{"id":9851,"date":"2008-12-18T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2008-12-18T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.farmchemicalsinternational.com\/2008\/12\/18\/the-world-of-cotton\/"},"modified":"2019-09-16T13:48:43","modified_gmt":"2019-09-16T17:48:43","slug":"the-world-of-cotton","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/pt\/markets\/the-world-of-cotton\/","title":{"rendered":"O Mundo do Algod\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"

O mundo do algod\u00e3o est\u00e1 enfrentando atualmente alguns grandes problemas.<\/p>\n

Nos EUA, o excesso de oferta est\u00e1 levando \u00e0 queda dos pre\u00e7os na Bolsa de Com\u00e9rcio de Nova York (NYBTC), controladora da Bolsa de Algod\u00e3o de Nova York. Um dos principais motivos para o excesso de oferta de algod\u00e3o americano \u00e9 a menor demanda de importa\u00e7\u00e3o da China neste ano, devido \u00e0 safra recorde do pa\u00eds nesta temporada. De acordo com Joe Nicosia, CEO da Allenberg Cotton Co.<\/a>Memphis, Tennessee, EUA, enviaram 9 milh\u00f5es de fardos de algod\u00e3o para a China na \u00faltima temporada, mas agora, com apenas cinco meses restantes no ano do algod\u00e3o, enviaram apenas 1 milh\u00e3o de fardos. Espera-se que as importa\u00e7\u00f5es totais de algod\u00e3o da China caiam para menos de 13 milh\u00f5es de fardos, em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com mais de 19 milh\u00f5es na temporada passada \u2014 e a maior parte vir\u00e1 da \u00cdndia, o maior fornecedor de algod\u00e3o da China. Com a perda da Etapa 2, a participa\u00e7\u00e3o de mercado dos EUA nas importa\u00e7\u00f5es de algod\u00e3o da China caiu de 691 TP3T em agosto de 2006 \u2014 o \u00faltimo m\u00eas sob a Etapa 2 \u2014 para 161 TP3T em dezembro de 2006.<\/p>\n

Uma ind\u00fastria em mudan\u00e7a<\/p>\n

Uma segunda causa para o excesso de oferta nos EUA \u00e9 o aumento da produtividade agr\u00edcola, um fator que se repete em outros pa\u00edses que est\u00e3o come\u00e7ando a adotar o Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) e outros tipos de algod\u00e3o geneticamente modificado (GM). A \u00cdndia produzir\u00e1 mais algod\u00e3o do que os EUA em 2007 e aumentar\u00e1 as exporta\u00e7\u00f5es; a Austr\u00e1lia e o Brasil tamb\u00e9m devem reportar aumentos na produtividade (dependendo do clima e da disponibilidade h\u00eddrica na Austr\u00e1lia), enquanto a China prev\u00ea uma produ\u00e7\u00e3o semelhante \u00e0 deste ano. Com o aumento da produ\u00e7\u00e3o, pa\u00edses como a China usar\u00e3o culturas cultivadas localmente e depender\u00e3o menos de importa\u00e7\u00f5es. <\/p>\n

Embora as culturas geneticamente modificadas estejam melhorando a produtividade, a \u00e1rea plantada com algod\u00e3o reutilizada para o cultivo de etanol come\u00e7ou a reduzir a \u00e1rea mundial de algod\u00e3o. Com os retornos do milho e da soja \u2014 ambas culturas para biocombust\u00edveis \u2014 muito maiores do que os do algod\u00e3o, muitos pa\u00edses est\u00e3o migrando para o milho e o feij\u00e3o. O Brasil perder\u00e1 500.000 acres e os EUA est\u00e3o cortando 2,8 milh\u00f5es de acres de algod\u00e3o na pr\u00f3xima temporada, mas a China permanecer\u00e1 est\u00e1vel e a \u00cdndia est\u00e1, na verdade, aumentando a \u00e1rea plantada. Ainda assim, a \u00e1rea de algod\u00e3o em todo o mundo deve diminuir em 2,3 milh\u00f5es de acres para a temporada 2007\/08, e \u00e9 improv\u00e1vel que os estoques consigam acompanhar a demanda. O consumo mundial de algod\u00e3o continua a aumentar, com o uso dom\u00e9stico na \u00cdndia e na China aumentando \u00e0 medida que a classe m\u00e9dia melhora seu padr\u00e3o de vida. Em 2007\/08, diz Nic\u00f3sia, o consumo mundial \u00e9 estimado em 125 milh\u00f5es de fardos, superando a oferta mundial de aproximadamente 117 milh\u00f5es. Os EUA, a China, a \u00cdndia e o Brasil tiveram grandes safras na temporada passada, mas a demanda continua a crescer. Qualquer pequeno aumento na demanda, combinado com qualquer dano relacionado ao clima ou outros danos \u00e0s planta\u00e7\u00f5es de algod\u00e3o, resultar\u00e1 em uma escassez mundial.<\/p>\n

Com a moderna tecnologia de fia\u00e7\u00e3o, o setor algodoeiro exige fibras de alta qualidade. A qualidade da fibra \u00e9 uma quest\u00e3o crucial, com os \u00f3rg\u00e3os de classifica\u00e7\u00e3o classificando as colheitas e comparando a qualidade com anos anteriores e outras safras. Embora todos queiram cultivar o produto da melhor qualidade, ter que se preocupar com a produtividade ao mesmo tempo em que atende aos padr\u00f5es do algod\u00e3o e \u00e0s compara\u00e7\u00f5es quanto ao comprimento, resist\u00eancia, uniformidade, cor, teor de fibras, viscosidade, micronaire e muito mais pode ser uma quest\u00e3o complexa na qual o produtor precisa se concentrar.<\/p>\n

Vai durar?<\/p>\n

Al\u00e9m disso, no mundo atual, focado no meio ambiente e com consci\u00eancia energ\u00e9tica, surge a quest\u00e3o da sustentabilidade. A demanda atual por algod\u00e3o supera a oferta, embora a ind\u00fastria pare\u00e7a sempre encontrar mais algod\u00e3o do que o esperado no final de cada safra. Ainda assim, com a demanda crescendo a cada ano, a quest\u00e3o permanece: ser\u00e1 que a ind\u00fastria conseguir\u00e1 acompanhar o ritmo? E por quanto tempo isso poder\u00e1 durar?<\/p>\n

A resposta parece ser: h\u00e1 muito tempo. Do ponto de vista ambiental, o algod\u00e3o \u00e9 uma alternativa natural e biodegrad\u00e1vel \u00e0s fibras qu\u00edmicas \u00e0 base de petr\u00f3leo. O algod\u00e3o org\u00e2nico \u00e9 um programa em crescimento, embora padr\u00f5es rigorosos, investimentos de longo prazo e custos mais altos tenham mantido a \u00e1rea plantada baixa at\u00e9 o momento. <\/p>\n

As terras dos produtores de algod\u00e3o n\u00e3o devem secar t\u00e3o cedo: por ser uma planta tolerante \u00e0 seca e ao calor, o algod\u00e3o pode usar \u00e1reas onde outras culturas n\u00e3o crescem, ou terras que requerem irriga\u00e7\u00e3o para outras culturas. Variedades mais recentes, como o algod\u00e3o resistente a insetos, ajudam a aumentar a quantidade de algod\u00e3o que pode ser cultivada em uma parcela de terra, assim como o preparo do solo para conserva\u00e7\u00e3o. \u00c0 medida que a tecnologia e as pr\u00e1ticas agr\u00edcolas continuam a melhorar, a produtividade do algod\u00e3o tamb\u00e9m aumentar\u00e1; portanto, mesmo que a \u00e1rea cultivada n\u00e3o aumente tanto quanto o mercado demanda, a ind\u00fastria deve ser capaz de acompanhar o mercado, a menos que haja um crescimento populacional repentino e massivo ou outra demanda por fibra de algod\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

A liberaliza\u00e7\u00e3o comercial da OMC foi um importante catalisador para a demanda mundial por algod\u00e3o. As vantagens de exporta\u00e7\u00e3o desfrutadas pelos pa\u00edses produtores de algod\u00e3o diminu\u00edram, principalmente com a reformula\u00e7\u00e3o da Lei Agr\u00edcola dos EUA. A Lei Agr\u00edcola n\u00e3o abordar\u00e1 apenas quest\u00f5es or\u00e7ament\u00e1rias, a conformidade com a OMC, a reestrutura\u00e7\u00e3o do programa de Empr\u00e9stimos para Comercializa\u00e7\u00e3o e do Programa de Controle de Desastres (DCP) e outros itens que afetam diretamente o algod\u00e3o, mas tamb\u00e9m abordar\u00e1 quest\u00f5es como programas de conserva\u00e7\u00e3o e prote\u00e7\u00e3o da vida selvagem, que ter\u00e3o implica\u00e7\u00f5es para a ind\u00fastria algodoeira e impactar\u00e3o at\u00e9 mesmo o mercado global.<\/p>\n

Com a demanda e a produtividade do algod\u00e3o em alta, a safra de 2007 parece promissora. O futuro n\u00e3o \u00e9 totalmente claro, com vari\u00e1veis como o etanol e a Lei Agr\u00edcola dos EUA em jogo, mas enquanto a qualidade do algod\u00e3o permanecer forte, a safra dever\u00e1 ser sustent\u00e1vel, mantendo os produtores de algod\u00e3o em atividade por algum tempo.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O mundo do algod\u00e3o enfrenta atualmente alguns grandes problemas. Nos EUA, o excesso de oferta est\u00e1 levando \u00e0 queda dos pre\u00e7os\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":110,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9851","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-markets"],"yoast_head":"\nThe World Of Cotton - AgriBusiness Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The world of cotton is currently facing some big issues. 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