驾驭中国并购市场
COVID-19之前的行业经历的大型交易,包括中国化工收购先正达,现在基本上已经消失了。这并不意味着并购市场已经冷淡。许多中国公司继续探索扩大业务和产品范围的机会。
AgriBusiness Global interviewed Yuhong Wu, Director for Agriculture Subscription Services for Kynetec in China to get her perspective on the China’s merger and acquisition market.
ABG:您如何评价过去几年中国的并购市场?
吴玉红: 在过去十年中国企业的并购过程中,并购的目的主要有三个方向。
One is to deepen the commercial moat of their own enterprises. There are two ways to deepen the moat, the first is the integration of production capacity, and the other is the integration of the whole industry value chain. For example, in 2017, Limin acquired Shuangji Chemical, realizing the integration and coverage of the production capacity and market of mancozeb and dithiocarbamate fungicides in China. So Limin became the second largest supplier of such products in the world. Limin formed advantages in both production capacity and market coverage in a single category market. In 2023, Guangxin’s acquisition of Liaoning Shixing Pharmaceutical & Chemical was mainly to achieve the industry chain integration strategy.
第二个方向是横向拓展产品品类。例如,2021年,新安集团出资1.78亿元收购合肥星宇,使新安集团从草甘膦向恶草宗、恶草灵、灭草松等迈进。2023年,公司收购中钢热能金灿新能源科技通过其全资子公司浙江其源新材料。此次收购的目的是为新安集团进军新能源领域锂离子电池石墨负极材料供应链做准备。这与中国新能源行业的高增长市场有关。
Third, Chinese companies want to expand their sales channels and increase their commercial reach overseas. The most representative case was the acquisition of Sarabia in Spain by Rainbow by the end of 2022. Through M&A, Rainbow could own the capacity of overseas factories and enhance the flexibility of global supply. At the same time, it could also acquire the experience of overseas teams for market expansion. In 2023 Xingfa Group also acquired 70% stake in Indonesia’s AMCO. This was a typical case of a Chinese company expanding its overseas formulation production capacity while looking to expand its sales channels.
ABG: What factors are driving the M&A market in China?
吴玉红: 中国企业的并购主要是增长战略,中国供应市场竞争激烈,在目前中国供应市场价格低迷的情况下,企业必须有规模效应才能保持盈利,全产业价值链整合战略是几乎所有企业都在推行的战略,这也是投资者希望看到的。
另一个因素是企业在进行多元化经营。农化企业扩展产品品类是合理的。品类扩展需要有化学合成的充分经验,这是农化企业的首选。像新安集团拥有矿产资源,所以他们可以向新能源正负极材料领域进行扩展。由于矿产需要巨额的资本运作,只有上市企业可以具有这样的实力。这取决于企业具有什么样的战略优势。
再有,值得一提的是,渠道是中国农化企业的弱点。这和他们过去的几十年的商业模式有关。但我们很高兴的看到一些企业已经开始考虑在国际销售通路的上的资本布局。对于渠道布局,日本企业比如三井、ISK等处于领先低位。中国企业还需要更多的时间探索国际化渠道布局,以及更加重要的是如何管理海外团队。
ABG:我们都熟悉先正达和中国化工之间的关系。中国农作物投入品公司是否在寻求与中国以外的公司进行合并或收购?为什么?
吴玉红: 我认为这是中国企业必然的一种选择。在2023年,我们看到中国企业业绩普遍承受着巨大压力。在压力下,企业必须改变。然而,中国企业的选择余地很小。他们越来越意识到海外渠道以及生产设施的必要性。
当然,中国企业也在考虑贸易关税壁垒的问题。比如印度尼西亚对于整个东盟市场甚至澳洲市场是很好的生产设施落脚地。墨西哥对北美贸易是理想的生产基地的候选者。哥伦比亚以及中美洲对于南美市场具有天然的亲和力。
不仅如此,海外并购还需要合适的合作伙伴。中国企业需要海外合作伙伴来借助中国先进的制造业来推动增长。海外合作伙伴的选择是中国企业海外并购的瓶颈。
ABG: What size companies seem to be involved in M&A activities (large, medium, small) and why do you think that is?
吴玉红: 目前中国农化企业的并购主要集中在上市公司范围内,龙头企业有资金优势,可以承担专业的并购咨询服务,中国企业越来越需要专业化的并购服务。同时,只有头部企业才具备这样的人才吸引力,但要想获得人才的助力,还需要企业领导人有个人的号召力。
当然,我们也不是说中型企业以及小企业完全没有机会。中小型企业可能最大的优势在于创新。不仅是中国企业,目前跨国公司的创新也主要来自于外部并购。因此,我认为中小企业更可能成为并购标的而不是并购主体。
ABG:我们听到了很多有关中国双控和环保政策的消息。您能简单介绍一下政府出台这些政策的理由吗?
吴玉红: It was very similar to China’s 2017 environmental storm. China’s 3060 carbon neutral target is an ongoing policy. In China, the influence of policy on the industry is huge. However, the introduction and implementation of new policies require feedback from practice. There is a famous saying in China, which was put forward by Mr. Deng Xiaoping, the pioneer of China’s reform and opening up, that: “Practice is the only standard to test the truth.” Therefore, China’s dual-control policy at the end of 2021 needed to be fine-tuned according to the actual situation.
双控政策刚开始实施时,确实给中国农药供应链带来了冲击,但2022年中央经济会议期间政府决策有所调整,为中国农化企业正常生产留出了弹性空间,这也是2022年中国农药供应恢复步入正轨的原因。
ABG:这些政策达到了预期效果吗?
吴玉红: 正如我刚才提到的,双控政策现在正在转向“积极采用绿色能源”。农化企业的能源消耗主要来自电力消耗。中国的农化企业将更多地使用绿色能源。中国政府正在积极建设西北地区的新能源枢纽基础设施。如果我们展望2060年以后中国将实现碳中和,那么现在控制能源消耗在一定程度上是一个开始。
ABG:全球新冠大流行对整个行业产生了影响。这对中国的并购活动有影响吗?
吴玉红: 疫情在某些方面改变了整个人类,改变最大的是人们看待世界的方式。人们的心态在潜移默化地发生着变化,短时间内积累巨额财富已经不再合适,人们更加向往踏实、有质感、有温度的东西,人与人之间深度的思考变得更为重要。
如果我们非要将疫情与并购联系起来,那么我想说,我们正在变得更加的谨慎。高经济增长的时代已经成为过去,企业正在从利润驱动转向价值驱动。中国企业在并购之前很可能会更加深入的思考,我们的扩张能给农民或者说全球农业创造怎样的价值。企业好像人一样正在变得更加真诚和可靠。
ABG: What do you see happening regarding M&A activity in the next several years (more activity, less, etc.)?
吴玉红: 短期内,我个人认为大规模的并购不会持续发生,在农化行业整体增长乏力的情况下,任何一个农业从业者都会比较保守。
其实农业是一个非常保守的行业,农民最了解什么是农业,一年有四季,这就是农业,我们需要用更长远的战略去思考农业的未来,短期投资会被市场真相打败。
ABG:关于中国的并购市场我们还应该了解什么?
吴玉红: If I had to give an answer to this question, I would say innovation. Kynetec is a data provider. We are deep in the market. What we feel most deeply is that innovation is everywhere. The quality of Chinese companies’ pesticide products is now continuing to improve. In the Chinese market, Chinese companies pay a lot of attention to brand cultivation. This requires them to invest more money and time in R&D. Chinese companies are benchmarking the quality of their products against those of multinational companies. This shows that they are paying enough attention to innovation.
In the area of investment and M&A, I think Chinese companies have innovation as their ultimate goal. Not just products, Chinese companies may also diversify into M&A in digital platforms, agricultural services, precision ag, and agricultural infrastructure.