印度农作物产量的混合预测

India’s Ministry of Agriculture has projected 5.1% fall in cotton output in 2011-12 due to poor monsoon in the states of Gujarat and Maharashtra. The cotton export from India is also likely to be adversely affected during this financial year due to swelling inventory in China. China accounts for the largest share of cotton export from India.

Outlook for coffee is more upbeat: India’s coffee production during the same period 5.33 million 60kg bags marked an all-time record. Yet, India slipped from sixth to seventh position. Peru displaced India on the list of top coffee producers. The contribution of India in global production is 4% and in global export, it is 5.65%.

According to Marvin Rodrigues, Chairman, Karnataka Planters’ Association, favorable weather conditions throughout the year, availability of water and lower production costs helped smaller countries like Ethiopia, Peru and others to surge ahead of India.

近年来,印度的茶园业因严重的劳动力短缺而受到重创。种植园工人正在获得更好的工作,例如圣雄甘地全国农村就业保障计划提供的工作。为了应对现实,种植园主们选择了更加机械化的不同活动。他们还向政府申请了$5000万的资金。

由于最初季风不佳,印度夏令时(夏季)谷物产量可能下降 10% 至 1.178 亿吨。大米产量可能下降 6.5% 至 85.6 公吨,粗粮产量可能下降 22.5% 至 26.3 公吨,豆类产量可能下降 14.6% 至 5.2 公吨,油籽产量可能下降 9.68% 至 18.8 公吨。根据农业部长 Sharad Pawar 的说法,这些是初步估计。由于8月和9月降雨较多,预计下一季(拉比)粮食产量将好于上年。食品通胀可能处于较高范围(9% 至 10%)。

最后,尿素得到了印度政府的高额补贴。政党强烈反对提高价格。政客们担心价格变化会影响农民的投票模式。与其他肥料相比,尿素和其他肥料之间的价格差异导致尿素的广泛使用。土壤养分的不平衡使用导致了该领域的重大问题。

作为化肥行业改革计划的一部分,政府将尿素价格提高了 $1/MT。业界一直要求更高的增幅,但这是朝着正确方向迈出的一小步。

(由 Bipul Saha 博士提交;FCI 工作人员编辑)