{"id":79369,"date":"2025-05-19T09:57:45","date_gmt":"2025-05-19T13:57:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/?p=79369"},"modified":"2025-05-21T09:01:28","modified_gmt":"2025-05-21T13:01:28","slug":"balancing-policy-science-and-trade-pmfai-on-the-future-of-chlorpyrifos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/agrochemicals\/insecticides\/balancing-policy-science-and-trade-pmfai-on-the-future-of-chlorpyrifos\/","title":{"rendered":"Equilibrando Pol\u00edtica, Ci\u00eancia e Com\u00e9rcio: PMFAI sobre o Futuro do Clorpirif\u00f3s"},"content":{"rendered":"

Em uma entrevista recente com Agroneg\u00f3cio Global<\/em>, Pradip Dave, Presidente da Associa\u00e7\u00e3o de Fabricantes e Formuladores de Pesticidas da \u00cdndia (PMFAI),<\/a> discute o que o isen\u00e7\u00e3o de cinco anos para clorpirif\u00f3s<\/a> meios para o setor agroqu\u00edmico da \u00cdndia, como ele poderia remodelar os mercados globais \u2014 especialmente em pa\u00edses em desenvolvimento \u2014 e o papel do PMFAI na promo\u00e7\u00e3o do gerenciamento seguro, respons\u00e1vel e baseado em evid\u00eancias de pesticidas.<\/p>\n

ABG: O que a isen\u00e7\u00e3o de cinco anos para o uso de clorpirif\u00f3s significa para a ind\u00fastria agroqu\u00edmica indiana? Como voc\u00ea v\u00ea o impacto disso nos mercados globais, especialmente nos pa\u00edses em desenvolvimento?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Aparna Bhasin:<\/strong> A isen\u00e7\u00e3o de cinco anos permite o uso cont\u00ednuo de clorpirif\u00f3s na \u00cdndia, de acordo com o r\u00f3tulo aprovado pelo CIB&RC, do Minist\u00e9rio da Agricultura do Governo da \u00cdndia, pelos pr\u00f3ximos cinco anos (ou at\u00e9 novo aviso do Governo da \u00cdndia).<\/p>\n

Espera-se que a produ\u00e7\u00e3o cont\u00ednua de clorpirif\u00f3s pela \u00cdndia tenha um impacto significativo no mercado global, especialmente nos pa\u00edses em desenvolvimento. O pa\u00eds fabricar\u00e1 clorpirif\u00f3s t\u00e9cnico e em formula\u00e7\u00f5es para uso dom\u00e9stico e exportar\u00e1 para pa\u00edses desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento, incluindo EUA, Austr\u00e1lia, Brasil, Paraguai, Qu\u00eania, R\u00fassia, Z\u00e2mbia, Camar\u00f5es, Uruguai, Costa Rica, Indon\u00e9sia e outros. Esses pa\u00edses poder\u00e3o continuar a utilizar clorpirif\u00f3s na agricultura, sa\u00fade animal, controle de gafanhotos, preven\u00e7\u00e3o de cupins em funda\u00e7\u00f5es de edif\u00edcios, tratamento de madeira e muito mais, de acordo com seus r\u00f3tulos aprovados e regulamenta\u00e7\u00f5es nacionais.<\/p>\n

ABG: Como a PMFAI est\u00e1 trabalhando com o governo indiano e parceiros internacionais para garantir que o uso cont\u00ednuo de clorpirif\u00f3s seja gerenciado de forma respons\u00e1vel e alinhado aos padr\u00f5es ambientais globais?<\/strong><\/p>\n

AB: <\/strong>As empresas associadas da PMFAI atuam na fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o e formula\u00e7\u00e3o de clorpirif\u00f3s para uso dom\u00e9stico e exporta\u00e7\u00e3o. Na \u00cdndia, a PMFAI trabalha em estreita colabora\u00e7\u00e3o com o Governo Indiano para apoiar o desenvolvimento de diretrizes regulat\u00f3rias, garantir aprova\u00e7\u00f5es em tempo h\u00e1bil e facilitar a atualiza\u00e7\u00e3o de r\u00f3tulos, bulas e embalagens de produtos \u2014 tudo isso visando proteger a sa\u00fade humana, os animais e o meio ambiente.<\/p>\n

A PMFAI tamb\u00e9m est\u00e1 comprometida em treinar agricultores e usu\u00e1rios finais sobre o manuseio e a aplica\u00e7\u00e3o seguros de clorpirif\u00f3s e distribuir\u00e1 equipamentos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o individual (EPI) para minimizar a exposi\u00e7\u00e3o a pesticidas. A PMFAI tamb\u00e9m colabora com associa\u00e7\u00f5es parceiras de pesticidas na \u00cdndia, \u00c1sia e pa\u00edses africanos para promover boas pr\u00e1ticas agr\u00edcolas (BPA) e apoiar a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de alimentos seguros, abordando desafios cr\u00edticos de sa\u00fade e meio ambiente globais.<\/p>\n

ABG: Com o manejo da resist\u00eancia citado como uma justificativa importante, como o PMFAI planeja dar suporte aos agricultores na implementa\u00e7\u00e3o de estrat\u00e9gias de manejo integrado de pragas (MIP) que incluam clorpirif\u00f3s, minimizando ao mesmo tempo a resist\u00eancia futura?<\/strong><\/p>\n

AB: <\/strong>As empresas associadas \u00e0 PMFAI promovem ativamente o manejo integrado de culturas (MIC), o manejo integrado de pragas (MIP) e o manejo integrado de resist\u00eancia (MIR) em toda a \u00cdndia. Reconhecemos que o MIR \u00e9 espec\u00edfico para cada regi\u00e3o, enquanto o MIP deve ser adaptado a locais espec\u00edficos, dada a vasta extens\u00e3o do pa\u00eds, a diversidade de sistemas de cultivo e a preval\u00eancia de insetos-praga, doen\u00e7as e plantas daninhas durante todo o ano, mesmo em condi\u00e7\u00f5es clim\u00e1ticas vari\u00e1veis.<\/p>\n

O clorpirif\u00f3s tem servido h\u00e1 muito tempo como primeira linha de defesa no ciclo das culturas \u2014 usado no tratamento do solo, tratamento de sementes, pulveriza\u00e7\u00f5es foliares e irriga\u00e7\u00e3o \u2014 para proporcionar controle de amplo espectro de pragas de insetos e reduzir popula\u00e7\u00f5es abaixo do n\u00edvel econ\u00f4mico. Ele \u00e9 integrado a medidas adicionais de controle, como biopesticidas, produtos biol\u00f3gicos e outras estrat\u00e9gias localizadas. Muitos inseticidas rec\u00e9m-introduzidos s\u00e3o propensos ao r\u00e1pido desenvolvimento de resist\u00eancia e podem exercer press\u00e3o de sele\u00e7\u00e3o sobre pragas secund\u00e1rias, que podem ent\u00e3o emergir como pragas principais, levando a surtos e perdas econ\u00f4micas.<\/p>\n

Inseticidas convencionais como o clorpirif\u00f3s s\u00e3o recomendados para uma a duas aplica\u00e7\u00f5es por ciclo de cultivo para auxiliar no controle de pragas de amplo espectro, auxiliar no manejo da resist\u00eancia e estender a efic\u00e1cia de outros grupos de inseticidas. Notavelmente, ap\u00f3s mais de quatro a cinco d\u00e9cadas de uso na \u00cdndia, n\u00e3o h\u00e1 casos documentados de desenvolvimento de resist\u00eancia ao clorpirif\u00f3s, tornando-o uma ferramenta valiosa dentro da estrutura de Gest\u00e3o Integrada de Pragas (GIR) para o benef\u00edcio de agricultores e usu\u00e1rios finais.<\/p>\n

ABG: Quais s\u00e3o as expectativas da PMFAI para o desenvolvimento ou registro de alternativas vi\u00e1veis e econ\u00f4micas durante o per\u00edodo de isen\u00e7\u00e3o de cinco anos \u2014 e qual papel as partes interessadas internacionais podem desempenhar nessa transi\u00e7\u00e3o?<\/strong><\/p>\n

AB:<\/strong> A PMFAI tem incentivado suas empresas associadas a desenvolver e promover estrat\u00e9gias de mistura em tanque, bem como combina\u00e7\u00f5es pr\u00e9-misturadas de dois a tr\u00eas produtos, para ajudar a retardar a resist\u00eancia e a resist\u00eancia cruzada. A associa\u00e7\u00e3o submeteu diretrizes regulat\u00f3rias ao CIB&RC para revis\u00e3o e aprova\u00e7\u00e3o, defendendo o uso de formula\u00e7\u00f5es de embalagens duplas\/m\u00faltiplas e misturas em tanque com 2 a 3 pesticidas. Durante o per\u00edodo de isen\u00e7\u00e3o de cinco anos, a PMFAI continuar\u00e1 a promover o uso criterioso de pesticidas e a desencorajar aplica\u00e7\u00f5es desnecess\u00e1rias.<\/p>\n

Incentiva-se as partes interessadas nacionais e internacionais a desenvolver, registrar e lan\u00e7ar produtos alternativos vi\u00e1veis e economicamente vi\u00e1veis na \u00cdndia. Esses esfor\u00e7os devem levar em considera\u00e7\u00e3o as pequenas e m\u00e9dias propriedades rurais do pa\u00eds e os principais desafios relacionados a pragas, utilizando as vias regulat\u00f3rias flex\u00edveis previstas nas Se\u00e7\u00f5es 9(3) TIM & FIM e 9(4) TIM & FIM para fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o t\u00e9cnica e de formula\u00e7\u00f5es nacionais, ou nas Se\u00e7\u00f5es 9(3) e 9(4) para importa\u00e7\u00f5es t\u00e9cnicas, conforme aplic\u00e1vel.<\/p>\n

ABG: Como voc\u00ea responde \u00e0s cr\u00edticas de ONGs e da m\u00eddia internacional de que o uso cont\u00ednuo de clorpirif\u00f3s prejudica os esfor\u00e7os globais para reduzir poluentes org\u00e2nicos persistentes (POPs), e quais medidas est\u00e3o sendo tomadas para combater a desinforma\u00e7\u00e3o e promover a formula\u00e7\u00e3o de pol\u00edticas baseadas na ci\u00eancia?<\/strong><\/p>\n

AB: Organiza\u00e7\u00f5es n\u00e3o governamentais (ONGs) e a m\u00eddia internacional intensificaram seu foco no clorpirif\u00f3s ap\u00f3s a Uni\u00e3o Europeia (UE) se recusar a renovar sua aprova\u00e7\u00e3o por volta de 2020. A PMFAI observa que, embora o clorpirif\u00f3s tenha sido amplamente fabricado e utilizado no Ocidente por d\u00e9cadas, ele n\u00e3o era anteriormente classificado como poluente org\u00e2nico persistente (POP), nem sinalizado para bioacumula\u00e7\u00e3o, toxicidade ou transporte de longa dist\u00e2ncia (LRT). No entanto, ap\u00f3s sua elimina\u00e7\u00e3o gradual, a UE apoiou sua inclus\u00e3o no Anexo A da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o de Estocolmo e no Anexo III da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o de Roterd\u00e3 \u2014 medidas que a PMFAI acredita terem sido influenciadas por interesses comerciais que promoviam pesticidas alternativos e potencialmente mais perigosos, produzidos por corpora\u00e7\u00f5es multinacionais (EMNs).<\/p>\n

Segundo a PMFAI, o clima tropical da \u00cdndia desempenha um papel fundamental no comportamento ambiental do clorpirif\u00f3s. Dados nacionais sugerem que a subst\u00e2ncia se degrada rapidamente devido a altas temperaturas (variando de 10 \u00b0C a mais de 50 \u00b0C), minimizando os riscos de persist\u00eancia e bioacumula\u00e7\u00e3o. Al\u00e9m disso, as condi\u00e7\u00f5es clim\u00e1ticas da \u00cdndia tornam o transporte de longa dist\u00e2ncia para as regi\u00f5es \u00e1rticas altamente improv\u00e1vel. Se forem detectados res\u00edduos nessas regi\u00f5es, a PMFAI argumenta que \u00e9 mais prov\u00e1vel que sejam origin\u00e1rios de pa\u00edses de zonas temperadas, como os da UE ou do Canad\u00e1. Notavelmente, os EUA continuam a permitir o uso de clorpirif\u00f3s em aplica\u00e7\u00f5es agr\u00edcolas e n\u00e3o agr\u00edcolas, sob os r\u00f3tulos aprovados pela EPA dos EUA.<\/p>\n

O PMFAI enfatiza a necessidade de formula\u00e7\u00e3o de pol\u00edticas com base cient\u00edfica<\/strong>, em contraste com o que considera campanhas impulsionadas por ONGs, motivadas por interesses financeiros e comerciais. A associa\u00e7\u00e3o apresentou os seguintes argumentos para se opor \u00e0 inclus\u00e3o do Clorpirif\u00f3s nas Conven\u00e7\u00f5es de Estocolmo e Roterd\u00e3:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Vantagem do clima tropical<\/strong>: O clorpirif\u00f3s se degrada rapidamente nas condi\u00e7\u00f5es quentes da \u00cdndia, na \u00e1gua, no solo, no ar e nos sedimentos. Taxas de aplica\u00e7\u00e3o t\u00edpicas \u2014 como 500 ml\/ha usando pulverizadores de alto volume \u2014 reduzem ainda mais o risco de persist\u00eancia ambiental ou danos a humanos, animais ou ecossistemas.<\/li>\n
  2. Nenhuma evid\u00eancia de transporte de longo alcance<\/strong>:N\u00e3o h\u00e1 dados da \u00cdndia confirmando o LRT do clorpirif\u00f3s para regi\u00f5es \u00e1rticas ou sub\u00e1rticas.<\/li>\n
  3. Proposta para Estudo Conjunto de LRT<\/strong>:O PMFAI prop\u00f4s que a Conven\u00e7\u00e3o de Estocolmo alocasse financiamento para estudos conjuntos na \u00cdndia para avaliar o potencial transporte de longo alcance, conduzidos sob supervis\u00e3o internacional.<\/li>\n
  4. Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o de A\u00e7\u00f5es Regulat\u00f3rias Finais (FRAs)<\/strong>: O comit\u00ea CRC-20 endossou as FRAs da UE, Mal\u00e1sia e Sri Lanka para apoiar a inclus\u00e3o do Clorpirif\u00f3s no Anexo III da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o de Roterd\u00e3. O PMFAI, no entanto, levanta preocupa\u00e7\u00f5es com essas avalia\u00e7\u00f5es:\n
      \n
    • Uni\u00e3o Europeia<\/strong>A decis\u00e3o da UE baseou-se em preocupa\u00e7\u00f5es inconclusivas sobre genotoxicidade. Uma declara\u00e7\u00e3o da EFSA de 2019 citou aberra\u00e7\u00f5es cromoss\u00f4micas e danos ao DNA como problemas potenciais, mas reconheceu que avalia\u00e7\u00f5es de risco definitivas n\u00e3o puderam ser realizadas devido \u00e0 falta de valores de refer\u00eancia claros baseados na sa\u00fade. A PMFAI argumenta que esta decis\u00e3o foi tomada com base na possibilidade<\/em> de efeitos adversos, n\u00e3o de evid\u00eancias concretas.<\/li>\n
    • Sri Lanka<\/strong>: A PMFAI afirma que a Ag\u00eancia de Prote\u00e7\u00e3o Ambiental do Sri Lanka (FRA) se baseia em relat\u00f3rios da Ag\u00eancia de Prote\u00e7\u00e3o Ambiental dos EUA (EPA) e carece de avalia\u00e7\u00e3o cient\u00edfica espec\u00edfica para cada pa\u00eds, n\u00e3o atendendo ao crit\u00e9rio que exige avalia\u00e7\u00f5es de risco com base nas condi\u00e7\u00f5es locais. Al\u00e9m disso, o clorpirif\u00f3s continua aprovado para uso nos EUA, e fabricantes indianos, como a Gharda Chemicals, continuam a fornec\u00ea-lo legalmente, de acordo com as diretrizes aprovadas pela EPA. Um estudo de 2002 do Sri Lanka, citado anteriormente, apontou o uso indevido por agricultores \u2014 como overdose, uso de equipamentos defeituosos e EPI inadequado \u2014 como a causa da alta exposi\u00e7\u00e3o d\u00e9rmica, e n\u00e3o a toxicidade inerente.<\/li>\n
    • Mal\u00e1sia<\/strong>: O uso de clorpirif\u00f3s \u00e9 restrito na Mal\u00e1sia para o controle de pragas de sa\u00fade p\u00fablica e proibido na agricultura. A PMFAI argumenta que as avalia\u00e7\u00f5es de risco citadas na FRA carecem de respaldo cient\u00edfico. Por exemplo, o n\u00edvel sangu\u00edneo citado (7,29 ng\/ml) indica apenas a exposi\u00e7\u00e3o potencial \u2014 n\u00e3o um limite associado a efeitos adversos \u00e0 sa\u00fade. Al\u00e9m disso, o Programa Internacional de Seguran\u00e7a Qu\u00edmica (IPCS) n\u00e3o definiu um n\u00edvel de exposi\u00e7\u00e3o seguro universalmente aceito para o clorpirif\u00f3s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Por fim, a PMFAI ressalta que o clorpirif\u00f3s n\u00e3o est\u00e1 atualmente listado no Anexo III da Conven\u00e7\u00e3o de Roterd\u00e3, o que significa que os exportadores n\u00e3o s\u00e3o obrigados a buscar consentimento pr\u00e9vio informado dos pa\u00edses importadores \u2014 um ponto fundamental para o com\u00e9rcio internacional.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Aparna Bhasin, da PMFAI, discute o que a isen\u00e7\u00e3o de cinco anos para o clorpirif\u00f3s significa para o setor agroqu\u00edmico da \u00cdndia e como isso pode remodelar os mercados globais<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1477,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1917,4,28,20,926,1881],"tags":[54],"class_list":["post-79369","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-abg-update-feature","category-agrochemicals","category-asia","category-insecticides","category-plant-health","category-sourcing-insider-india","tag-featured-home"],"yoast_head":"\nBalancing Policy, Science, and Trade: PMFAI on the Future of Chlorpyrifos - AgriBusiness Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"PMFAI's Aparna Bhasin discusses what the five-year exemption for chlorpyrifos means for India\u2019s agrochemical sector and how it could reshape global markets\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/agrochemicals\/insecticides\/balancing-policy-science-and-trade-pmfai-on-the-future-of-chlorpyrifos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Balancing Policy, Science, and Trade: PMFAI on the Future of Chlorpyrifos - 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