{"id":22677,"date":"2009-02-11T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2009-02-11T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.farmchemicalsinternational.com\/2009\/02\/11\/federal-insecticide-fungicide-and-rodenticide-act\/"},"modified":"2019-09-16T13:47:32","modified_gmt":"2019-09-16T17:47:32","slug":"federal-insecticide-fungicide-and-rodenticide-act","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/zh\/industry-news\/federal-insecticide-fungicide-and-rodenticide-act\/","title":{"rendered":"\u8054\u90a6\u6740\u866b\u5242\u3001\u6740\u771f\u83cc\u5242\u548c\u706d\u9f20\u5242\u6cd5"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u6839\u636e <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/oecaagct\/lfra.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u8054\u90a6\u6740\u866b\u5242\u3001\u6740\u771f\u83cc\u5242\u548c\u706d\u9f20\u5242\u6cd5 <\/a>\u4fee\u6b63\u6848 (FIFRA) \u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u7f8e\u56fd\u519c\u836f\u5206\u9500\u3001\u9500\u552e\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6cd5\u89c4\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002 1970 \u5e74 12 \u6708\uff0c <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u73af\u4fdd\u5c40 <\/a>(EPA) \u6210\u7acb\u5e76\u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406\u519c\u836f\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\u89c4\u3002\u4ece 1947 \u5e74\u5230 EPA \u6210\u7acb\uff0c <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.usda.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u519c\u4e1a\u90e8 <\/a>\uff08\u7f8e\u56fd\u519c\u4e1a\u90e8\uff09\u8d1f\u6709\u6b64\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>FIFRA \u6388\u4e88\u5404\u5dde\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u6765\u89c4\u8303\u519c\u836f\u7684\u5206\u9500\u3001\u9500\u552e\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u90fd\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5dde\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8981\u6c42\u9075\u5b88\u3002<\/p>\n<p>FIFRA \u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6740\u866b\u5242\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u65e8\u5728\u9884\u9632\u3001\u7834\u574f\u3001\u9a71\u9664\u6216\u51cf\u8f7b\u4efb\u4f55\u5bb3\u866b\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u7269\u8d28\u6216\u7269\u8d28\u6df7\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e8\u5728\u7528\u4f5c\u690d\u7269\u8c03\u8282\u5242\u3001\u8131\u53f6\u5242\u6216\u5e72\u71e5\u5242\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u7269\u8d28\u6216\u7269\u8d28\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u5e7f\u6cdb\u800c\u5168\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<p>EPA \u5c06\u6ce8\u518c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u5728\u5dde\u5185\u6216\u5dde\u9645\u5546\u4e1a\u4e2d\u9500\u552e\u6216\u5206\u9500\u65b0\u519c\u836f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5728 EPA \u6b63\u5f0f\u767b\u8bb0\u65b0\u519c\u836f\u201d\u3002 EPA \u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0a\u5e02\u524d\u8bb8\u53ef\u57fa\u4e8e\u201c\u8bc1\u660e\u6309\u7167\u6279\u51c6\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u8bf4\u660e\u4f7f\u7528\u519c\u836f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5065\u5eb7\u6216\u73af\u5883\u9020\u6210\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u4e0d\u5229\u5f71\u54cd\u201d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5b83\u8fd8\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u672c\u4e0e\u6536\u76ca\u3002\u6839\u636e FIFRA\uff0c\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u8bc1\u660e\u519c\u836f\u4ea7\u54c1\u7b26\u5408\u6240\u6709\u6ce8\u518c\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5fc5\u987b\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u519c\u836f\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5dde\u7684\u76f8\u5e94\u5dde\u673a\u6784\u6ce8\u518c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u9500\u552e\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"subhead\">\u519c\u836f\u9879\u76ee\u529e\u516c\u5ba4<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u636e <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/pesticides\/contacts\/index.htm\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u519c\u836f\u8ba1\u5212\u529e\u516c\u5ba4 <\/a>(OPP) \u8d1f\u8d23\u7ba1\u7406\u519c\u836f\u7ba1\u7406\u6cd5\u89c4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>OPP \u63d0\u4f9b\u519c\u836f\u767b\u8bb0\u5305\u3002\u6b64\u6570\u636e\u5305\u5305\u62ec\u4fee\u8ba2\u540e\u7684 FIFRA\u3001OPP \u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8054\u7cfb\u4eba\u5217\u8868\u3001\u6ce8\u518c\u6216\u7ef4\u62a4\u6ce8\u518c\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8868\u683c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bc6\u94a5 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/opppmsd1\/PR_Notices\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u516c\u5173<\/a> \uff08\u519c\u836f\u6cd5\u89c4\uff09\u4e0e\u6ce8\u518c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u901a\u77e5\u3002 OPP \u4e2d\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u7ecf\u7406\u6216\u76d1\u7ba1\u884c\u52a8\u8054\u7edc\u5458\u8d1f\u8d23\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u519c\u836f\u6216\u519c\u836f\u7ec4\u3002\u6ce8\u518c\u5904\u8d1f\u8d23\u5e38\u89c4\u519c\u836f\u7684\u6ce8\u518c\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u519c\u836f\u548c\u6c61\u67d3\u5904\u8d1f\u8d23\u751f\u7269\u519c\u836f\u7684\u6ce8\u518c\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"subhead\">EPA\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e94\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u519c\u836f\u6ce8\u518c\u5141\u8bb8\u6ce8\u518c\u4eba\u5408\u6cd5\u9500\u552e\u5176\u519c\u836f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6ce8\u518c\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7b2c\u4e09\u8282 \u6ce8\u518c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c 3 \u8282\u6ce8\u518c\u4e3a\u6ce8\u518c\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u7b2c 3 \u8282\u6ce8\u518c\uff0c\u6ce8\u518c\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4ea4\u6570\u636e\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u5176\u6ce8\u518c\u548c\/\u6216\u5f15\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u5176\u6ce8\u518c\uff08\u5168\u90e8\u5f15\u7528\uff09\u548c\/\u6216\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff08\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5f15\u7528\uff09\u3002\u6240\u6709\u9009\u9879\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4ea7\u54c1\u5316\u5b66\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u5e76\u4e14\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5728\u6ce8\u518c\u4eba\u63d0\u4ea4\u524d\u4e0d\u5230 15 \u5e74\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u6ce8\u518c\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u652f\u4ed8\u8865\u507f\u3002\u6ce8\u518c\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u53ea\u8981 EPA \u5df2\u6279\u51c6\u8be5\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u6ce8\u518c\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5141\u8bb8\u5176\u4ed6\u6ce8\u518c\u4eba\u57fa\u4e8e\u5176\u6ce8\u518c\u83b7\u5f97\u914d\u65b9\u5e08\u8c41\u514d\u6ce8\u518c\u6216\u5206\u9500\u5546\u6ce8\u518c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u914d\u65b9\u5e08\u8c41\u514d\u6ce8\u518c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u914d\u65b9\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e08\u7684\u8c41\u514d\u6ce8\u518c\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6ce8\u518c\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u5b9a\u5df2\u6ce8\u518c\uff08\u7b2c 3 \u8282\uff09\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u6210\u5206\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u6ce8\u518c\u6765\u6e90\u8fbe\u6210\u4e1a\u52a1\u5b89\u6392\u4ee5\u4f9b\u5e94\u6d3b\u6027\u6210\u5206\u3002\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4ea4\u6216\u5f15\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u636e\u6765\u652f\u6301\u914d\u65b9\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e08\u5bf9\u6d3b\u6027\u6210\u5206\u7684\u8c41\u514d\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4ea7\u54c1\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u6765\u652f\u6301\u914d\u65b9\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7ecf\u9500\u5546\u767b\u8bb0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5206\u9500\u5546\u7684\u6ce8\u518c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u586b\u5199\u5e76\u63d0\u4ea4\u201c\u5206\u9500\u8865\u5145\u6ce8\u518c\u901a\u77e5\u201d\uff08EPA \u8868\u683c 8570-5\uff09\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u3002\u7ecf\u9500\u5546\u4ea7\u54c1\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u57fa\u672c\u6ce8\u518c\u4ea7\u54c1\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6210\u5206\u3002\u7ecf\u9500\u5546\u54c1\u724c\u4ea7\u54c1\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u5236\u9020\u548c\u5305\u88c5\u6ce8\u518c\u57fa\u7840\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u4eba\u5236\u9020\u548c\u5305\u88c5\u3002\u5206\u9500\u5546\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u4e0e\u57fa\u672c\u4ea7\u54c1\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u58f0\u660e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5176\u4ed6\u6807\u7b7e\u66f4\u6539\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5220\u9664\u7279\u5b9a\u6807\u7b7e\u58f0\u660e\u3002\u4ea7\u54c1\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u7559\u5728\u5236\u9020\u5546\u672a\u7834\u635f\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u4e2d\u3002\u6807\u7b7e\u5fc5\u987b\u5e26\u6709\u57fa\u672c\u6ce8\u518c\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684 EPA \u6ce8\u518c\u53f7\uff0c\u540e\u8ddf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u5b57\u7b26\u548c\u7ecf\u9500\u5546\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u7f16\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5206\u9500\u5546\u4ea7\u54c1\u5fc5\u987b\u5e26\u6709\u7b26\u5408\u201c\u5305\u88c5\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5206\u9500\u201d\u6216\u201c\u9500\u552e\u201d\u7b49\u6761\u6b3e\u7684\u5206\u9500\u5546\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u660e\u8be5\u540d\u79f0\u4e0d\u662f\u5236\u9020\u5546\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u5206\u9500\u5546\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u57fa\u672c\u6ce8\u518c\u4eba\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5f53\u5730\u7279\u6b8a\u9700\u8981\uff08\u7b2c 24(c) \u6761\uff09\u6ce8\u518c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u5411\u6709\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5dde\u7684\u519c\u836f\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u5f53\u5730\u7279\u6b8a\u9700\u8981 (SLN) \u6ce8\u518c\u3002\u5982\u679c SLN \u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u5dde\uff0c\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u5206\u522b\u5411\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5dde\u63d0\u51fa\u7533\u8bf7\u3002 SLN \u5fc5\u987b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u5728\u8054\u90a6\u6ce8\u518c\uff08\u7b2c 3 \u8282\u6216\u914d\u65b9\u5546\u8c41\u514d\uff09\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u5982\u679c SLN \u6ce8\u518c\u7528\u4e8e\u98df\u54c1\u6216\u9972\u6599\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u98df\u54c1\u6216\u9972\u6599\u7528\u9014\u5fc5\u987b\u5b58\u5728\u8010\u53d7\u6027\u6216\u8c41\u514d\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u65e6\u56fd\u5bb6\u6279\u51c6 SLN \u6ce8\u518c\uff0cEPA \u5c06\u5ba1\u67e5\u7533\u8bf7\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7d27\u6025\u8c41\u514d\uff08\u7b2c 18 \u6761\uff09\u6ce8\u518c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c 18 \u8282\u7d27\u6025\u8c41\u514d\u53ef\u7531\u5dde\u542f\u52a8\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u7d27\u6025\u6709\u5bb3\u751f\u7269\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5411\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5916\uff0c\u6ce8\u518c\u4eba\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u53c2\u4e0e\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8bf7\u6c42\u7d27\u6025\u8c41\u514d\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6ce8\u518c\uff0c\u4f46\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u6c38\u4e45\u6216\u4e34\u65f6\u7684\u8010\u53d7\u6027\u6216\u8c41\u514d\u7b2c 18 \u8282\u6240\u6db5\u76d6\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4f5c\u7269\u7684\u8010\u53d7\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u636e <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/pesticides\/regulating\/laws\/fqpa\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u98df\u54c1\u8d28\u91cf\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5 <\/a>(FQPA)\uff0c\u6839\u636e FIFRA \u7b2c 18 \u6761\uff0cEPA \u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u6743\u5728\u7d27\u6025\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u51c6\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u672a\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u6740\u866b\u5242\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u65b0\u6cd5\u5f8b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u5b83\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u8010\u53d7\u6027\u65f6\uff0cEPA \u5fc5\u987b\u6839\u636e\u65b0\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u5065\u5eb7\u7684 FQPA \u6807\u51c6\u53d1\u73b0\u519c\u836f\u7684\u603b\u66b4\u9732\u91cf\u548c\u7d2f\u79ef\u66b4\u9732\u91cf\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"subhead\">\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u548c\u751f\u5316\u5bb3\u866b\u9632\u6cbb\u5242\u6ce8\u518c<\/p>\n<p>1994\u5e74\uff0cEPA\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u519c\u836f\u548c\u6c61\u67d3\u9632\u6cbb\u5904\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u751f\u7269\u519c\u836f\u7684\u767b\u8bb0\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u751f\u7269\u519c\u836f\u5305\u62ec\u751f\u5316\u5bb3\u866b\u9632\u6cbb\u5242\uff08BPCA\uff09\u3001\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5bb3\u866b\u9632\u6cbb\u5242\uff08MPCA\uff09\u548c\u5177\u6709\u6740\u866b\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u8f6c\u57fa\u56e0\u690d\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"subhead\">FIFRA \u79d1\u5b66\u987e\u95ee\u5c0f\u7ec4<\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/scipoly\/sap\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u79d1\u5b66\u987e\u95ee\u56e2 <\/a>(SAP) \u6210\u7acb\u4e8e 1975 \u5e74\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u5c31\u4e0e\u76d1\u7ba1\u51b3\u7b56\u6709\u5173\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u5411 EPA \u63d0\u4f9b\u5efa\u8bae\u3002\u4f1a\u5458\u8d44\u683c\u7531\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e03\u540d\u6210\u5458\u6388\u6743\u3002 FIFRA \u7684 1988 \u5e74\u4fee\u6b63\u6848 (FIFRA Lite) \u4f7f SAP \u6210\u4e3a EPA \u5185\u7684\u5e38\u8bbe\u673a\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"subhead\">\u964d\u4f4e\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u519c\u836f\u5021\u8bae<\/p>\n<p>1996 \u5e74\u7684 FQPA \u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u519c\u836f\u548c\u5e38\u89c4\u519c\u836f\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u901f\u519c\u836f\u6ce8\u518c\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4eec\u5b8c\u6210\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e00\u9879\u6216\u591a\u9879\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. <\/strong>\u964d\u4f4e\u519c\u836f\u5bf9\u4eba\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002<br \/>\n<strong>2. <\/strong>\u964d\u4f4e\u6740\u866b\u5242\u5bf9\u975e\u76ee\u6807\u751f\u7269\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002<br \/>\n<strong>3. <\/strong>\u51cf\u5c11\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u3001\u5730\u8868\u6c34\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u73af\u5883\u8d44\u6e90\u53d7\u5230\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<br \/>\n<strong>4. <\/strong>\u6269\u5927 IPM \u7b56\u7565\u7684\u91c7\u7528\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u6216\u4f7f\u6b64\u7c7b\u7b56\u7565\u66f4\u53ef\u7528\u6216\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"subhead\">FIFRA \u826f\u597d\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u89c4\u8303<\/p>\n<p>FIFRA \u826f\u597d\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u89c4\u8303 (GLP) \u6807\u51c6\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u5fc5\u987b\u9075\u5faa\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u89c4\u8303\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed9 EPA \u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u8bb8\u53ef\u6216\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8981\u6c42\u5728 40 CFR 160 \u4e2d\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf4\u660e\u3002GLP \u6cd5\u89c4\u6700\u521d\u4e8e 1983 \u5e74 11 \u6708\u5728\u8054\u90a6\u516c\u62a5\u4e0a\u9881\u5e03\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e 1989 \u5e74 8 \u6708\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4fee\u8ba2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>GLP \u6807\u51c6\u7684\u5408\u89c4\u6027\u901a\u8fc7 EPA \u548c <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u98df\u54c1\u548c\u836f\u7269\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"subhead\">\u6210\u5206\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u767e\u5206\u6bd4<\/p>\n<p>\u519c\u836f\u6cd5\u89c4 (PR) \u901a\u77e5 91-2 \u8981\u6c42\u201c\u6807\u7b7e\u4e0a\u6210\u5206\u8bf4\u660e\u4e2d\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u6210\u5206\u542b\u91cf\uff08\u91cd\u91cf\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\uff09\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u6807\u79f0\u6d53\u5ea6\u8868\u793a\u3002\u201d\u6807\u79f0\u6d53\u5ea6\u662f\u4e0a\u4e0b\u9650\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u3002\u5b83\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ece\u4e94\u4e2a\u6216\u66f4\u591a\u5178\u578b\u5236\u9020\u6279\u6b21\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u6837\u54c1\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u9650\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5411 EPA \u63d0\u51fa\u6807\u79f0\u6d53\u5ea6\u65f6\uff0c\u6ce8\u518c\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u5411 EPA \u63d0\u4f9b\u81f3\u5c11\u4e94\u4e2a\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u6837\u54c1\u7684\u5206\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u539f\u59cb\u5206\u6790\u6570\u636e\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bcf\u79cd\u6d3b\u6027\u3001\u60f0\u6027\u6210\u5206\u548c\u5177\u6709\u6bd2\u7406\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6742\u8d28\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u9650\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"subhead\">\u672a\u6ce8\u518c\u519c\u836f\u7684\u5e7f\u544a<\/p>\n<p>\u519c\u836f\u7684\u5206\u9500\u3001\u9500\u552e\u548c\u8981\u7ea6\u9500\u552e\u53d7 EPA \u76d1\u7ba1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>EPA \u8ba4\u4e3a\u653e\u7f6e\u6216\u8d5e\u52a9\u5efa\u8bae\u6216\u5efa\u8bae\u9500\u552e\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u6740\u866b\u5242\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\u662f\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.&#160;<\/strong>\u7b2c 5 \u8282 \u2013 \u5b9e\u9a8c\u4f7f\u7528\u8bb8\u53ef\u3002<br \/>\n<strong>2.&#160;<\/strong>\u7b2c 18 \u8282 \u2013 \u7d27\u6025\u8c41\u514d\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e7f\u544a\u9664\u5916\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5a92\u4f53\u662f\u5426\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u8c41\u514d\u5730\u7406\u533a\u57df\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u5bb6\u6216\u591a\u5bb6\u9500\u552e\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u96f6\u552e\u5e97\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca<\/li>\n<li>\u7a81\u51fa\u5730\u786e\u5b9a\u8c41\u514d\u4e0b\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>3.&#160;<\/strong>\u7b2c 24(c) \u6761\u5f53\u5730\u7279\u6b8a\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5e7f\u544a\u5305\u542b\u8868\u660e\u5f53\u5730\u7279\u6b8a\u9700\u6c42\u9650\u5236\u7684\u663e\u7740\u901a\u77e5\u3002<br \/>\n<strong>4.&#160;<\/strong>\u4efb\u4f55\u672a\u6ce8\u518c\u6740\u866b\u5242\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\u6216\u5df2\u6ce8\u518c\u6740\u866b\u5242\u7684\u672a\u6ce8\u518c\u4f7f\u7528\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u7b2c 18 \u8282\u7d27\u6025\u8c41\u514d\u6216\u7b2c 24(c) \u8282\u7279\u6b8a\u5f53\u5730\u9700\u8981\u5141\u8bb8\u548c\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"subhead\">\u519c\u836f\u751f\u4ea7\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u767b\u8bb0\u548c\u62a5\u544a<\/p>\n<p>40 CFR 167 \u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u6709\u5173\u519c\u836f\u751f\u4ea7\u4f01\u4e1a\u6ce8\u518c\u548c\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6cd5\u89c4\u8981\u6c42\u201c\u4efb\u4f55\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u5982\u679c\u5b9e\u9645\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u6216\u6253\u7b97\u7528\u4f5c\u519c\u836f\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u6210\u5206\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u6ce8\u518c\u4ed6\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u3002\u8be5\u89c4\u5219\u6db5\u76d6\u4efb\u4f55\u6d3b\u6027\u6210\u5206\u3001\u519c\u836f\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u751f\u7269\u6280\u672f\u519c\u836f\u4ea7\u54c1\uff09\u6216\u8bbe\u5907\u751f\u4ea7\u673a\u6784\u3002\u6b64\u89c4\u5219\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6405\u62cc\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u89c4\u5219\u6db5\u76d6\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528 EPA \u8868\u683c\u62a5\u544a\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u6bcf\u79cd\u6740\u866b\u5242\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e00\u5e74\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u5f53\u5e74\u9884\u8ba1\u751f\u4ea7\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e00\u5e74\u9500\u552e\u6216\u5206\u9500\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u5916\u56fd\u751f\u4ea7\u4f01\u4e1a\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u62a5\u544a\u51fa\u53e3\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"subhead\">\u8bb0\u5f55\u4fdd\u5b58\u548c\u4fdd\u7559<\/p>\n<p>\u4efb\u4f55\u7528\u4e8e\u5546\u4e1a\u9500\u552e\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u51fa\u53e3\u4ea7\u54c1\uff09\u7684\u6740\u866b\u5242\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u6d3b\u6027\u6210\u5206\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u5546\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u7559\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u5206\u9500\u5546\u3001\u627f\u8fd0\u4eba\u3001\u7ecf\u9500\u5546\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u9500\u552e\u6216\u8981\u7ea6\u9500\u552e\u3001\u4ea4\u4ed8\u6216\u8981\u7ea6\u4ea4\u4ed8\u4efb\u4f55\u6740\u866b\u5242\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u6740\u866b\u5242\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u6210\u5206\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u7559\u6b64\u7c7b\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>EPA \u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u5dde\u6216\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5206\u652f\u673a\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5408\u7406\u901a\u77e5\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u590d\u5236\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4efb\u4f55\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"subhead\">\u73b0\u6709\u5e93\u5b58 \u2013 EPA \u653f\u7b56<\/p>\n<p>1996 \u5e74 FQPA \u7684\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06 EPA \u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u5e93\u5b58\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u7f16\u5165\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u6839\u636e FQPA\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u5141\u8bb8\u7ee7\u7eed\u9500\u552e\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u5e93\u5b58\u7684\u5df2\u6682\u505c\u6216\u53d6\u6d88\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u519c\u836f\uff0c\u5176\u8303\u56f4\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u6b64\u7c7b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u76ee\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"subhead\">\u6b21\u8981\u7528\u9014\u4f5c\u7269\/\u5546\u54c1<\/p>\n<p>FIFRA \u7b2c 3(c)(2)(A) \u8282\u8981\u6c42 EPA \u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u201c\u5728\u9488\u5bf9\u5c11\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u519c\u836f\u6ce8\u518c\u6570\u636e\u8981\u6c42\u5236\u5b9a\u6807\u51c6\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u4f7f\u6b64\u7c7b\u6807\u51c6\u4e0e\u9884\u671f\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u76f8\u79f0\u3001\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u548c\u519c\u4e1a\u5bf9\u6b64\u7c7b\u6b21\u8981\u7528\u9014\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u6709\u76ca\u6216\u4e0d\u5229\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u548c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u51c6\u65f6\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5e94\u8003\u8651\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u3001\u5206\u5e03\u8303\u56f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u6ee1\u8db3\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u6210\u672c\u5bf9\u6fc0\u52b1\u4efb\u4f55\u6f5c\u5728\u6ce8\u518c\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u6240\u9700\u6570\u636e\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7b49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56e0\u7d20\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"subhead\">\u6b21\u8981\u7528\u9014\u6216\u4f5c\u7269\u2014\u2014\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6ce8\u518c<\/p>\n<table class=\"croplifetable\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"5\" width=\"50%\" align=\"right\" bgcolor=\"#ffffff\" border=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th align=\"center\" colspan=\"3\">\u8fd9\u91cc\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u4f5c\u7269\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7269<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#ffcc66\">\n<td width=\"50%\">\u674f\u4ec1<\/td>\n<td>\u571f\u8c46<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#ffcc66\">\n<td bgcolor=\"#ffffff\">\u82f9\u679c<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#ffffff\">\u7c73<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#ffcc66\">\n<td>\u5927\u9ea6<\/td>\n<td>\u9ed1\u9ea6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#ffcc66\">\n<td bgcolor=\"#ffffff\">\u8c46\u5b50\uff08\u5e72\u7684\u548c\u8106\u7684\uff09<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#ffffff\">\u8349\u76ae\u519c\u573a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#ffcc66\">\n<td>\u6cb9\u83dc<\/td>\n<td>\u9ad8\u7cb1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#ffcc66\">\n<td bgcolor=\"#ffffff\">\u7389\u7c73\uff08\u751c\u3001\u7530\u3001\u6d41\u884c\uff09<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#ffffff\">\u5927\u8c46<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#ffcc66\">\n<td>\u68c9\u82b1\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u68c9\u7c7d\uff09<\/td>\n<td>\u751c\u83dc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#ffcc66\">\n<td bgcolor=\"#ffffff\">\u8461\u8404<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#ffffff\">\u7518\u8517<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#ffcc66\">\n<td>\u5e72\u8349\uff08\u7d2b\u82b1\u82dc\u84ff\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\uff09<\/td>\n<td>\u5411\u65e5\u8475<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#ffcc66\">\n<td bgcolor=\"#ffffff\">\u71d5\u9ea6<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#ffffff\">\u70df\u8349<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td bgcolor=\"#ffcc66\">\u6a58\u5b50<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#ffcc66\">\u756a\u8304<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr bgcolor=\"#ffcc66\">\n<td bgcolor=\"#ffffff\">\u82b1\u751f<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#ffffff\">\u8349\u76ae<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td bgcolor=\"#ffcc66\">\u80e1\u6843<\/td>\n<td bgcolor=\"#ffcc66\">\u5c0f\u9ea6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\">\n<p class=\"cutline\">\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u79cd\u690d\u7684\u4f5c\u7269\u90fd\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u6b21\u8981\u7528\u9014\u4f5c\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u53d8\u5f97\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u7559\u6216\u83b7\u5f97\u5c0f\u7528\u9014\u6216\u4f5c\u7269\u6240\u9700\u519c\u836f\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1996 \u5e74 FQPA \u7684\u901a\u8fc7\u663e\u7740\u4fee\u6539\u4e86 FIFRA \u4ee5\u534f\u52a9\u5c0f\u4f5c\u7269\u3002\u65b0\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5c06\u65b0\u519c\u836f\u6d3b\u6027\u6210\u5206\u6570\u636e\u7684\u72ec\u5bb6\u4f7f\u7528\u671f\u9650\u5ef6\u957f\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u9881\u5e03\u540e\u7684\u524d\u4e03\u5e74\u72ec\u5bb6\u4f7f\u7528\u671f\u5185\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e09\u4e2a\u6b21\u8981\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u603b\u5171\u4e09\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u73b0\u6709\u519c\u836f\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3a\u589e\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u6b21\u8981\u7528\u9014\u63d0\u4f9b 10 \u5e74\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8865\u507f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6b21\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u6761\u6b3e\u5141\u8bb8\u653e\u5f03\u6570\u636e\u8981\u6c42\u6216\u5ef6\u957f\u5f00\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u5feb\u6b21\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u6ce8\u518c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1996 \u5e74\u7684 FQPA \u8981\u6c42 EPA \u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b21\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u8ba1\u5212\u6765\u534f\u8c03\u6b21\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5305\u62ec IR-4 \u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u6740\u866b\u5242\u6297\u6027\u76d1\u6d4b\u8ba1\u5212\u3001IPM \u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u79cd\u690d\u8005\u534f\u5546\u3002 FQPA \u8fd8\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u5faa\u73af\u57fa\u91d1 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ustreas.gov\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d22\u653f\u90e8<\/a> \u5e2e\u52a9\u6ce8\u518c\u6b21\u8981\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6ce8\u518c\u662f\u7531\u57fa\u672c\u6ce8\u518c\u4eba\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6ce8\u518c\u4eba\u6301\u6709\u7684\u6ce8\u518c\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6ce8\u518c\u4eba\u662f\u79cd\u690d\u8005\u56e2\u4f53\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f46\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u673a\u5236\u662f\u7b2c 24(c) \u8282\u6216\u5f53\u5730\u7279\u6b8a\u9700\u6c42\u6ce8\u518c\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"subhead\">\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e\u4e66<\/p>\n<p>OPP \u4e3a\u519c\u836f\u5236\u5b9a\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e\u4e66\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6ce8\u518c\u6807\u51c6\u6d41\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6ce8\u518c\u65b0\u6d3b\u6027\u6210\u5206\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e\u4e66\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u7279\u5b9a\u6d3b\u6027\u6210\u5206\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5f53\u53d1\u5e03\u6ce8\u518c\u6807\u51c6\u3001\u6ce8\u518c\u65b0\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u6210\u5206\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u6ce8\u518c\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u6216\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u6d3b\u6027\u6210\u5206\u4ea7\u751f\u4e89\u8bae\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5236\u5b9a\u60c5\u51b5\u8bf4\u660e\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"subhead\">\u81f4\u764c\u6027\u5206\u7c7b<\/p>\n<p>EPA \u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u201c\u8bc1\u636e\u6743\u91cd\u201d\u5206\u7c7b\u8fdb\u884c\u81f4\u764c\u7269\u98ce\u9669\u8bc4\u4f30\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\"><strong>A\u7ec4<\/strong> \u2013 \u4eba\u7c7b\u81f4\u764c\u7269\u3002<br \/>\n<strong>B1\u7ec4<\/strong> \u2013 \u57fa\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u52a8\u7269\u548c\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u81f4\u764c\u7269\u3002<br \/>\n<strong>B2\u7ec4<\/strong> \u2013 \u57fa\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u52a8\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u81f4\u764c\u7269\u3002<br \/>\n<strong>C\u7ec4<\/strong> \u2013 \u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u81f4\u764c\u7269\u3002<br \/>\n<strong>D\u7ec4<\/strong> \u2013 \u4e0d\u53ef\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u81f4\u764c\u6027\u3002<br \/>\n<strong>E\u7ec4<\/strong> \u2013 \u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u975e\u81f4\u764c\u6027\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\uff1a <em>\u81f4\u764c\u7269\u98ce\u9669\u8bc4\u4f30\u6307\u5357<\/em>.\u8054\u90a6\u516c\u62a5 51(185):33992-34003\uff0c1986 \u5e74 9 \u6708 24 \u65e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"subhead\">\u996e\u98df\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u786e\u5b9a<\/p>\n<p>\u81b3\u98df\u81f4\u764c\u98ce\u9669\u662f\u66b4\u9732\u548c Q* \u7684\u4e58\u79ef\u3002 Q* \u662f\u519c\u836f\u81f4\u764c\u6548\u529b\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u9ad8 Q* \u8868\u793a\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u81f4\u764c\u6f5c\u529b\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u996e\u98df\u4e2d\u6240\u542b\u4f4e\u6c34\u5e73\u6740\u866b\u5242\u9884\u671f\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u9884\u671f\u80bf\u7624\uff08\u6076\u6027\u548c\u826f\u6027\uff09\u53d1\u75c5\u7387\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u3002\u5b83\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46 EPA \u5728\u5176\u996e\u98df\u98ce\u9669\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u3002 Q* \u4e0e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u81f4\u764c\u7269\u5206\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u519c\u836f\u7684\u81b3\u98df\u98ce\u9669\u7531 EPA \u8ba1\u7b97\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 40px\">\u66b4\u9732 x Q* = \u81b3\u98df\u81f4\u764c\u98ce\u9669<\/p>\n<p>\u968f\u7740 1996 \u5e74\u98df\u54c1\u8d28\u91cf\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5 (FQPA) \u7684\u901a\u8fc7\uff0cEPA \u4e0d\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u8bc4\u4f30\u996e\u98df\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u8bc4\u4f30\u5404\u79cd\u66b4\u9732\u7684\u7d2f\u79ef\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cEPA \u5fc5\u987b\u7279\u522b\u8003\u8651\u5a74\u513f\u548c\u513f\u7ae5\u996e\u98df\u4e2d\u519c\u836f\u6b8b\u7559\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"subhead\">\u56fd\u5bb6\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u4fdd\u62a4\u7ba1\u7406\u8ba1\u5212<\/p>\n<p>EPA 1991 \u5e74 10 \u6708\u7684\u201c\u6740\u866b\u5242\u548c\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u6218\u7565\u201d\u65e8\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u52a0\u5f3a\u6740\u866b\u5242\u7ba1\u7406\u5b9e\u8df5\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u5404\u5dde\u4fdd\u62a4\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u67d0\u4e9b\u519c\u836f\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6216\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5408\u9002\uff0c\u5404\u5dde\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u65bd\u5dde\u7ba1\u7406\u8ba1\u5212 (SMP) \u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9650\u5236\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u8d44\u6e90\u9020\u6210\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u519c\u836f\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7f16\u5199 SMP \u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5dde\u90fd\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u5730\u8868\u6c34\u548c\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5728 SMP 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