{"id":18166,"date":"2009-02-04T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2009-02-04T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.farmchemicalsinternational.com\/2009\/02\/04\/clean-water-act\/"},"modified":"2015-12-09T08:45:11","modified_gmt":"2015-12-09T13:45:11","slug":"clean-water-act","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/zh\/markets\/americas\/clean-water-act\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6e05\u6d01\u6c34\u6cd5"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u6839\u636e <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/oecaagct\/lcwa.html\">\u6e05\u6d01\u6c34\u6cd5 <\/a>(CWA) \u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7981\u6b62\u5411\u7f8e\u56fd\u901a\u822a\u6c34\u57df\u6392\u653e\u6709\u6bd2\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u6765\u6062\u590d\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u56fd\u5bb6\u6c34\u57df\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u9002\u822a\u6c34\u57df\u5305\u62ec\u6c60\u5858\u3001\u6e56\u6cca\u3001\u6eaa\u6d41\u3001\u6cb3\u6d41\u3001\u6e7f\u5730\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5730\u8868\u6c34\u57df\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u9002\u822a\u6027\u5982\u4f55\u3002 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u73af\u4fdd\u7f72<\/a> \u8d1f\u8d23\u5236\u5b9a\u6cd5\u89c4\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u7531\u51e0\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u56fd\u5bb6\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u6392\u653e\u6d88\u9664\u7cfb\u7edf (NPDES) \u8bb8\u53ef\u8ba1\u5212\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4ece\u975e\u5bb6\u5ead\u6765\u6e90\u5f15\u5165\u516c\u6709\u5904\u7406\u5382 (POTW) \u7684\u6709\u6bd2\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u7684\u9884\u5904\u7406\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9488\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u548c\u65b0\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u7279\u5b9a\u6709\u6bd2\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u6392\u653e\u9650\u5236\u548c\u6307\u5357\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u77f3\u6cb9\u548c\u6709\u5bb3\u7269\u8d28\u8d23\u4efb\u6761\u6b3e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6cc4\u6f0f\u9884\u9632\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u5bf9\u7b56 (SPCC) \u89c4\u5212\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7b2c 319 \u8282\u4e0b\u7684\u975e\u70b9\u6e90\u519c\u4e1a\u6c61\u67d3\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>CWA \u5f71\u54cd\u6240\u6709\u4ea7\u751f\u5e9f\u6c34\u6392\u653e\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u5316\u80a5\u548c\u519c\u836f\u751f\u4ea7\u8bbe\u65bd\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002 CWA \u7b2c 307 \u8282\u8981\u6c42 EPA \u53d1\u5e03\u6709\u6bd2\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u6e05\u5355\uff0c\u5e76\u5236\u5b9a\u6392\u653e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u7684\u6392\u653e\u9650\u503c\u3002\u6709\u6bd2\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u5305\u62ec 65 \u79cd\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u7c7b\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\u7c7b\u522b\u7531 EPA \u6839\u636e\u53d1\u751f\u548c\u98ce\u9669\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ea7\u751f 126 \u79cd\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u4f18\u5148\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u76d1\u7ba1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f18\u5148\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u6d41\u51fa\u7269\u6307\u5357\u548c\u9884\u5904\u7406\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u4f18\u5148\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u5305\u62ec\u51e0\u79cd\u519c\u836f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6392\u653e\u9650\u5236\u6216\u201c\u65e0\u6392\u653e\u201d\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5982\u827e\u6c0f\u5242\/\u72c4\u6c0f\u5242\u3001\u6ef4\u6ef4\u6d95\u3001\u5f02\u72c4\u6c0f\u5242\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"subhead\">\u6e05\u6d01\u6c34\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212<\/p>\n<p>\u514b\u6797\u987f\u603b\u7edf\u548c\u6208\u5c14\u526f\u603b\u7edf\u4e8e 1998 \u5e74 2 \u6708 19 \u65e5\u5ba3\u5e03\u7684\u6e05\u6d01\u6c34\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212\u90e8\u5206\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u519c\u4e1a\u6740\u866b\u5242\u548c\u5316\u80a5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u6c34\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e3a\u5b9e\u65bd\u8be5\u5021\u8bae\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u65b0\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u6539\u5584\u6c34\u8d28\u5e76\u7edf\u4e00\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684 EPA \u6c34\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u8be5\u8ba1\u5212\u8981\u6c42\u91c7\u53d6\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e3e\u63aa\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e3e\u63aa\u5728\u5b9e\u65bd\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u519c\u573a\u7684\u519c\u836f\u548c\u5316\u80a5\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5411\u5404\u5dde\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u4ee5\u904f\u5236\u53d7\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u5f84\u6d41\u5e76\u9f13\u52b1\u91c7\u7528\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5230 2000 \u5e74\u6c34\u4f53\u4e2d\u8425\u517b\u7269\uff08\u5373\u6c2e\u548c\u78f7\uff09\u7684\u6570\u503c\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u679c\u5404\u5dde\u5931\u8d25\u5219\u542f\u52a8\u6807\u51c6\u4ee5\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u589e\u52a0\u6fc0\u52b1\u63aa\u65bd\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d85\u8fc7 $1 \u4ebf\u7684\u65b0\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u519c\u6c11\u63a7\u5236\u53d7\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u5f84\u6d41\uff0c\u521b\u5efa 200 \u4e07\u82f1\u91cc\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\uff0c\u5e76\u5236\u5b9a\u6c61\u67d3\u9632\u6cbb\u8ba1\u5212\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u589e\u52a0\u6e7f\u5730\u9762\u79ef\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5230 1999 \u5e74 12 \u6708\u6279\u51c6\u51cf\u5c11\u6cbf\u6d77\u5730\u533a\u6c61\u67d3\u5f84\u6d41\u7684\u5dde\u8ba1\u5212\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6269\u5927\u516c\u6c11\u77e5\u60c5\u6743\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5efa\u7acb <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/rivers\/\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u9057\u4ea7\u6cb3\u6d41\u9879\u76ee<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"subhead\">NPDES \u8bb8\u53ef\u8ba1\u5212<\/p>\n<p>EPA \u7684 NPDES \u8bb8\u53ef\u8ba1\u5212\u5bf9\u70b9\u6e90\u6216\u9690\u853d\u6392\u653e\uff08\u7ba1\u9053\u3001\u6c9f\u6e20\u3001\u6e20\u9053\u7b49\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u76d1\u7ba1\u3002\u8be5\u6cd5\u7b2c 301 \u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u5404\u7c7b\u5de5\u4e1a\u70b9\u6e90\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5316\u80a5\u548c\u519c\u836f\u5236\u9020\uff09\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u6392\u653e\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u56fd\u5bb6\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cNPDES \u8bb8\u53ef\u9650\u5236\u5305\u62ec\u5e38\u89c4\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u751f\u5316\u9700\u6c27\u91cf (BOD)\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u9700\u6c27\u91cf (COD)\u3001pH \u503c\u7b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bb8\u591a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6709\u6bd2\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u201c\u6709\u5bb3\u7269\u8d28\u201d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u4f18\u5148\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u201d(40 CFR \u7b2c 423 \u8282\uff0c\u9644\u5f55 A\uff09\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\u662f\u6740\u866b\u5242\u6216\u6740\u866b\u5242\u914d\u65b9\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u60f0\u6027\u6210\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p>NPDES \u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u5357\u548c\u5dde\u6c34\u8d28\u6807\u51c6\u5305\u542b\u5728\u7b2c 304 \u8282\u4e2d\u3002EPA \u5728 40 CFR 455 \u4e2d\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u519c\u836f\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\u7684\u6d41\u51fa\u7269\u6307\u5357\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u5357\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u57fa\u4e8e\u201c\u5f53\u524d\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u53ef\u884c\u63a7\u5236\u6280\u672f\u201d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff08 BPT\uff09\u3002 A \u5b50\u90e8\u5206\u6db5\u76d6\u6709\u673a\u519c\u836f\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\u5236\u9020\u5b50\u7c7b\u522b\u3002\u91d1\u5c5e\u6709\u673a\u519c\u836f\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\u5236\u9020\u5b50\u7c7b\u5728\u5b50\u90e8\u5206 B \u4e2d\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u519c\u836f\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\u914d\u5236\u548c\u5305\u88c5\u5b50\u7c7b\u5728\u5b50\u90e8\u5206 C \u4e2d\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u519c\u836f\u5236\u9020\u6709\u5e38\u89c4\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u6807\u51c6\uff08BOD\u3001COD\u3001pH \u7b49\uff09\u548c\u5b9a\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\u4e3a\u6d3b\u6027\u6210\u5206\u3002\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u91d1\u5c5e\u6709\u673a\u519c\u836f\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u519c\u836f\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\u914d\u5236\u548c\u5305\u88c5\u201c\u4e0d\u5411\u901a\u822a\u6c34\u57df\u6392\u653e\u201d\u7684\u51c6\u5219\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5dde\u73b0\u5728\u8981\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u751f\u7269\u6d4b\u5b9a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\u6c34\u8d28\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u5de5\u4e1a\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u5bb6\u5ead\u6765\u6e90\u6392\u653e\u5230\u516c\u6709\u5904\u7406\u5382\u7684\u6c61\u6c34\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8054\u90a6 NPDES \u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\uff08\u5dde\u6cd5\u89c4\u5076\u5c14\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5236\u8981\u6c42\u8bb8\u53ef\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5b88\u9884\u5904\u7406\u6cd5\u89c4\u3002 EPA \u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u519c\u836f\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u9884\u5904\u7406\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u89c4\u8303\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7 POTW \u7684\u95f4\u63a5\u6392\u653e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u51c6\u5df2\u5728\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u4e4b\u524d\u88ab\u53d1\u56de\u7ed9 EPA\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u519c\u836f\u884c\u4e1a\u5411\u516c\u6709\u5904\u7406\u5382\u6392\u653e\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u76ee\u524d\u4ec5\u53d7 POTW \u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6c61\u67d3\u6392\u653e\u7981\u4ee4\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u5de5\u4e1a\u6392\u653e\u8005\u548c\u5904\u7406\u5382\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u9075\u5b88\u9884\u5904\u7406\u9650\u5236\u548c\u6307\u5357\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1992 \u5e74 4 \u6708\uff0cEPA \u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u6db5\u76d6\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u62df\u8bae\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5373\u6709\u673a\u519c\u836f\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\u548c\u91d1\u5c5e\u6709\u673a\u519c\u836f\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\u5236\u9020\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u524d\u8005\uff0cEPA \u6253\u7b97\u5c06 BPT \u8981\u6c42\u6269\u5927\u5230\u989d\u5916\u7684 15 \u79cd\u6709\u673a\u548c\u5168\u6709\u673a\u9521\u519c\u836f\u6d3b\u6027\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u6c42\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u8bbe\u65bd\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u53ef\u884c\u6280\u672f\u201d(BAT)\uff1b EPA \u6b63\u5728\u4e3a\u65b0\u8bbe\u65bd\u63d0\u8bae\u65b0\u6e90\u6027\u80fd\u6807\u51c6 (NSPS)\u3002 NSPS \u57fa\u4e8e\u9488\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\uff08\u5373\u5e38\u89c4\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u89c4\u548c\u4f18\u5148\uff09\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u53ef\u7528\u793a\u8303\u5904\u7406\u6280\u672f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7 POTW \u95f4\u63a5\u6392\u653e\u7684\u8bbe\u65bd\u5c06\u9075\u5b88\u73b0\u6709\u6765\u6e90 (PSES) \u6216\u65b0\u6765\u6e90 (PSNS) \u7684\u9884\u5904\u7406\u6807\u51c6\uff1b\u9884\u5904\u7406\u6807\u51c6\u4ee5\u6280\u672f\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e BAT \u6d41\u51fa\u7269\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5f53\u524d BAT \u5b50\u7c7b\uff08\u91d1\u5c5e\u6709\u673a\u519c\u836f\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\u5236\u9020\uff09\u7684 BAT \u9650\u5236\u8981\u6c42\u4e0d\u6392\u653e\u5de5\u827a\u5e9f\u6c34\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u3002 EPA \u672a\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9650\u5236\u505a\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u66f4\u6539\uff0c\u4f46\u63d0\u8bae\u4e3a\u8be5\u5b50\u7c7b\u522b\u4fdd\u7559 BPT\u3001BAT\u3001NSPS\u3001PSES \u548c PSNS\u3002<\/p>\n<p>EPA \u8fd8\u63d0\u8bae\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5b50\u90e8\u5206 D\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7528\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u63d0\u8bae\u7684\u6d41\u51fa\u7269\u9650\u5236\u6307\u5357\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>40 \u7b2c 418 \u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u80a5\u6599\u5236\u9020\u7684\u5e9f\u6c34\u51c6\u5219\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u6db5\u76d6\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b50\u7c7b\u522b\uff1a<\/p>\n<table class=\"croplifetable\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"5\" width=\"50%\" align=\"left\" bgcolor=\"#ffffff\" border=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#ffcc66\">\n<td width=\"50%\"><strong>\u5b50\u7c7b\u522b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>\u5b50\u90e8\u5206<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#ffcc66\">\n<td bgcolor=\"#ffffff\">\u78f7\u9178\u76d0<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#ffffff\">\u53cd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#ffcc66\">\n<td>\u6c28<\/td>\n<td>By<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5c3f\u7d20<\/td>\n<td>\u4e0e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#ffcc66\">\n<td>\u785d\u9178\u94f5<\/td>\n<td>\u9700<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#ffcc66\">\n<td bgcolor=\"#ffffff\">\u785d\u9178<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#ffffff\">\u5728<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#ffcc66\">\n<td>\u786b\u9178\u94f5<\/td>\n<td>F<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6df7\u5408\u80a5\u6599\u751f\u4ea7<\/td>\n<td>G<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td bgcolor=\"#ffcc66\" colspan=\"3\">\n<p class=\"cutline\">\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d41\u51fa\u7269\u51c6\u5219\u6db5\u76d6\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u95f4\u63a5\u6392\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"subhead\">\u96e8\u6c34\u6392\u653e\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1<\/p>\n<p>1990 \u5e74 11 \u6708\uff0cEPA \u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u8981\u6c42 NPDES \u8bb8\u53ef\u201c\u4e0e\u5de5\u4e1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u76f8\u5173\u201d\u7684\u96e8\u6c34\u6392\u653e\u7684\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0855 Federal Register pp. 47990-48091\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u6392\u653e\u901a\u8fc7\u4efb\u4f55\u8fd0\u8f93\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u7ba1\u9053\u3001\u6e20\u9053\u3001\u6c9f\u6e20\u7b49\uff09\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u5236\u9020\u3001\u52a0\u5de5\u6216\u539f\u6750\u6599\u50a8\u5b58\u533a\u57df\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u4e0e\u5de5\u5382\u5de5\u4e1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u529e\u516c\u697c\u548c\u9644\u5c5e\u505c\u8f66\u573a\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u533a\u57df\u7684\u6392\u6c34\u4e0d\u4e0e\u5de5\u5382\u5de5\u4e1a\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6c34\u6df7\u5408\u3002\u6cd5\u89c4 (40 CFR 126) \u901a\u8fc7\u6807\u51c6\u5de5\u4e1a\u4ee3\u7801 (SIC) \u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u6db5\u76d6\u54ea\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u8bbe\u65bd\uff1b\u5305\u62ec\u519c\u836f\u5236\u9020\u548c\u52a0\u5de5\u3001\u5316\u80a5\u5236\u9020\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u6761\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u8bbe\u65bd\u901a\u5e38\u5fc5\u987b\u5355\u72ec\u83b7\u5f97\u8bb8\u53ef\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u96c6\u4f53\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6839\u636e\u8986\u76d6\u5927\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u8bb8\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u8bb8\u53ef\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u5316\u80a5\u5236\u9020\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u96e8\u6c34\u6392\u653e\u6307\u5357 (40 CFR 418)\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u8bbe\u65bd\u5f53\u524d\u62e5\u6709 NPDES \u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u9700\u91c7\u53d6\u4efb\u4f55\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u5230\u671f\u65f6\uff0c\u8bbe\u65bd\u5fc5\u987b\u7533\u8bf7\u4e2a\u4eba\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1995 \u5e74 8 \u6708\uff0cEPA \u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u6700\u7ec8\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4e3a\u6240\u6709 II \u9636\u6bb5\u96e8\u6c34\u6392\u653e\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e24\u7ea7\u987a\u5e8f\u7533\u8bf7\u6d41\u7a0b\u548c\u516d\u5e74\u7533\u8bf7\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u96e8\u6c34\u8bb8\u53ef\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u8bf7\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u8bb8\u53ef\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e4b\u524d\u54a8\u8be2\u8054\u90a6\u548c\u5dde\u8bb8\u53ef\u5f53\u5c40\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u9700\u8981\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1 <strong>\u5373\u4f7f\u901a\u8fc7\u5e02\u653f\u6216\u975e\u5e02\u653f\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u96e8\u6c34\u7ba1\u6392\u653e\u3002 <\/strong>\u5982\u679c\u901a\u8fc7\u5e02\u653f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u96e8\u6c34\u7ba1\u9053\u7cfb\u7edf\u6392\u653e\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u5411\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u8425\u5546\u53d1\u51fa\u989d\u5916\u901a\u77e5 (40 CFR 122.26(a)(4))\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"subhead\">\u5371\u9669\u5e9f\u7269\u6392\u653e<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5236\u5b9a\u4e2d\uff0cEPA \u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u6392\u653e\u5230 POTW \u7684\u5371\u9669\u5e9f\u7269\u7684\u6cd5\u89c4 <strong>\u5728\u6216\u4e4b\u540e <\/strong>1990 \u5e74 8 \u6708 23 \u65e5\u3002\u8be5\u89c4\u5219\u5f71\u54cd\u6240\u6709\u53d7\u5206\u7c7b\u9884\u5904\u7406\u6807\u51c6\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bcf\u5929\u6392\u653e\u8d85\u8fc7 25,000 \u52a0\u4ed1\u6216\u4e0b\u6c34\u9053\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bb9\u91cf\u8d85\u8fc7 5% \u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u5de5\u5382\u3002\u6db5\u76d6\u8bbe\u65bd\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u5b9a\u5176\u4e0b\u6c34\u9053\u6392\u653e\u7269\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u5904\u7f6e\uff09\u662f\u5426\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5371\u9669\u5e9f\u7269\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u6839\u636e <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/lawsregs\/laws\/rcra.html\">\u8d44\u6e90\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u6062\u590d\u6cd5\u6848 <\/a>(RCRA) \u7a0b\u5e8f (40 CFR 262.11)\u3002\u5982\u679c\u786e\u5b9a\u5b83\u662f\u5371\u9669\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6bcf\u4e2a\u63a5\u6536\u5371\u9669\u5e9f\u7269\u7684 POTW\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5730\u533a EPA \u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u544a\u77e5\u6392\u653e\u7c7b\u578b\u53ca\u5176 RCRA \u5206\u7c7b\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8d85\u8fc7 100 \u5343\u514b\/\u6708\u7684\u6392\u653e\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u5173\u4e8e\u6709\u5bb3\u6210\u5206\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u975e\u5206\u7c7b\u5de5\u4e1a\u7528\u6237\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u6240\u6709\u5de5\u4e1a\u7528\u6237\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u6570\u91cf\u6216\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u91cd\u5927\u53d8\u5316\u901a\u77e5\u5176 POTW\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u4ee5\u4e0b\u884c\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u95ea\u70b9\u4f4e\u4e8e 140\u00b0F \u7684\u5e9f\u7269\u6d41\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5728 POTW \u5185\u4ea7\u751f\u6709\u6bd2\u6c14\u4f53\u3001\u84b8\u6c7d\u6216\u70df\u96fe\u7684\u6392\u653e\u7269\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f1a\u5e72\u6270\u6216\u901a\u8fc7 POTW \u7684\u6cb9\u6216\u6cb9\u8102\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5361\u8f66\u548c\u62d6\u8fd0\u5e9f\u7269\u7684\u6392\u653e\uff0cPOTW \u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6392\u653e\u70b9\u9664\u5916\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>CWA \u7b2c 311 \u8282\u6cb9\u7c7b\u548c\u6709\u5bb3\u7269\u8d28\u6e05\u5355\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u67d0\u4e9b\u80a5\u6599\u3001\u6740\u866b\u5242\u548c\u8bb8\u591a\u5728\u6740\u866b\u5242\u914d\u65b9\u4e2d\u7528\u4f5c\u60f0\u6027\u6210\u5206\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002\u9646\u4e0a\u548c\u6d77\u4e0a\u5236\u9020\u6216\u914d\u5236\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u548c\u7ecf\u8425\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u7acb\u5373\u901a\u77e5 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nrc.uscg.mil\/nrchp.html\">\u56fd\u5bb6\u54cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u5fc3 <\/a>\uff08\u7535\u8bdd\uff1a800-424-8802\uff09\u4efb\u4f55\u8d85\u8fc7\u6307\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u7b2c 311 \u8282\u7269\u8d28\u6392\u653e\u5230\u901a\u822a\u6c34\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n<p>EPA \u8981\u6c42\u6240\u6709\u5728\u6cb9\u7f50\u4e2d\u50a8\u5b58\u77f3\u6cb9\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u77f3\u6cb9\u3001\u71c3\u6599\u6cb9\u3001\u6c61\u6ce5\u7b49\uff09\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u9650\u5236\u7684\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u65bd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6392\u653e\u4efb\u4f55\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u5219\u51c6\u5907\u5e76\u5b9e\u65bd\u6cc4\u6f0f\u9884\u9632\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u5bf9\u7b56 (SPCC) \u8ba1\u5212\u6cb9\u8fdb\u5165\u901a\u822a\u6c34\u57df (40 CFR 112)\u3002\u8be5\u8ba1\u5212\u5fc5\u987b\u89c4\u5b9a\u9632\u6b62\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u6e05\u7406\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u8bbe\u65bd\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u8981\u6c42\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9 EPA\u3002\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8981\u6c42\u9488\u5bf9\u6709\u5bb3\u7269\u8d28\u5236\u5b9a SPCC \u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u4f46\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u5e03\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"subhead\">\u6c61\u6c34\u9650\u5236<\/p>\n<p>1996 \u5e74 11 \u6708\uff0cEPA \u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u6700\u7ec8\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u6392\u653e\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u901a\u822a\u6c34\u57df\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u73b0\u6709\u548c\u65b0\u8bbe\u65bd\u914d\u5236\u3001\u5305\u88c5\u548c\u91cd\u65b0\u5305\u88c5\u519c\u836f\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u516c\u6709\u5904\u7406\u5382 (40 CFR 455)\u3002\u8be5\u6cd5\u89c4\u6db5\u76d6\u519c\u836f\u5316\u5b66\u54c1\u70b9\u6e90\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7b\u522b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b50\u7c7b\u522b C\uff1a\u519c\u836f\u914d\u5236\u3001\u5305\u88c5\u548c\u91cd\u65b0\u5305\u88c5 (PFPR)\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e5f\u751f\u4ea7\u519c\u836f\u6d3b\u6027\u6210\u5206\u7684 PFPR \u8bbe\u65bd\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b50\u7c7b\u522b E\uff1a\u519c\u4e1a\u52a0\u6ce8\u673a\u6784\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8be5\u6cd5\u89c4\u4e8e 1997 \u5e74 1 \u6708\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u300a\u6e05\u6d01\u6c34\u6cd5\u300b\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u6392\u653e\u9650\u5236\u3002\u6839\u636e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u52a0\u6ce8\u573a\u6240\u5fc5\u987b\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e9f\u6c34\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u7684\u96f6\u6392\u653e\u3002 PFPR \u8bbe\u65bd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u96f6\u6392\u653e\u548c\u201c\u6c61\u67d3\u9884\u9632\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u65bd\u67d0\u4e9b\u6c61\u67d3\u9884\u9632\u3001\u56de\u6536\u548c\u518d\u5229\u7528\u5b9e\u8df5\u4f7f\u5408\u89c4\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u91c7\u7528\u6b64\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8bbe\u65bd\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u6392\u653e\u6d25\u8d34\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"subhead\">\u5927\u6e56\u5021\u8bae<\/p>\n<p>EPA \u548c\u4e94\u5927\u6e56\u5404\u5dde\u4e8e 1989 \u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u81ea\u613f\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3a\u4e94\u5927\u6e56\u6d41\u57df\u5236\u5b9a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u6c34\u8d28\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5408\u4f5c\u6539\u5584\u4e94\u5927\u6e56\u7684\u6c34\u8d28\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u52aa\u529b\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e94\u5927\u6e56\u6c34\u8d28\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8be5\u534f\u8bae\u4e8e 1990 \u5e74\u6210\u4e3a\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u7684 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/greatlakes\/about.html\">\u5927\u6e56\u533a\u5173\u952e\u9879\u76ee\u6cd5\u3002<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u4e3a EPA \u9881\u5e03\u5173\u4e8e\u6700\u4f4e\u6c34\u8d28\u6807\u51c6\u3001\u5b9e\u65bd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u6297\u9000\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6307\u5357\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e86\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6700\u540e\u671f\u9650\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u6307\u5357\u5c06\u4e8e 1992 \u5e74 6 \u6708\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5927\u6e56\u6c34\u8d28\u5021\u8bae (GLI) \u56e0\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u800c\u653e\u7f13\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u6307\u5357\u8349\u6848\u65f6\u3002\u6839\u636e 1992 \u5e74\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u8981\u6c42 <em>\u56fd\u5bb6\u91ce\u751f\u52a8\u7269\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u8bc9 EPA<\/em>, EPA \u4e8e 1995 \u5e74 3 \u6708\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86 GLI \u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u6307\u5357 (60 FR 15336)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6fc0\u70c8\u8fa9\u8bba\uff0cEPA \u5728 1996 \u5e74 3 \u6708\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u6700\u7ec8\u7684 GLI \u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u884c\u4e1a\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5c16\u9510\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u5404\u5dde\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7eb3\u5165\u5176\u6c34\u8d28\u548c\u91ce\u751f\u52a8\u7269\u4fdd\u62a4\u6807\u51c6\u548c NPDES \u8bb8\u53ef\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5426\u5219 EPA \u5c06\u4e3a\u5176\u9881\u5e03\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002 Great Lakes \u884c\u4e1a\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u8d77\u8bc9 EPA \u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u6216\u5f71\u54cd GLI \u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53 GLI \u5168\u9762\u5b9e\u65bd\u65f6\uff0c\u6d41\u57df\u5185\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u519c\u836f\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u6bcf\u65e5\u6700\u5927\u8d1f\u8377\u603b\u91cf (TMDL) \u8ba1\u5212\u4e0b\u7684\u5f84\u6d41\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u51cf\u5c11\u5f84\u6d41\u3001\u964d\u4f4e\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u3001\u6539\u53d8\u65bd\u7528\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u4fdd\u62a4\u6027\u8015\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u65e8\u5728\u9632\u6b62\u9644\u7740\u6709\u519c\u836f\u548c\u517b\u5206\u7684\u6c89\u79ef\u7269\u79bb\u5f00\u519c\u7530\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1997 \u5e74 6 \u6708\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.uscourts.gov\/courtsofappeals.html\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e0a\u8bc9\u6cd5\u9662 <\/a>\u9a73\u56de\u4e86\u5de5\u4e1a\u754c\u9488\u5bf9 EPA \u9650\u5236\u5411\u4e94\u5927\u6e56\u76c6\u5730\u6392\u653e\u751f\u7269\u7d2f\u79ef\u6027\u6709\u6bd2\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6c34\u6c61\u67d3\u63a7\u5236\u6761\u4f8b\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7d22\u8d54\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u5bf9\u4e24\u9879\u7d22\u8d54\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u8be5\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u88c1\u51b3\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u64a4\u9500\u4e86\u8981\u6c42\u5404\u5dde\u76d1\u7ba1\u5de5\u4e1a\u8bbe\u65bd\u5185\u90e8\u5e9f\u7269\u6d41\u7684\u6761\u6b3e\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u817e\u51fa\u4e86\u6307\u5bfc\u65b9\u9488\u4e2d\u5c06\u9010\u6b65\u505c\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528\u6df7\u5408\u533a\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u540e\u8005\u6301\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u7f8e\u56fd\u73af\u4fdd\u7f72\u4ecd\u5728\u6566\u4fc3\u4e94\u5927\u6e56\u533a\u7684\u516b\u4e2a\u5dde\u9010\u6b65\u53d6\u6d88\u6e05\u6d01\u6c34\u6df7\u5408\u533a\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cEPA \u6253\u7b97\u91cd\u65b0\u63d0\u8bae\u5c06\u9010\u6b65\u6dd8\u6c70\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u9879\u72ec\u7acb\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5e76\u5b8c\u5168\u5e0c\u671b\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5ba1\u67e5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6cd5\u9662\u65e9\u5148\u7684\u5426\u51b3\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u800c\u975e\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"subhead\">\u9762\u6e90\u6c61\u67d3<\/p>\n<p>\u975e\u70b9\u6e90\u6c34\u6c61\u67d3\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u73af\u4fdd\u7f72\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u8d77\u8349\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e3b\u9898 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.eli.org\/\">\u73af\u5883\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u6240 <\/a>\uff08ELI\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u65e8\u5728\u68c0\u67e5\u6709\u5173\u975e\u70b9\u6e90\uff08\u5982\u519c\u4e1a\u3001\u6797\u4e1a\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u5f84\u6d41\uff09\u7684\u5dde\u6c61\u67d3\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002 EPA \u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u7ed3\u679c\u6765\u5236\u5b9a\u63a7\u5236\u975e\u70b9\u6e90\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u63d0\u6848\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63d0\u8bae\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u5173\u4e8e\u91cd\u65b0\u6388\u6743\u6e05\u6d01\u6c34\u6cd5\u6848\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.congress.org\/\">\u56fd\u4f1a<\/a> \u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u5230 2000 \u5e74\u624d\u4f1a\u5360\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1996 \u5e74 5 \u6708\uff0cEPA \u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u975e\u70b9\u6e90\u8ba1\u5212\u548c\u62e8\u6b3e\u6307\u5357\u3002\u8be5\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u613f\u666f\u662f\u5b9e\u65bd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u975e\u70b9\u6e90\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4ee5\u5728 2013 \u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e76\u4fdd\u6301\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6709\u76ca\u5229\u7528\u3002\u8be5\u613f\u666f\u534f\u8c03\u73b0\u6709\u7684 CWA \u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u8ba1\u5212\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba1\u5212\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u56fd\u5bb6 319 \u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u5347\u7ea7\u3001CZARA \u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u3001\u65b0 TMDL \u6307\u5357\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u3001\u6539\u8fdb\u975e\u70b9\u6e90\u53d7\u635f\u6c34\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u3001\u6539\u8fdb\u8425\u517b\u7269\u6c34\u8d28\u6807\u51c6\u6307\u5357\u4ee5\u53ca SDWA \u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"subhead\">\u603b\u6700\u5927\u6bcf\u65e5\u8d1f\u8377 (TMDL)<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u636e CWA \u7b2c 303(d) \u8282\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0cTMDL \u8ba1\u5212\u65e8\u5728\u8bc6\u522b\u6c61\u67d3\u6e90\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u975e\u70b9\u6e90\uff09\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u91cf\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u56fd\u5bb6\u6c34\u8d28\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5404\u90e8\u95e8\u4e4b\u95f4\u5206\u914d\u6c61\u67d3\u63a7\u5236\u8d23\u4efb\u672a\u8fbe\u5230\u6c34\u8d28\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u6d41\u57df\u6c61\u67d3\u6e90\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5404\u5dde\u5fc5\u987b\u5236\u5b9a\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u5dde\u6c34\u8d28\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u53d7\u635f\u6c34\u57df\u6e05\u5355\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u70b9\u6c61\u67d3\u6e90\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u6700\u4f4e\u8981\u6c42\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u63a7\u5236\u6280\u672f\u4e4b\u540e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1998 \u5e74 5 \u6708 20 \u65e5\uff0cTMDL \u8054\u90a6\u54a8\u8be2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u6700\u7ec8\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6539\u5584\u6c34\u8d28\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u519c\u4e1a\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u662f\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u975e\u70b9\u6e90\u6700\u4f73\u7ba1\u7406\u5b9e\u8df5\u4ee5\u53ca\u9488\u5bf9\u70b9\u6e90\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u73b0\u6709\u548c\u65b0\u63a7\u5236\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u6c34\u8d28\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u8be5\u62a5\u544a\u8fd8\u5141\u8bb8\u5404\u56fd\u5b9e\u65bd\u201c\u76d1\u7ba1\u201d\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u5f71\u54cd\u6c34\u8d28\u7684\u9762\u6e90\u6c61\u67d3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1999 \u5e74 8 \u6708 23 \u65e5\uff0cEPA \u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u62df\u8bae\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fee\u8ba2\u3001\u6f84\u6e05\u548c\u52a0\u5f3a\u73b0\u884c\u76d1\u7ba1\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u300a\u6e05\u6d01\u6c34\u6cd5\u300b\u8bc6\u522b\u53d7\u635f\u6c34\u57df\u548c\u5efa\u7acb 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