{"id":52796,"date":"2015-02-27T09:25:26","date_gmt":"2015-02-27T14:25:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.farmchemicalsinternational.com\/?p=52796"},"modified":"2015-02-27T09:25:26","modified_gmt":"2015-02-27T14:25:26","slug":"aquatic-risk-assessments-for-pesticide-combination-products-in-the-eu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agribusinessglobal.com\/zh\/agrochemicals\/aquatic-risk-assessments-for-pesticide-combination-products-in-the-eu\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6b27\u76df\u519c\u836f\u590d\u914d\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u6c34\u751f\u98ce\u9669\u8bc4\u4f30"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4eca\u5929\u5728\u6b27\u76df\uff0c\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u6bd2\u6027\u8bc4\u4f30\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u519c\u836f\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u7ade\u4e89\u6216\u4e92\u8865\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u76d1\u7ba1\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u4e89\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65b0\u7684\u6b27\u76df\u6cd5\u89c4 (EC) No. 1107\/2009 \u4e8e 2009 \u5e74 11 \u6708 24 \u65e5\u9996\u6b21\u53d1\u5e03\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e\u540c\u5e74 12 \u6708 14 \u65e5\u751f\u6548\u3002\u81ea2011\u5e746\u670814\u65e5\u8d77\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u3002\u65b0\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u89c4\u5b9a\u662f\u201c\u9884\u671f\u7684\u7d2f\u79ef\u548c\u534f\u540c\u6548\u5e94\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u73af\u5883\u98ce\u9669\u8bc4\u4f30\u5e94\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u5316\u5b66\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u5bf9\u975e\u76ee\u6807\u751f\u7269\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u589e\u5f3a\u6bd2\u6027\u7684\u8003\u8651.<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u53cd\u9988\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6ee1\u8db3\u6b64\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u6709\u542b\u6709\u6d3b\u6027\u6210\u5206\u548c\u591a\u79cd\u6dfb\u52a0\u5242\u7684\u690d\u7269\u4fdd\u62a4\u4ea7\u54c1\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u589e\u5f3a\u6bd2\u6027\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u3002\u52a0\u91cd\u7684\u6bd2\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u6216\u51e0\u79cd\u8f85\u6599\u7684\u56fa\u6709\u6bd2\u6027\u6216\u589e\u52a0\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5229\u7528\u5ea6\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0cUmweltbundesamt\uff08UBA 2013\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u5206\u6790\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u5242\u4e3b\u8981\u4e0e\u4e0d\u592a\u654f\u611f\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u663e\u7740\u589e\u52a0\u6700\u654f\u611f\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u6bd2\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u6bd2\u6027\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u5355\u72ec\u914d\u65b9\u65e0\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n

EFSA \u79d1\u5b66\u610f\u89c1 (2013) \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8003\u8651\u7ec4\u5408\u6bd2\u6027\u7684\u7b80\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u534f\u540c\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\u5e76\u4e14\u6240\u6709\u5355\u4e2a\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u5546\u6570\uff08\u6b64\u5904\uff1a\u66b4\u9732-\u6bd2\u6027-\u6bd4\u7387\uff1aETRi\uff09\u4f4e\u4e8e\u89e6\u53d1\u9664\u4ee5\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u6bd2\u6027\u8bc4\u4f30\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u6bd2\u6027\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5355\u4e00\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6bd2\u6027\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u79cd\u6d3b\u6027\u6210\u5206\u81f3\u5c11\u5360\u603b\u6bd2\u6027\u7684 90%\uff0c\u5219\u98ce\u9669\u8bc4\u4f30\u53ef\u80fd\u57fa\u4e8e\u8be5\u5355\u4e00\u9a71\u52a8\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u6709\u5173\u603b\u4f53\u6bd2\u6027\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6b27\u6d32\u98df\u54c1\u5b89\u5168\u5c40\u9e1f\u7c7b\u548c\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u6307\u5bfc\u6587\u4ef6 (2009) \u4e2d\u8be6\u8ff0\u7684\u201c\u6bcf\u90e8\u5206\u6bd2\u6027\u201d\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u5bf9\u603b\u6bd2\u6027\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8d21\u732e\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u800c\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u504f\u79bb\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e2d\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5168\u9762\u7684\u6c34\u751f\u98ce\u9669\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u5c06\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u6bd2\u6027\u4e0e\u57fa\u4e8e\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u6570\u636e\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u6bd2\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\u504f\u5dee\u6bd4 (MDR) \u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5bf9\u9884\u6d4b\u603b\u6bd2\u6027\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u8d21\u732e\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u8be5\u6bd4\u4f8b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u8fdb\u5165\u9014\u5f84\u800c\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ec5\u5173\u6ce8\u4ea7\u54c1\u6210\u5206\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u77e5\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6bd2\u6027\u4f5c\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u5e94\u4e88\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8be5\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u80fd\u652f\u6301\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u534f\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u751a\u81f3\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u62ee\u6297\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u79cd\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u5bfc\u81f4\u603b\u4f53\u6bd2\u6027\uff08\u2265 90%\uff09\u6216\u5982\u679c MDR \u5728 0.2 \u81f3 5 \u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff08\u5373\u4e0e CA \u4e00\u81f4\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4ea7\u54c1\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u98ce\u9669\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u534f\u540c\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u57fa\u4e8e\u5df2\u77e5\u6bd2\u6027\u7684\u5171\u5236\u5242\u6574\u5408\u5230 CA \u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8868\u660e\u534f\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u6d53\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0 (CA)\u3002\u4e0e EFSA \u7684\u63d0\u8bae\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u53ef\u7528\u98ce\u9669\u5546\u6570\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u8bc4\u4f30\uff08\u57fa\u4e8e TERs\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u8ba1\u7b97\u98ce\u9669\u6307\u6807\uff08RI = \u01a9\uff08\u89e6\u53d1\/TER\uff09\uff09\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u66f4\u53ef\u53d6\uff0c\u5e94\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5176\u5bf9\u603b\u4f53\u6bd2\u6027\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u5982\u4f55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ecd\u7136\u8868\u660e\u8054\u5408\u884c\u52a8\u5b58\u5728\u6f5c\u5728\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u6bcf\u79cd\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u66b4\u9732\u65f6\u95f4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f5c\u4e3a RQmix\uff08\u5373\u01a9 PECSW\/RAC\uff09\u8003\u8651\u5c06\u662f\u5408\u4e4e\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u9ad8\u5c42\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6574\u4f53\u6df7\u5408\u4e0e\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>
\n\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\u7fa4\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6025\u6027\u63a5\u89e6\u60c5\u666f\uff0c\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u6bd2\u6027\u8bc4\u4f30\uff08\u201c\u6574\u4f53\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u6cd5\u201d\uff09\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u95f4\u63a5\u66b4\u9732\u9014\u5f84\u548c\u957f\u671f\u66b4\u9732\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u914d\u5236\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u6bd2\u6027\u4f30\u8ba1\u4ec5\u5bf9\u6548\u5e94\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u66b4\u9732\u6a21\u5f0f\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ea7\u54c1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u6bd2\u6027\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u5408\u7406\u66ff\u4ee3\u548c\/\u6216\u8865\u5145\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\uff08\u201c\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ec4\u5206\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u201d\uff09\u3002\u4e0e\u6574\u4e2a\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u6570\u636e\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5b9a\u4e49\u6bd2\u6027\u7ec8\u70b9\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6dfb\u52a0\u5242\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u6bd2\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>
\n\u6d53\u5ea6\u52a0\u6cd5 (CA) \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u6bd2\u6027\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u72ec\u7acb\u884c\u52a8 (IA) \u6216\u6df7\u5408\u6a21\u578b (MM) \u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n

CA \u5047\u8bbe\u51e0\u79cd\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6bd2\u6027\u52a0\u8d77\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u7684\u603b\u6bd2\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u66b4\u9732\u4e8e\u5404\u4e2a\u6210\u5206\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5177\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u6027\u751a\u81f3\u4fdd\u5b88\u6027\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5b58\u5728\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u534f\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5df2\u77e5\u534f\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u7f55\u89c1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64 CA \u6709\u8d44\u683c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u6700\u574f\u60c5\u51b5\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u76d1\u7ba1\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b27\u6d32\u98df\u54c1\u5b89\u5168\u5c40\u9e1f\u7c7b\u548c\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u6307\u5bfc\u6587\u4ef6 (2009) \u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u6d53\u5ea6\u52a0\u6cd5 (CA) \u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u6025\u6027\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u6bd2\u6027\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002 EFSA \u5173\u4e8e\u6c34\u751f\u98ce\u9669\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u610f\u89c1\uff082013 \u5e74\uff09\u73b0\u5728\u63a8\u8350\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002
\n\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u98ce\u9669\u5546\u6570\uff08\u6b27\u6d32\u98df\u54c1\u5b89\u5168\u5c40\u610f\u89c1\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684 TER \u6216 ETR\uff09\u5982\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\u4ec5\u4e0e\u914d\u65b9\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e2d\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u5206\u6570\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u7ec8\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u53c2\u8003<\/em>
\nUmweltbundesamt\u3002 Texte 92\/2013\uff1a\u5316\u5b66\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u7684\u751f\u6001\u6bd2\u7406\u5b66\u7efc\u5408\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u7b2c 1 \u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u690d\u7269\u4fdd\u62a4\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u6740\u83cc\u5242\u73af\u5883\u98ce\u9669\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u548c\u5145\u5206\u8003\u8651<\/p>\n

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