7\u00e3o. Os hom\u00f3logos de enzimas identificados neste estudo podem servir como alvos promissores de medicamentos baseados em estrutura, oferecendo uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o potencial para o problema de bact\u00e9rias resistentes a medicamentos\u201d, diz um esperan\u00e7oso Prof. Nakajima.<\/p>\n

A descoberta de XccOpgD e seu papel na bioss\u00edntese de C\u03b2G16\u03b1 marca um grande avan\u00e7o na agricultura. Ele promete maior resili\u00eancia e seguran\u00e7a alimentar, ao mesmo tempo em que atenua os impactos ambientais ligados a pesticidas convencionais. No geral, esse avan\u00e7o oferece solu\u00e7\u00f5es sustent\u00e1veis para os desafios agr\u00edcolas globais, promovendo a administra\u00e7\u00e3o ambiental e a viabilidade econ\u00f4mica para agricultores em todo o mundo.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Cientistas descobrem o papel do XccOpgD no aumento da patogenicidade da Xanthomonas. Cr\u00e9dito da imagem: Masahiro Nakajima da Universidade de Ci\u00eancias de T\u00f3quio<\/p><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pesquisadores descobrem o papel crucial da enzima OpgD no aumento da patogenicidade da Xanthomonas.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":110,"featured_media":76916,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1786,18,489],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-76912","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biologicals","category-fungicides","category-industry-news"],"yoast_head":"\nBreakthrough in Plant Disease: New Enzyme Could Lead to Anti-Bacterial Pesticides - AgriBusiness Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers uncover the crucial role of OpgD enzyme in enhancing Xanthomonas pathogenicity.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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