Los cultivos biotecnológicos se cultivan en más tierra en los países en desarrollo que en los industrializados por primera vez desde que las semillas modificadas genéticamente debutaron hace casi 20 años, según el último informe anual del Servicio Internacional para la Adquisición de Aplicaciones Agri-Biotecnológicas (ISAAA).
Developing nations planted 52% of the global biotech crops in 2012, up from 50% a year earlier. Industrialized countries accounted for 48% of GM crop growth, according to ISAAA. Last year also marked an unprecedented 100-fold increase in biotech crop hectarage to 170 million hectares from 1.7 million in 1996, when biotech crops were first commercialized.
“This growth is contrary to the prediction of critics, who prior to the commercialization of the technology in 1996 prematurely declared that biotech crops were only for industrial countries, and would never be accepted and adopted by developing countries,” said Clive James, veteran author of the report and chair and founder of ISAAA.
Globally, farmers grew a record 170.3 million hectares of biotech crops in 2012, up 6%, or 10.3 million hectares more than in 2011, boosting farmers’ income worldwide due to enhanced
ISAAA’s report also showed that the rate and scale of biotech crop adoption in developing countries dwarfs that of industrialized nations. The growth rate for biotech crops was at least three times as fast, and five times as large, in developing countries, at 11% or 8.7 million hectares, versus 3% or 1.6 million hectares in industrial countries.
Sudán y Cuba estrena cultivos biotecnológicos
Sudán y Cuba sembraron cultivos biotecnológicos por primera vez el año pasado. Sudán comenzó a cultivar algodón biotecnológico, convirtiéndose en el cuarto país africano en comercializar un cultivo biotecnológico. Otros incluyen Sudáfrica, Burkina Faso y Egipto.
Los agricultores cubanos plantaron 3.000 hectáreas de maíz biotecnológico híbrido como parte de una iniciativa para impulsar la sostenibilidad ecológica y permanecer libres de pesticidas, según James.
Of the 28 countries that planted biotech crops, 20 were developing and eight were industrial countries, compared to 19 developing and 10 industrial countries in 2011. Approximately 60 percent of the world’s population, or about 4 billion people, live in the 28 countries planting biotech crops.
Aumento de los cultivos transgénicos en Brasil; EE. UU. Con una tasa de adopción de 90%
China, India, Brazil, Argentina and South Africa – which account for 40% of the global population – grew 78.2 million hectares or 46% of global biotech crops in 2012.
For the fourth consecutive year, Brazil outpaced all other countries’ growth at 21%, and it now ranks second only to the U.S. in worldwide biotech crop hectarage.
“A fast-track science-based approval system allows Brazil to adopt new biotech crops in a timely manner. For instance, the South American country was the first to approve the stacked soybean with insect resistance and herbicide tolerance for commercialization in 2013,” James said.
Estados Unidos continuó liderando el mundo en tierras de cultivo biotecnológico con 69,5 millones de hectáreas, con un promedio de adopción de 90% en todos los cultivos.
“Biotech crops are important but are not a panacea,” James added. “Adherence to good farming practices, such as rotations and resistance management, are a must for biotech crops as they are for conventional crops.”