中国价格指数:中国农化企业国际化之路

编者按:特约撰稿人 David Li 在其月刊中简要介绍了当前中国农用化学品市场上主要除草剂、杀菌剂和杀虫剂的价格趋势,详见 中国价格指数。下面他还提供了重要见解,解释了为什么未来全球作物保护公司的供应链管理将变得更加困难,这主要是因为市场竞争的变化速度超出了采购团队的想象。

随着中国活性成分价格的下降,需求的萎缩迫使中国企业寻找更好的方式与世界接轨。近十年来,中国农化企业的国际化是通过与跨国公司和国内经销商的合作来实现的。而B2B商业模式让中国农化企业能够充分利用整个化工行业的价值创造,以更低的产品价格满足全球对植保产品的需求。

在此期间,拥有一定技术的企业几乎可以以极小的成本组建外贸团队,然后将产品交付给全球客户。这是在供应品类和产能短缺的那些年,几乎所有中国农化生产商都采用的模式。但今天,我们面临着复杂的国际环境和产能过剩的障碍。拥有客户资源的销售总监在中国企业高层中的重要性正在下降。中国企业的国际化需要探索新的路径,而不是无奈地等待产业价格体系的崩溃。

在过去的五年里, 润丰股份 performance has skyrocketed. In CCPIA’s China Pesticide Industry Sales Ranking, Rainbow was ranked in the top three with its 2022 sales of RMB 14.46 billion (about $2 billion USD). Rainbow’s rise has occurred against a backdrop of rapid acquisition of global product registrations. By consolidating demand for product lines from different countries, Rainbow can gain an advantageous position in supply negotiations with Chinese producers. The biggest sunk cost of this business model is the investment in overseas registrations and the need to holistically manage global demand. But for other Chinese producers, this business model cannot be replicated.

在11月12日开幕的中国农化智能制造高峰论坛上,中国农业大学教授吴学敏提出,中国农药的智能生产应通过“智能接口”深深嵌入海外客户的供应链。在全球供应链管理转向及时交付策略的背景下,“柔性制造”将能够适应全球客户柔性供应的需求。结合准确的需求预测,灵活、弹性地满足农民对多种产品线的需求,可以帮助海外农化经销商节省成本并提高客户满意度。

全流程、自动化智能制造升级,是中国农化企业未来的发展方向。人工智能等智能系统对制造过程进行精准管理,可以大大减少人为管理对产品质量的波动。在线监控系统可以及时反馈生产过程中物料的生产情况,并及时反馈给智能系统。基于化学科学家对智能系统或制造人工智能的培训,使用制造数据作为基础设施的流程创新是可能的。

全球注册在中国投资者眼中不能被评价为资产。与注册相比,虚拟投资,即中国企业在海外投资智能制造,可能成为未来中国农化企业国际化的核心切入点。

中国农化企业未来的国际化是否只是中国企业单方面的成功?答案显然是否定的。

中国市场是一个缩影。海外从业者常常认为中国是一个“落后”的市场。事实并非如此。中国植保市场是一个竞争激烈的市场。 2022年,中国农化市场竞争进入白热化。专利组合定位正在从以利润为导向的战略迅速下沉至中端市场。例如,先正达以其专利化合物 Fluxapyroxad 为中心的产品线正在挤压中端市场的“高性价比”产品。

2023年11月上旬, 先正达集团公布财务业绩 2023 年前 9 个月和截至 2023 年 11 月的第三季度。2023 年前 9 个月集团销售额为 $243 亿,同比下降 6%,与异常强劲的 2022 年相比,EBITDA 下降 22% 2023年前9个月,其在中国的植保产品继续强劲增长,销售额同比增长16%,受益于新技术的推出。

与此同时,中国本土农化企业正在通过无人机植保等配方创新,积极适应新的应用方式。这两个因素使得长期主导中端市场的仿制药企业的市场份额面临着巨大的压力,它们曾经凭借高品质和合理定价占据的市场正在被侵蚀。

此外,此类仿制药公司通常很难针对农民需求的变化做出决策。例如,他们抵制在田间积极改变新的应用方法(无人机作物保护)。 安道玛的 在中国的表现,面临着不同的情况。根据安道麦在中国的公告,市场正面临供应过剩,价格压力正在影响品牌配方和非农业销售。

Unlike these two companies, local Chinese formulation producers with advanced manufacturing systems, such as Huizhou Yinnong, China’s first fully automated “black-light factory,” are actively engaged in R&D of innovative formulations with multinational companies to embrace the drone crop protection. They are utilizing fully automated intelligent manufacturing to meet the demand of multinationals for innovative and resilient formulation products. Multinational companies are co-developing innovative formulations adapted to the Chinese market, such as in the field of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) crop protection by licensing patented active ingredients to Chinese formulation companies. Novel formulations like OD, DF, and biodegradable CS nano-pesticides have already been applied in the field of UAV crop protection in China’s cash crops, so that these innovative products ensure the profitability of the company. Products coming out of fully automated formulation companies in China can achieve formulation characteristics and field performance that exceed the performance of MNC branded products. This has allowed multinationals to compete in China with a wider and richer range of portfolios.

这里我们不禁要问自己,这样的智能制造企业难道只存在于中国吗?还是仅限于制剂产品领域?如果一定要回答这个问题的话,我认为中国智能制造体系的未来应该是向海外拓展。从活性成分生产到创新配方,全流程智能制造将以系统的形式落地全球农化市场。

However, this is not a potential threat to overseas regional distributors, as the core business model of such a smart manufacturing system would be still be B2B. And overseas smart manufacturing systems can help more distributors and multinationals diversify their portfolios and flexibly meet the changing needs of regional customers. The upstream supply chain of agrochemical raw materials is managed through intelligent manufacturing system, while China R&D and production management teams are located overseas to work directly with customers’ supply chain and marketing teams. Focusing on high-quality and high-performance portfolios is the key advantage to achieve sustainable growth. Therefore, a win-win situation is not impossible if the global distributors also want to join the venture into it.