{"id":15653,"date":"2009-02-13T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2009-02-13T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.farmchemicalsinternational.com\/2009\/02\/13\/food-quality-protection-act\/"},"modified":"2019-09-16T13:47:32","modified_gmt":"2019-09-16T17:47:32","slug":"food-quality-protection-act","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/zh\/industry-news\/food-quality-protection-act\/","title":{"rendered":"\u98df\u54c1\u8d28\u91cf\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>1996 \u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u7684 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/pesticides\/regulating\/laws\/fqpa\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u98df\u54c1\u8d28\u91cf\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5 <\/a>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u519c\u836f\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u519c\u4e1a\u548c\u975e\u519c\u4e1a\u7528\u6237\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u80fd\u63a5\u89e6\u519c\u836f\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u6c34\u5cad\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u201c\u98ce\u9669\u6536\u76ca\u201d\u6807\u51c6\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8be5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u8bc4\u4f30\u98df\u54c1\u7528\u6740\u866b\u5242\u7684\u65b0\u6807\u51c6\u2014\u2014\u201c\u5408\u7406\u786e\u5b9a\u65e0\u5bb3\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u9700\u8981 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u73af\u4fdd\u7f72<\/a> \u91c7\u7528\u201c\u65b0\u201d\u6d41\u7a0b\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u98ce\u9669\u2014\u2014\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ee5\u524d\u4ece\u672a\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>EPA \u73b0\u5728\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u7279\u5b9a\u519c\u836f\u7684\u996e\u98df\u98ce\u9669\u4e0e\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u548c\u4f4f\u5b85\u66b4\u9732\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff08\u7efc\u5408\u98ce\u9669\uff09\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5177\u6709\u5171\u540c\u6bd2\u6027\u673a\u5236\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u519c\u836f\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff08\u7d2f\u79ef\u98ce\u9669\uff09\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u5bf9\u5a74\u513f\u548c\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u6740\u866b\u5242\u589e\u52a0 10 \u500d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7cfb\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1 FQPA \u6ca1\u6709\u89c4\u5b9a\u6cd5\u5b9a\u7684\u9010\u6b65\u5b9e\u65bd\u671f\uff08\u7acb\u5373\u751f\u6548\uff09\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8981\u6c42\u5728 1999 \u5e74 8 \u6708\u4e4b\u524d\u6839\u636e\u65b0\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u91cd\u65b0\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u519c\u836f\u8010\u53d7\u6027\uff08\u7ea6 3,200\uff09\u3002EPA \u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86 FQPA \u7684\u6700\u540e\u671f\u96501999 \u5e74 8 \u6708 3 \u65e5\u8fbe\u5230 3,200 \u516c\u5dee\u91cd\u65b0\u8bc4\u4f30\u8981\u6c42\u3002 3,200 \u9879\u5bb9\u5fcd\u5ea6\u91cd\u65b0\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u6ce8\u518c\u4eba\u81ea\u613f\u53d6\u6d88\u201c\u7eb8\u8d28\u5bb9\u5fcd\u5ea6\u201d\uff08\u5373\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u4f46\u5df2\u5b58\u6863\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5bb9\u5fcd\u5ea6\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u636e <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u98df\u54c1\u548c\u836f\u7269\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40 <\/a>(FDA) \u7ba1\u7406 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/opacom\/laws\/fdcact\/fdctoc.htm\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u8054\u90a6\u98df\u54c1\u3001\u836f\u54c1\u548c\u5316\u5986\u54c1\u6cd5 <\/a>(FDCA)\u3002 1970 \u5e74\uff0cEPA \u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u5bf9\u98df\u54c1\u6216\u9972\u6599\u4e2d\u6740\u866b\u5242\u548c\u60f0\u6027\u6210\u5206\u7684\u6b8b\u7559\u5bb9\u5fcd\u5ea6\u8981\u6c42\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5bb9\u5fcd\u5ea6\u6216\u6388\u4e88\u8c41\u514d\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u8010\u53d7\u6027\u662f\u672a\u52a0\u5de5\u7684\u519c\u4ea7\u54c1\u3001\u98df\u54c1\u548c\u9972\u6599\u4e2d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u6700\u5927\u519c\u836f\u6b8b\u7559\u91cf\u3002 FDA \u8d1f\u8d23\u76d1\u6d4b\u6b8b\u7559\u7269\u5e76\u6267\u884c EPA \u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u5bb9\u5dee\u3002\u98df\u54c1\u5b89\u5168\u68c0\u9a8c\u5c40 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.usda.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u519c\u4e1a\u90e8<\/a> \u8fd8\u68c0\u67e5\u5bb6\u79bd\u548c\u8089\u7c7b\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u8010\u53d7\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1996 \u5e74\u98df\u54c1\u8d28\u91cf\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5 (FQPA) \u7684\u901a\u8fc7\u5bfc\u81f4 FDCA \u5bf9\u519c\u836f\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d1\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6700\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u662f\u5e9f\u9664\u4e86\u8fc7\u65f6\u7684\u96f6\u98ce\u9669\u5fb7\u83b1\u5c3c\u6761\u6b3e\u3002 1997 \u5e74 3 \u6708\uff0cEPA \u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u5b9e\u65bd\u300a\u98df\u54c1\u8d28\u91cf\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5\u300b(FQPA) \u6761\u6b3e\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u5728 FQPA \u5168\u9762\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8be5\u8ba1\u5212\u8fd8\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86 EPA \u4e3a\u6ee1\u8db3 FQPA \u8981\u6c42\u800c\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6218\u7565\u3002\u5f53\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u5f97\u5b8c\u6574\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0cEPA \u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u4fdd\u62a4\u516c\u4f17\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u4e34\u65f6\u8bc4\u4f30\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u4e3a\u652f\u6301\u8bc4\u4f30\u800c\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5c06\u4f18\u5148\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b66\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0cEPA \u5c06\u7528\u7ecf\u8fc7 EPA \u5ba1\u67e5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e34\u65f6\u8bc4\u4f30\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/scipoly\/sap\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u79d1\u5b66\u987e\u95ee\u56e2 <\/a>\uff08\u6811\u6db2\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"subhead\">\u65b0\u7684\u516c\u5dee\u6807\u51c6\u548c\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u56e0\u7d20<\/p>\n<p>\u81ea 1996 \u5e74 8 \u6708\u8d77\uff0cEPA \u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u6765\u53d1\u5e03\u751f\u98df\u548c\u52a0\u5de5\u98df\u54c1\u7684\u5bb9\u8bb8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b0\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0cEPA \u5c06\u91cd\u65b0\u8bc4\u4f30\u6240\u6709\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u5bb9\u5fcd\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u7d27\u6025\u8c41\u514d\u5efa\u7acb\u5bb9\u5fcd\u5ea6\u3002\u65b0\u6807\u51c6\u662f\u8003\u8651\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u63a5\u89e6\u6740\u866b\u5242\u7684\u603b\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5177\u6709\u5171\u540c\u6bd2\u6027\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6740\u866b\u5242\u7684\u7d2f\u79ef\u6548\u5e94\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5a74\u513f\u548c\u513f\u7ae5\u63a5\u89e6\u519c\u836f\u540e\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6027\u662f\u5426\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u519c\u836f\u5bf9\u96cc\u6fc0\u7d20\u548c\u5185\u5206\u6ccc\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4fdd\u62a4\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bc4\u4f30\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0cEPA \u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u91c7\u7528\u6700\u4f73\u79d1\u5b66\u5224\u65ad\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u52a8\u7269\u6bd2\u6027\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u73b0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684 10 \u500d\u5b89\u5168\u8fb9\u9645\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>EPA \u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u5a74\u513f\u548c\u513f\u7ae5\u4ea7\u524d\u6216\u4ea7\u540e\u6bd2\u6027\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6216\u53ef\u9760\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6216<\/li>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u8868\u660e\u5b58\u5728\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4ea7\u524d\u6216\u4ea7\u540e\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>EPA \u5728 1996 \u5e74 8 \u6708\u4e4b\u540e\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u5bb9\u5fcd\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c06\u5305\u542b\u9488\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5b89\u5168\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c06\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u548c\u63a5\u89e6\u4f30\u8ba1\u4ee5\u53ca\u9644\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u7cfb\u6570\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6709\uff09\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u805a\u5408\u66dd\u5149\u3002<\/strong> \u6839\u636e FQPA\uff0c\u5bb9\u5fcd\u6c34\u5e73\u8bc4\u4f30\u5c06\u8003\u8651\u98df\u54c1\u548c\u975e\u98df\u54c1\u6765\u6e90\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u3001\u8349\u576a\u62a4\u7406\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u4f4f\u5b85\u7528\u9014\uff09\u7684\u603b\u66b4\u9732\u91cf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cEPA \u5fc5\u987b\u5f00\u53d1\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u548c\u66b4\u9732\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u4f30\u8ba1\u975e\u98df\u54c1\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u519c\u836f\u66b4\u9732\u3002 \u201c\u4e34\u65f6\u51b3\u5b9a\u903b\u8f91\u201d\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a\u519c\u836f\u7684\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u98ce\u9669\u603b\u6c34\u5e73\u7531\u519c\u836f\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u5242\u91cf (RfD) \u8868\u793a\u3002<\/li>\n<li>EPA \u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u98ce\u9669\u676f\u201d\u7684\u7c7b\u6bd4\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u603b\u4f53\u66b4\u9732\u4f30\u8ba1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6ee1\u676f\u662f\u6bcf\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u519c\u836f\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u603b RfD \u6216\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6bd2\u6027\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u5f53\u519c\u836f\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u6765\u6e90\u672a\u8fbe\u5230\u519c\u836f RfD\uff08\u6216\u6025\u6027\u6bd2\u6027\u6c34\u5e73\uff09\u7684 100% \u65f6\uff0c\u676f\u5b50\u672a\u6ee1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u672a\u6ee1\uff0cEPA \u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u6ce8\u518c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u9014\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65b0\u7684\u5bb9\u5dee\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u6ee1\uff0c\u5219\u5728\u98ce\u9669\u7ea7\u522b\u964d\u4f4e\u4e4b\u524d\u4e0d\u80fd\u6388\u4e88\u65b0\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4ece\u957f\u8fdc\u6765\u770b\uff0cEPA \u5c06\u5f00\u53d1\u65b0\u7684\u66b4\u9732\u8bc4\u4f30\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc4\u4f30\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u3001\u8349\u576a\u62a4\u7406\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4f4f\u5b85\u519c\u836f\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u603b\u66b4\u9732\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"subhead\">\u76d1\u7ba1\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e FQPA \u663e\u7740\u7f29\u5c0f\u4e86\u5bf9\u6536\u76ca\u7684\u8003\u8651\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6536\u76ca\u8bc4\u4f30\u5f88\u5c11\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bf9\u8d85\u8fc7\u53ef\u5ffd\u7565\u98ce\u9669\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u519c\u836f\u7684\u8010\u53d7\u6027\u6279\u51c6\u3002\u4f46\u662f EPA \u4ecd\u7136\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u519c\u836f\u5177\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u7528\u9014\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u6548\u76ca\u8bc4\u4f30\u662f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a EPA \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6548\u76ca\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u5e94\u8be5\u6279\u51c6\u6216\u62d2\u7edd\u54ea\u79cd\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/p>\n<p>EPA \u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u65b0\u8bc4\u4f30\u6240\u6709\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u6210\u5206\u548c\u60f0\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5bb9\u5fcd\u5ea6\u548c\u8c41\u514d\u2014\u2014\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0e\u65e7\u519c\u836f\u6709\u5173\u7684\u5bb9\u5fcd\u5ea6\u548c\u8c41\u514d\u3002\u6b64\u6b21\u91cd\u65b0\u8bc4\u4f30\u65e8\u5728\u786e\u4fdd\u519c\u836f\u7b26\u5408 FQPA \u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5c06\u4e8e 2006 \u5e74\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<p>EPA \u88ab\u6307\u793a\u4f18\u5148\u5ba1\u67e5\u6839\u636e\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5bf9\u516c\u4f17\u5065\u5eb7\u6784\u6210\u6700\u5927\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u6740\u866b\u5242\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u8868\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7ec4\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ec4\u9996\u5148\u63a5\u53d7\u91cd\u65b0\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ec4\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ec4\u3002 FQPA \u8981\u6c42\u8be5\u673a\u6784\u5230 1999 \u5e74\u91cd\u65b0\u8bc4\u4f30\u6240\u6709\u516c\u5dee\u7684 33%\uff0c\u5230 2002 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