生物农药:面向有机农业的可持续替代品
生物农药正在成为印度安全有机农业的可持续替代品。
《财富商业洞察》(Fortune Business Insights) 的一份报告预计,印度生物农药市场在 2022 年增长至 6,962 万美元,到 2029 年将达到 1.3037 亿美元。报告指出,在此期间,其复合年增长率将达到 9.38%。
全球新闻通讯社的另一份报告补充说,这一增长的大部分将由消费者对有机和生物产品不断增长的需求以及对作物保护策略的日益关注所推动。
另一方面,全球生物农药市场正以 14.6% 的速度增长,Growtech Agri Science and Research Pvt Ltd 创始人 Sanjay Patidar 博士表示。
他补充说,化学农药无法阻止土壤侵蚀和控制土壤传播的病原体和其他疾病,这使得生物农药成为全球农民的理想解决方案。
An increase in the exports of fruits and vegetables along with farmers’ rising awareness on the bio-efficacy of biopesticides, implementation of IPMs, entry of multinationals in the biopesticides space and increase in organic acreage, is also fueling this growth, says Narsimha Rao Kothapalli, Vice President & Head-Exports, Coromandel International, 该公司自 2000 年以来一直致力于生物农药市场。“我们在印楝素方面拥有 60% 全球市场份额,目前该产品在 42 个国家/地区销售,”Kothapalli 说道。
微生物推动生长
人们对微生物类的生物农药重新产生了兴趣,这鼓励公司开发新的创新产品。该行业在 2021 年将在印度生物农药行业中占据主导地位,预计复合年增长率 (CAGR) 为 13.8%,由于作物质量提高以及免受细菌、真菌和其他污染物的外部攻击,其受欢迎程度大幅上升。
Coromandel International too has developed a wide range of microbial biopesticides to provide farmers with a complete value for money. One of its prominent products includes Neemazal 1% (Aza 1% EC), which is made from highest purity Aza Technical. The product has the lowest aflatoxin content in the technical. It is a broad-spectrum insecticide used for the management of more than 60 insect pests in 100 crops.
市场细分
印度生物农药市场分为生物杀菌剂、生物除草剂和生物杀虫剂部分。 Kothapalli 表示,其中,由于该国的热带气候,生物杀虫剂领域的增长速度更快。他补充说,杀线虫剂的使用也在增加,特别是在温室和花卉业中。
应用领域
在印度,90% 的生物农药用于叶面喷施,Kothapalli 肯定地说。印度有 970 种在中央杀虫剂委员会(CIBRC)注册的产品。印度生产的生物农药中,细菌类约占 29%,真菌类约占 66%,病毒类约占 4%,其他类(植物类、信息素类)约占 1%。
India uses 80% of its biopesticides in the fruits and vegetables segment, followed by oil seeds and cereals. Coromandel focuses on the same segment, says Kothapalli.
Fungal products have the highest percentage share in biopesticides in India. Companies use various strains of trichoderma as fungal biopesticides. A leader in this is Growtech Agriscience and Research which uses various trichoderma-based products such as trichoderma viridae, trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilis, etc. “Our products are mainly used for soil application and foliar application. However, they can also be used in drip irrigation and granular,” says Patidar.
目前市场上有 355 种基于木霉的生物杀虫剂。然而,其中只有两个菌种与有记录的生物防治活性有关。
细菌生物农药的使用量也以每年 10% 的速度增长,其中苏云金芽孢杆菌约占所有细菌生物农药的 15%。另一方面,基于核多角体病毒(NPV)的病毒生物农药的使用相对较低。这几种生物农药主要用于生物防治 ,主要是防治helicoverpa armigera 在印度.
消费模式
根据 ResearchGate 的报告,马哈拉施特拉邦使用的生物农药数量最多,而果阿邦使用的生物农药数量最少。拉贾斯坦邦和安得拉邦的生物农药总体消费量急剧增加,而奥里萨邦的生物农药消费量急剧下降。 2022 年,马哈拉施特拉邦、西孟加拉邦和卡纳塔克邦消耗的生物农药最多,分别为 5,549、4,416 和 3,478 吨,而喜马偕尔邦和果阿邦使用量最少,分别为 36 和 38 吨。
主要挑战
在全球范围内,生物农药的环境友好性和目标特异性正在受到广泛欢迎。然而,在印度等发展中国家,与传统化学农药相比,生物农药的使用量仍然很少。尽管印度政府推出了许多计划来增加基层生物农药的使用,但该领域仍面临许多挑战。农民的适应性下降和兴趣下降是一个值得关注的问题。与农业生态系统的生产、制造商和应用相关的技术挑战也对其长期可持续性提出了问题。
印度生物农药市场面临的另一个挑战包括农民社区缺乏认识。 “缺乏认识导致生物农药在印度的适应性仍然很低,”帕蒂达尔说。
印度生物农药市场较为分散,排名前五位的公司占据了9.83%的份额。该市场的主要参与者包括 Coromandel International Ltd、GrowTech Agri Science Pvt Ltd、Gujarat State Fertilizers & Chemicals Ltd、IPL Biologicals Ltd 和 T.Stanes and Company Ltd。
Of these, the highest share is held by Coromandel International, whose products offer not only an improved shelf life from 6 months to 2 years; but also a better spore count for microbial biopesticides, and superior formulation technology to provide better bio efficacy and shelf life. Coromandel currently sells its products through more than 750 stores in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Karnataka, and through more than 10,000 distributors across the country. “Our team of dedicated agronomists visits the farmers daily and advises them on usage of agriculture inputs for improving their crop productivity,” says Kothapalli. The company also leverages global partnerships to launch new products in India. It has collaborations with TNAU, ANGRAU, PJTSAU, IARI, ICAR and other research institutes in India.
Patidar 表示,Growtech Agriscience and Research 的产品销往印度六个邦,包括马哈拉施特拉邦、中央邦、古吉拉特邦、卡纳塔克邦、西孟加拉邦和恰蒂斯加尔邦。他补充说,这些产品主要有土壤和叶面施用。
前景
Coromandel expects the Indian biopesticide market to grow at a CAGR of 13% in the next five years. “We are strengthening our R&D to ensure product pipeline for the next 10 years. Our goal is to launch 1 or 2 unique biopesticides on annual basis,” says Kothapalli.
Growtech Agriscience, meanwhile, plans to increase farmer awareness by holding seminars, hoardings, etc. The sector’s future in India looks quite promising, says Patidar.